scholarly journals The acquisition of obesity: insights from cellular and genetic research

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wabitsch
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Energy Stores

The acquisition of increased adipose tissue mass in man occurs during prolonged periods of positive energy balance. Normally, energy homeostasis in children and adults is regulated strictly and the energy stores are kept within the defined age-dependent physiological range. Susceptibility to definitive increases in the level of energy balance during times of reduced energy consumption or increased energy intake, leading to changes in body composition and/or changes in relative body weight, seems to be genetically determined. Although at present much information on the regulation of energy homeostasis and related unfavourable factors exists from animal studies, knowledge of the regulation of energy balance in human subjects is still insufficient. Some evidence on relevant factors involved in the regulation of energy balance in man has been obtained from epidemiological data, as well as from studies of patients with rare monogenetic forms of obesity. In the present article a special focus will be put on the regulation of body energy stores at the level of the adipose tissue, with emphasis on the regulation of human adipocyte differentiation. In addition to the currently intensive scientific interest in the central regulation of energy homeostasis in man, there is sufficient evidence to support the idea that the acquisition of an increased adipose tissue mass is also dependent on the susceptibility of pre-adipocytes to proliferate, to differentiate or to enter into apoptosis.

scholarly journals Leptin and Beyond: Actors in Cancer

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1836
Author(s):  
Ines Barone ◽  
Cinzia Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Total Adipose Tissue ◽  
Control Food Intake ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Leptin is a 16-kDa multifunctional, neuroendocrine peptide hormone secreted by adipocytes in proportion to total adipose tissue mass, known to control food intake, energy homeostasis, immune response, and reproductive processes [...]

scholarly journals MED19 Regulates Adipogenesis and Maintenance of White Adipose Tissue Mass by Mediating PPARγ-Dependent Gene Expression

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 108228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dean ◽  
Anyuan He ◽  
Min Tan ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Dongliang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

scholarly journals Chemotactic cytokines, obesity and type 2 diabetes:in vivoandin vitroevidence for a possible causal correlation?

2009 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Sell ◽  
Jürgen Eckel
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Tissue Biology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

A strong causal link between increased adipose tissue mass and insulin resistance in tissues such as liver and skeletal muscle exists in obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes. Increased adipose tissue mass in obese patients and patients with diabetes is associated with altered secretion of adipokines, which also includes chemotactic proteins. Adipose tissue releases a wide range of chemotactic proteins including many chemokines and chemerin, which are interesting targets for adipose tissue biology and for biomedical research in obesity and obesity-related diseases. This class of adipokines may be directly linked to a chronic state of low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue, a concept intensively studied in adipose tissue biology in recent years. The inflammatory state of adipose tissue in obese patients may be the most important factor linking increased adipose tissue mass to insulin resistance. Furthermore, chemoattractant adipokines may play an important role in this situation, as many of these proteins possess biological activity beyond the recruitment of immune cells including effects on adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis in insulin-sensitive tissues. The present review provides a summary of experimental evidence of the role of adipose tissue-derived chemotactic cytokines and their function in insulin resistancein vivoandin vitro.

Triazole GHS-R1a antagonists JMV4208 and JMV3002 attenuate food intake, body weight, and adipose tissue mass in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 393 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Holubová ◽  
V. Nagelová ◽  
Z. Lacinová ◽  
M. Haluzík ◽  
D. Sýkora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is a key regulator of early adipogenic events in human preadipocytes

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. E121-E131 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Widberg ◽  
F. S. Newell ◽  
A. W. Bachmann ◽  
S. N. Ramnoruth ◽  
M. C. Spelta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Human Preadipocytes

Cell number is an important determinant of adipose tissue mass, and the coordinated proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes into mature lipid-laden adipocytes underpins the increased adipose tissue mass associated with obesity. Despite this, the molecular cues governing such adipose tissue expansion are poorly understood. We previously reported that fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) promotes both proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes and that the major adipogenic effect of FGF-1 occurs during proliferation, priming the cells for adipose conversion. In the current study, we examined whether this effect was linked to the mitogenic action of FGF-1 by investigating the mitogenic and adipogenic potential of other growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF; AA and BB) and vascular endothelial growth factor. Although PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB showed comparable mitogenic potential to FGF-1, only FGF-1 treatment resulted in priming and subsequent differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of FGF receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase activity, using the FGFR-specific inhibitors PD-173074 and SU-5402, revealed an obligate requirement for FGFR activity in these processes. A combination of biochemical and genetic approaches revealed an important role for FGFR1. Knock down of FGFR1 expression by small-interfering RNA reduced FGF-1-stimulated signaling events, proliferation, and priming. Together these data highlight the unique nature of the role of FGF-1 during the earliest stages of adipogenesis and establish a role for FGFR1 in human adipogenesis, identifying FGFR1 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce obesity.

scholarly journals Cellular program controlling the recovery of adipose tissue mass: An in vivo imaging approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (35) ◽  
pp. 12985-12990 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Birsoy ◽  
A. Soukas ◽  
J. Torrens ◽  
G. Ceccarini ◽  
J. Montez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Imaging Approach

scholarly journals Individual housing of male C57BL/6J mice after weaning impairs growth and predisposes for obesity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidewij Schipper ◽  
Steffen van Heijningen ◽  
Giorgio Karapetsas ◽  
Eline M. van der Beek ◽  
Gertjan van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Obesogenic Diet

AbstractIndividual housing from weaning onwards resulted in reduced growth rate during adolescence in male C57Bl/6J mice that were housed individually, while energy intake and energy expenditure were increased compared to socially housed counterparts. At 6 weeks of age, these mice had reduced lean body mass, but significantly higher white adipose tissue mass compared to socially housed mice. Body weight gain of individually housed animals exceeded that of socially housed mice during adulthood, with elevations in both energy intake and expenditure. At 18 weeks of age, individually housed mice showed higher adiposity and higher mRNA expression of UCP-1 in inguinal white adipose tissue. Exposure to an obesogenic diet starting at 6 weeks of age further amplified body weight gain and adipose tissue deposition. This study shows that post-weaning individual housing of male mice results in impaired adolescent growth and higher susceptibility to obesity in adulthood. Mice are widely used to study obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. For (metabolic) research models using mice, (social) housing practices should be carefully considered and regarded as a potential confounder due to their modulating effect on metabolic health outcomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document