scholarly journals Nutrition and healthy ageing: the key ingredients

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong ◽  
John C. Mathers ◽  
Oscar H. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

Healthy longevity is a tangible possibility for many individuals and populations, with nutritional and other lifestyle factors playing a key role in modulating the likelihood of healthy ageing. Nevertheless, studies of effects of nutrients or single foods on ageing often show inconsistent results and ignore the overall framework of dietary habits. Therefore, the use of dietary patterns (e.g. a Mediterranean dietary pattern) and the specific dietary recommendations (e.g. dietary approaches to stop hypertension, Polymeal and the American Healthy Eating Index) are becoming more widespread in promoting lifelong health. A posteriori defined dietary patterns are described frequently in relation to age-related diseases but their generalisability is often a challenge since these are developed specifically for the population under study. Conversely, the dietary guidelines are often developed based on prevention of disease or nutrient deficiency, but often less attention is paid to how well these dietary guidelines promote health outcomes. In the present paper, we provide an overview of the state of the art of dietary patterns and dietary recommendations in relation to life expectancy and the risk of age-related disorders (with emphasis on cardiometabolic diseases and cognitive outcomes). According to both a posteriori and a priori dietary patterns, some key ‘ingredients’ can be identified that are associated consistently with longevity and better cardiometabolic and cognitive health. These include high intake of fruit, vegetables, fish, (whole) grains and legumes/pulses and potatoes, whereas dietary patterns rich in red meat and sugar-rich foods have been associated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiometabolic outcomes.

scholarly journals The association of priori and posteriori dietary patterns with the risk of incident hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Ramezankhani ◽  
Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with incident hypertension. Materials/methods This prospective study was conducted on 4793 individuals of Tehran lipid and glucose study participants, aged ≥ 18 years who were followed for a median of 6.3 years from 2008–2011 to 2016–2018. A valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intakes. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and during follow up examinations. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Healthy eating index (HEI) and dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) score were measured based on dietary recommendations. Time-dependent Cox models adjusting for confounders were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension. Results During follow-up, a total of 727 incident cases of hypertension were identified. The mean ± SD age at baseline was 40.3 ± 13.5 and 37.9 ± 12.1 years in men and women, respectively. Two dietary patterns (the healthy and unhealthy) were extracted by PCA. Compared with participants in the first quartile, a 23% (HR: 1.23; 95%CI 1.00–1.53; P trend: 0.056) increased risk of hypertension was found in the fourth quartile of HEI score. This association was disappeared after further adjustment for confounders. Increasing DASH score, the healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern were not associated with risk of hypertension. Conclusion Our findings showed that higher adherences to the posteriori- and priori-dietary patterns were not associated with risk of hypertension in this population.

scholarly journals The Association of Priori and Posteriori Dietary Patterns With the Risk of Incident Hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Ramezankhani ◽  
Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with incident hypertension. Materials/methods: This prospective study was conducted on 4793 individuals of Tehran lipid and glucose study participants, aged ≥ 18 years who were followed for a median of 6.3 years from 2008-11 to 2016-18 surveys. A valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intakes. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and during follow up examinations. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA); healthy eating index (HEI) and dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) score were measured based on dietary recommendations. Time-dependent Cox models, adjusting for confounders were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension. Results During follow-up, a total of 727 incident cases of hypertension were identified. The mean ± SD age at baseline was 40.3 ± 13.5 and 37.9 ± 12.1 years in men and women, respectively. Two dietary patterns (the healthy and unhealthy) were extracted by PCA. Compared with participants in the first quartile, a 23% (HR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.00-1.53; P trend: 0.056) increased risk of hypertension was found in the fourth quartile of HEI score. This association was disappeared after further adjustment for confounders. Increasing DASH score, the healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern were not associated with risk of hypertension. Conclusion According to our findings, after adjustment for confounders, higher adherence to posteriori- and priori-dietary patterns was not associated with risk of hypertension.

scholarly journals The association of priori and posteriori dietary patterns with the risk of incident hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Ramezankhani ◽  
Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with incident hypertension.Materials/methods: This prospective study was conducted on 4793 individuals of Tehran lipid and glucose study participants, aged ≥18 years who were followed for a median of 6.3 years from 2008-11 to 2016-18. A valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intakes. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and during follow up examinations. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Healthy eating index (HEI) and dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) score were measured based on dietary recommendations. Time-dependent Cox models adjusting for confounders were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension.Results: During follow-up, a total of 727 incident cases of hypertension were identified. The mean±SD age at baseline was 40.3±13.5 and 37.9±12.1 years in men and women, respectively. Two dietary patterns (the healthy and unhealthy) were extracted by PCA. Compared with participants in the first quartile, a 23% (HR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.00-1.53; P trend: 0.056) increased risk of hypertension was found in the fourth quartile of HEI score. This association was disappeared after further adjustment for confounders. Increasing DASH score, the healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern were not associated with risk of hypertension.Conclusion: Our findings showed that higher adherences to the posteriori- and priori-dietary patterns were not associated with risk of hypertension in this population.

scholarly journals The association of priori and posteriori dietary patterns with the risk of incident hypertension: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azra Ramezankhani ◽  
Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Farzad Hadaegh
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of dietary patterns with incident hypertension.Materials/methods: This prospective study was conducted on 4793 individuals of Tehran lipid and glucose study participants, aged ≥18 years who were followed for a median of 6.3 years from 2008-11 to 2016-18. A valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess usual dietary intakes. Anthropometrics and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and during follow up examinations. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Healthy eating index (HEI) and dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) score were measured based on dietary recommendations. Time-dependent Cox models adjusting for confounders were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension.Results: During follow-up, a total of 727 incident cases of hypertension were identified. The mean±SD age at baseline was 40.3±13.5 and 37.9±12.1 years in men and women, respectively. Two dietary patterns (the healthy and unhealthy) were extracted by PCA. Compared with participants in the first quartile, a 23% (HR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.00-1.53; P trend: 0.056) increased risk of hypertension was found in the fourth quartile of HEI score. This association was disappeared after further adjustment for confounders. Increasing DASH score, the healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern were not associated with risk of hypertension.Conclusion: Based on our findings, higher adherence to the posteriori- and priori-dietary patterns was not associated with risk of hypertension.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Health, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoneta Granic ◽  
Avan Sayer ◽  
Sian Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Societal Implications ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Muscle Health

In recent decades, the significance of diet and dietary patterns (DPs) for skeletal muscle health has been gaining attention in ageing and nutritional research. Sarcopenia, a muscle disease characterised by low muscle strength, mass, and function is associated with an increased risk of functional decline, frailty, hospitalization, and death. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with age and leads to high personal, social, and economic costs. Finding adequate nutritional measures to maintain muscle health, preserve function, and independence for the growing population of older adults would have important scientific and societal implications. Two main approaches have been employed to study the role of diet/DPs as a modifiable lifestyle factor in sarcopenia. An a priori or hypothesis-driven approach examines the adherence to pre-defined dietary indices such as the Mediterranean diet (MED) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)—measures of diet quality—in relation to muscle health outcomes. A posteriori or data-driven approaches have used statistical tools—dimension reduction methods or clustering—to study DP-muscle health relationships. Both approaches recognise the importance of the whole diet and potential cumulative, synergistic, and antagonistic effects of foods and nutrients on ageing muscle. In this review, we have aimed to (i) summarise nutritional epidemiology evidence from four recent systematic reviews with updates from new primary studies about the role of DPs in muscle health, sarcopenia, and its components; (ii) hypothesise about the potential mechanisms of ‘myoprotective’ diets, with the MED as an example, and (iii) discuss the challenges facing nutritional epidemiology to produce the higher level evidence needed to understand the relationships between whole diets and healthy muscle ageing.

scholarly journals A posteriori dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 1681-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar ◽  
Mahdieh Golzarand ◽  
Mina Hajimohammadi ◽  
Sara Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveObservational studies reported potential associations between different dietary patterns and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, a consistent perspective has not been established to date. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between a posteriori dietary patterns and MetS by pooling available data.DesignMEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for relevant articles published up to July 2015 with no time restriction and with English language restriction. Two independent reviewers completed study selection and data extraction. Random-effects models (DerSimonian–Laird method) were used to pool effect sizes of eligible studies. The potential sources of heterogeneity were assessed using the I2 statistic.ResultsNineteen papers that identified dietary patterns using an a posteriori method were selected and included in the meta-analysis. The ‘Healthy/Prudent’ dietary pattern was inversely associated with risk of MetS (OR=0·89; 95 % CI 0·84, 0·94, P=0·002). In contrast, the ‘Unhealthy/Western’ dietary pattern had a significant positive association with risk of MetS (OR=1·16; 95 % CI 1·11, 1·22, P<0·001).ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence that greater adherence to a healthy/prudent dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of MetS, while an unhealthy/Western dietary pattern is associated with increased risk of MetS. These data suggest that a diet based on healthy food choices is also beneficial for prevention of MetS.

scholarly journals The Combination of Healthy Diet and Healthy Body Weight Is Associated with Lower Risk of Nuclear Cataract in the Blue Mountains Eye Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ava Grace Tan ◽  
Annette Kifley ◽  
Victoria M Flood ◽  
Joanna Russell ◽  
George Burlutsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Nuclear Cataract ◽  
Blue Mountains ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Blue Mountains Eye Study ◽  
Diet Score

ABSTRACT Background Greater adherence to dietary guidelines has previously been found to be associated with decreased risk of visual impairment. However, whether or not this association extends to age-related cataract, 1 of the leading causes of visual impairment, is unknown. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the association between adherence to dietary guidelines, using total diet score, and incidence of age-related cataract. Methods Of 3654 baseline participants of the population-based Blue Mountains Eye Study cohort (1992–1994), 2334 (75.8% survivors) and 1952 (76.7% survivors) were examined after 5 and 10 y, respectively. Cataract was assessed from lens photographs using the Wisconsin Cataract Grading System. Baseline total diet score was calculated from FFQ data following a modified version of the Healthy Eating Index for Australians. OR with 95% CI were estimated using discrete logistic regression analyses, adjusting for age, sex, and other confounders. To test interaction, a cross-product term of 2 factors was included in regression models. Results Of 2173 participants (84.7% of those returned for 1 or both follow-ups) with total diet score estimated, 57% were women, mean baseline age was 63.9 ± 8.4y, and mean baseline BMI was 26.3 ± 4.3 kg/m2. After multivariable adjustment, baseline total diet score was not associated with incidence of any cataract. A multiplicative interaction was observed between total diet score and BMI for incident nuclear cataract (P-interaction = 0.04): increasing baseline total diet score was associated with decreased risk of nuclear cataract among participants with BMI <25 (per unit increased total diet score, OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.99; P = 0.02), but not among participants with BMI ≥25 (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.10; P = 0.95). Conclusions Adherence to dietary guidelines had no appreciable influence on cataract development overall in this older Australian population. However, adherence to dietary guidelines combined with healthy BMI is associated with decreased risk of nuclear cataract, an aging marker.

scholarly journals How well do Australian women comply with dietary guidelines?

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Ball ◽  
Gita D Mishra ◽  
Christopher W Thane ◽  
Allison Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjective:To investigate the proportion of middle-aged Australian women meeting national dietary recommendations and its variation according to selected sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics.Design:This cross-sectional population-based study used a food-frequency questionnaire to investigate dietary patterns and compliance with 13 commonly promoted dietary guidelines among a cohort of middle-aged women participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.Setting:Nation-wide community-based survey.Subjects:A total of 10 561 women aged 50–55 years at the time of the survey in 2001.Results:Only about one-third of women complied with more than half of the guidelines, and only two women in the entire sample met all 13 guidelines examined. While guidelines for meat/fish/poultry/eggs/nuts/legumes and ‘extra’ foods (e.g. ice cream, chocolate, cakes, potatoes, pizza, hamburgers and wine) were met well, large percentages of women (68–88%) did not meet guidelines relating to the consumption of breads, cereal-based foods and dairy products, and intakes of total and saturated fat and iron. Women working in lower socio-economic status occupations, and women living alone or with people other than a partner and/or children, were at significantly increased risk of not meeting guidelines.Conclusions:The present results indicate that a large proportion of middle-aged Australian women are not meeting dietary guidelines. Without substantial changes in their diets, and help in making these changes, current national guidelines appear unachievable for many women.

Gene-diet interaction and plasma lipid responses to dietary intervention

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ordovas
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Increased Risk

Strategies for disease prevention can have a major impact on people's health. However, major gaps exist in our knowledge with regard to nutritional adequacy, nutrient-disease interactions, nutrient-gene interactions, and effective strategies for implementation of dietary recommendations which have the potential to decrease the disease burden and to contribute to successful aging of the population. Coronary heart disease is one of the major causes of mortality in the world. We have sound evidence that high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Lipoprotein concentrations are associated with environmental variables such as diet and lifestyle, but genetics also play a significant role. We have examined polymorphisms at candidate loci to determine their usefulness as markers for dietary responses. A G/A polymorphism 75 bp upstream from the gene encoding apolipoprotein AI (APOA1) has been described in ~ 30% of the population. Our studies show that this polymorphism is associated with variability in the HDL-C response to dietary fat, specifically to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet. Carriers of the A allele respond to increases in dietary PUFA with elevations in HDL-C levels, probably due to altered interactions of transcription factors with the mutated promoter. Therefore carriers of the A allele can potentially decrease their atherogenic risk by consuming high-PUFA diets. Likewise, we have examined the interaction between other dietary habits, such as alcohol drinking, and variability at the APOE locus, and have demonstrated that the classical associations between APOE polymorphism and LDL-C levels are observed primarily in those subjects who consume alcohol. Moreover, we have found a subgroup of the population, APOE4 carriers, for whom drinking alcohol may exert detrimental effects on lipid metabolism. This knowledge will contribute towards the development of more effective personalized dietary recommendations.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns and Weight Status in Italian Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Children

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 4039
Author(s):  
Benedetta Raspini ◽  
Margherita Prosperi ◽  
Letizia Guiducci ◽  
Elisa Santocchi ◽  
Raffaella Tancredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Food Selectivity ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Atypical eating habits are more common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than typically developing (TD) peers. Feeding problems may lead to the double burden of specific nutrient deficiencies and excessive weight gain, with a consequent increase in obesity prevalence. The dietary intake of Italian preschoolers with ASD compared to their TD peers and the impact of their dietary choices on their weight status and relationship to food selectivity (FS) were investigated. Dietary patterns and their associations with body mass index (BMI) were evaluated in 65 children with ASD and 82 peers with TD aged 1.3–6.4 years. Eating habits were assessed with a modified version of a parent-rated semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Moreover, the prevalence of FS and possible links with dietary patterns and BMI were investigated in the ASD group. Children with ASD consumed significantly higher amounts of simple sugars, processed and ultra-processed carbohydrates, both low- and high-fat animal proteins, and lower amounts of vegetables and fruits compared to peers with TD. The obesity rate was 1.5% in children with TD and more than fourfold (6.2%) in children with ASD, although the difference between groups was not statistically significant. FS was significantly more frequent in children with ASD than in peers with TD. Children with ASD and FS showed significantly lower annual intakes of vegetable proteins and fiber (considered essential nutrients for a healthy diet) than children with ASD without FS. Our results showed that children with ASD showed different dietary habits than those with TD, with the higher consumption of energy-dense foods and lower amounts of food-sourced fibers, which could place them at increased risk to develop overweight, obesity, and micronutrient deficiencies later in life.

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