scholarly journals Clustering of energy balance-related behaviours and parental education in European preschool children: the ToyBox study

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
María L. Miguel-Berges ◽  
Konstantina Zachari ◽  
Alba M. Santaliestra-Pasias ◽  
Theodora Mouratidou ◽  
Odysseas Androutsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
High Water ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Parental Educational Level

AbstractEnergy balance-related behaviours (EBRB) are established in childhood and seem to persist through to adulthood. A lower parental educational level was associated with unhealthy behavioural patterns. The aim of the study is to identify clusters of EBRB and examine their association with preschool children’s BMI and maternal, paternal and parental education. A subsample of the ToyBox study (n 5387) conducted in six European countries was used. Six behavioural clusters (‘healthy diet and low activity’, ‘active’, ‘healthy lifestyle’, ‘high water and screen time; low fruits and vegetables (F&V) and physical activity (PA)’, ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ and ‘high F&V consumers’) emerged. The healthiest group characterised by high water and F&V consumption and high PA z scores (‘healthy lifestyle’) was more prevalent among preschool children with at least one medium- or higher-educated parent and showed markedly healthier trends for all the included EBRB. In the opposite, the ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster (characterised by high soft drinks and screen time z scores, and low water, F&V and PA z scores) was more prevalent among children with lower parental, paternal and maternal education levels. OR identified that children with lower maternal, paternal and parental education levels were less likely to be allocated in the ‘healthy lifestyle’ cluster and more likely to be allocated in the ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster. The ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ cluster was more prevalent among children with parents in lower parental educational levels and children who were obese. Therefore, parental educational level is one of the key factors that should be considered when developing childhood obesity prevention interventions.

scholarly journals Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools (DAGIS) Study—Differences in Children’s Energy Balance-Related Behaviors (EBRBs) and in Long-Term Stress by Parental Educational Level

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elviira Lehto ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Henna Vepsäläinen ◽  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Reetta Lehto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Parental Educational Level ◽  
Ses Differences

This paper describes the Increased Health and Wellbeing in Preschools (DAGIS) survey process and socioeconomic status (SES) differences in children’s energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs), meaning physical activity, sedentary and dietary behaviors, and long-term stress that serve as the basis for the intervention development. A cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2015–2016 in 66 Finnish preschools in eight municipalities involving 864 children (3–6 years old). Parents, preschool personnel, and principals assessed environmental factors at home and preschool with questionnaires. Measurement of children’s EBRBs involved three-day food records, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), seven-day accelerometer data, and seven-day sedentary behavior diaries. Children’s long-term stress was measured by hair cortisol concentration. Parental educational level (PEL) served as an indicator of SES. Children with low PEL had more screen time, more frequent consumption of sugary beverages and lower consumption of vegetables, fruit, and berries (VFB) than those with high PEL. Children with middle PEL had a higher risk of consuming sugary everyday foods than children with high PEL. No PEL differences were found in children’s physical activity, sedentary time, or long-term stress. The DAGIS intervention, aiming to diminish SES differences in preschool children’s EBRBs, needs to have a special focus on screen time and consumption of sugary foods and beverages, and VFB.

scholarly journals Main sources and parental educational level differences in intake of vitamin D in Finnish preschool children

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essi Skaffari ◽  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Henna Vepsäläinen ◽  
Suvi Itkonen ◽  
Kaija Nissinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Vitamin D Intake ◽  
Fluid Milk

AbstractIn Finland the recommendation for the use of vitamin D supplement is a daily supplement throughout the year for all children. It is also recommended that fluid milk products and fat spreads are fortified with vitamin D. The purpose of this study was to provide up-to-date data on children's dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin D. We also examined educational level differences in the intake and sources of vitamin D.A cross-sectional study on the diet in Finnish 3–6-year-old preschool children (the DAGIS Study) was carried out in 2015–2016. Children were recruited in preschools in Southern Finland and in the Southern Ostrobothnia Region (n = 864). The parents reported child's supplement use (brand name, dose, frequency of use) during the last month and their own education level. The highest parental education level (PEL) was used in analysis. Parents and preschool personnel also filled in a 3-day food record for the child. A part of the families also kept an additional 2-day food record, which we sent to capture seasonal variation in the diet. In this analysis we included children (n = 794) with data for supplement use and at least 1-day food record. We calculated dietary intake based on the Fineli food composition database and created a dietary supplement database. We used Kruskal-Wallis test for statistical analysis.Most of the children in all PELs used vitamin D supplements (low 77%, medium 85%, high 85%). Dietary supplements covered almost half of the total intake in all groups (low 42%, medium 48%, high 47%, p = 0,087). The main dietary sources of vitamin D were fortified fluid milk products, fortified fat spreads and fish dishes. A higher proportion of vitamin D was obtained from fish dishes in families with higher PEL (low 4.3%, medium 4.5%, high 6.1%, p = 0.005), but otherwise there were no differences in the proportions of the main sources. The vitamin D intake from diet and supplements was lowest in families with low PEL but the total intake of vitamin D was adequate in all groups (low 18.3, medium 20.7, high 20.7 μg/day, p = 0.001).The use of vitamin D fortified fluid milk products and fat spreads and the vitamin D supplementation seem to ensure adequate vitamin D intake in all children, regardless the level of parental education.

scholarly journals Are associations between home environment and preschool children’s sedentary time influenced by parental educational level in a cross-sectional survey?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elviira Lehto ◽  
Reetta Lehto ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Riikka Pajulahti ◽  
Nina Sajaniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Educational Level

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health concern, especially in low socioeconomic groups. Sedentary time (SED) is an important predictor of obesity. To be able to diminish SED it is important to find modifiable predictors of sedentary behavior. The home environment associated with children’s SED may vary by parental socioeconomic status. This study aims to clarify the association between parental educational level (PEL) and the home environment of 3–6-year-old children, and to examine how home environment associates with children’s SED, and whether PEL modifies these associations. Methods: A cross-sectional Increased health and wellbeing in preschools (DAGIS) study was conducted in 2015–2016 in Finland. The parents (n=809) filled in questionnaires assessing PEL, and the home physical and social environment related to children’s SED. Children’s SED was measured with accelerometers, which the children (n=745) wore for one week. Results: High PEL was associated with a home environment restraining sedentary behaviour compared with low PEL. Stricter descriptive norms about screen time, considering it important to limit the child’s screen time, and satisfaction about the child’s screen time associated with children’s lower SED. The association with parental psychological control and SED was influenced by PEL. In the PEL stratified analyses, however, the associations between psychological control and SED did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Future interventions aiming to decrease SED should pay attention to relevant factors in children’s sedentary behaviour home environment. It is important to acknowledge the possible PEL differences in these factors.

scholarly journals Prospective Association of Maternal Educational Level with Child’s Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Diet Quality

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cárdenas-Fuentes ◽  
Clara Homs ◽  
Catalina Ramírez-Contreras ◽  
Charlotte Juton ◽  
Rafael Casas-Esteve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Maternal Educational Level

Evidence has identified unhealthy lifestyle behaviors as the main contributors to obesity in children, so it is essential to identify factors that could influence children’s lifestyles. The objective of the present study was to analyze the association of baseline maternal educational level with child’s physical activity, screen time, and dietary habits at follow-up. This community-based cohort study was carried out between 2012 and 2014 and included 1405 children aged 8 to 10 years old. Maternal educational level was used as an indicator of child’s socioeconomic status. Physical activity, screen time, and dietary habits were assessed by validated questionnaires. The odds of having commercially baked goods for breakfast [OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.10)], going more than once a week to a fast-food restaurant [OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.20 to 2.26)], and taking sweets and candys several times a day [OR 3.23 (95% CI 2.14 to 4.87) were significantly higher among children whose mothers had a lower educational level compared to their peers whose mothers had a higher level. These associations held for taking sweets and candy several times a day after additional adjustment for the corresponding dietary behavior at baseline. Maternal educational level was inversely associated (p < 0.001) with child’s screen time at follow up and being in the lowest maternal educational category was associated with an increased odds of surpassing the maximum recommended time of screen time of 120 min per day (OR (95% CI) 1.43 (1.07 to 1.90), p = 0.016). Maternal education is a predictor for unhealthy dietary habits and high screen time in children.

scholarly journals Identifying patterns of lifestyle behaviours among children of 3 years old

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1115-1121
Author(s):  
Lu Wang ◽  
Wilma Jansen ◽  
Amy van Grieken ◽  
Eline Vlasblom ◽  
Magda M Boere-Boonekamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Time Pattern ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviours ◽  
Permissive Parenting ◽  
Maternal Educational Level ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern ◽  
Child Bmi ◽  
Lifestyle Patterns

Abstract Background To identify the patterns of lifestyle behaviours in children aged 3 years, to investigate the parental and child characteristics associated with the lifestyle patterns, and to examine whether the identified lifestyle patterns are associated with child BMI and weight status. Methods Cross-sectional data of 2090 children 3 years old participating in the Dutch BeeBOFT study were used. Child dietary intakes, screen times and physical activity were assessed by parental questionnaire, and child weight and height were measured by trained professionals according to a standardized protocol. Latent class analysis was applied to identify patterns of lifestyle behaviours among children. Results Three subgroups of children with distinct patterns of lifestyle behaviours were identified: the ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ pattern (36%), the ‘low snacking and low screen time’ pattern (48%) and the ‘active, high fruit and vegetable, high snacking and high screen time’ pattern (16%). Children with low maternal educational level, those raised with permissive parenting style (compared those with authoritative parents), and boys were more likely be allocated to the ‘unhealthy lifestyle’ pattern and the ‘active, high fruit and vegetable, high snacking and high screen time’ pattern (P &lt; 0.05). No association was found between the identified lifestyle patterns and child BMI z-score at age 3 years. Conclusions Three different lifestyle patterns were observed among children aged 3 years. Low maternal educational level, permissive parenting style and male gender of the child were associated with having unhealthy lifestyle patterns for the child.

scholarly journals Gestational Age, Parent Education, and Education in Adulthood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Funck Bilsteen ◽  
Suvi Alenius ◽  
Magne Bråthen ◽  
Klaus Børch ◽  
Claus Thorn Ekstrøm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
High Educational Level ◽  
Parental Educational Level

BACKGROUND: Adults born preterm (&lt;37 weeks) have lower educational attainment than those born term. Whether this relationship is modified by family factors such as socioeconomic background is, however, less well known. We investigated whether the relationship between gestational age and educational attainment in adulthood differed according to parents’ educational level in 4 Nordic countries. METHODS: This register-based cohort study included singletons born alive from 1987 up to 1992 in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. In each study population, we investigated effect modification by parents’ educational level (low, intermediate, high) on the association between gestational age at birth (25–44 completed weeks) and low educational attainment at 25 years (not having completed upper secondary education) using general estimation equations logistic regressions. RESULTS: A total of 4.3%, 4.0%, 4.8%, and 5.0% singletons were born preterm in the Danish (n = 331 448), Finnish (n = 220 095), Norwegian (n = 292 840), and Swedish (n = 513 975) populations, respectively. In all countries, both lower gestational age and lower parental educational level contributed additively to low educational attainment. For example, in Denmark, the relative risk of low educational attainment was 1.84 (95% confidence interval 1.44 to 2.26) in adults born at 28 to 31 weeks whose parents had high educational level and 5.25 (95% confidence interval 4.53 to 6.02) in adults born at 28 to 31 weeks whose parents had low educational level, compared with a reference group born at 39 to 41 weeks with high parental educational level. CONCLUSIONS: Although higher parental education level was associated with higher educational attainment for all gestational ages, parental education did not mitigate the educational disadvantages of shorter gestational age.

scholarly journals Are associations between home environment and preschool children’s sedentary time influenced by parental educational level in a cross-sectional survey?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elviira Lehto ◽  
Reetta Lehto ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Riikka Pajulahti ◽  
Nina Sajaniemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental Educational Level

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health concern, especially in low socioeconomic groups. Sedentary time (SED) is an important predictor of obesity. To be able to diminish SED it is important to find modifiable predictors of sedentary behavior. The home environment associated with children’s SED may vary by parental socioeconomic status. This study aims to clarify the association between parental educational level (PEL) and the home environment of 3–6-year-old children, and to examine how home environment associates with children’s SED, and whether PEL modifies these associations. Methods: A cross-sectional Increased health and wellbeing in preschools (DAGIS) study was conducted in 2015–2016 in Finland. The parents (n=809) filled in questionnaires assessing PEL, and the home physical and social environment related to children’s SED. Children’s SED was measured with accelerometers, which the children (n=745) wore for one week.Results: High PEL was associated with a home environment restraining sedentary behaviour compared with low PEL. Stricter descriptive norms about screen time, considering it important to limit the child’s screen time, and satisfaction about the child’s screen time associated with children’s lower SED. The association with parental psychological control and SED was influenced by PEL. In the PEL stratified analyses, however, the associations between psychological control and SED did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Future interventions aiming to decrease SED should pay attention to relevant factors in children’s sedentary behaviour home environment. It is important to acknowledge the possible PEL differences in these factors.

scholarly journals Influence of the Parental Educational Level on Physical Activity in Schoolchildren

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés M. Muñoz-Galiano ◽  
Jonathan D. Connor ◽  
Miguel A. Gómez-Ruano ◽  
Gema Torres-Luque
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
School Students ◽  
Parental Educational Level ◽  
Watching Tv

The factors influencing physical activity participation in children are varied, although there is evidence that the educational level of parents may be one important factor. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of parental education on the level of physical activity and the sedentary behavior of their children. The parents of 727 students, separated based on school group (preschool: n = 179; primary: n = 284; secondary: n = 230; high: n = 34), were invited to complete a series of questionnaires assessing their educational level (low, intermediate, and high) and their child’s level of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Primary school students with high- and intermediate-educated parents were found to engage in significantly more physical activity per week and spent more time engaged in homework than children with lower-educated parents. Secondary school students with higher-educated parents were found to spend significantly less time engaged in sedentary behavior than children with lower- or intermediate-educated parents, and high schoolers with higher-educated parents engaged in less tablet time than children with lower-educated parents. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that greater physical activity was precipitated by certain sedentary behaviors in children with more educated parents, such as total time watching TV (primary school), doing homework (secondary school), and total time using a tablet/similar (high school), which increased total time engaged in physical activity. These findings suggest that more educated parents may implement structured time for their children to engage in a balance of physical activity and sedentary behaviors.

scholarly journals Transition into secondary education and health-compromising behaviours: A longitudinal study

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Rimpelä ◽  
H Dobewall ◽  
S Karvonen ◽  
L Koivusilta ◽  
P Lindfors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Energy Drink ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
Late Transition

Abstract Background We studied the associations of health-compromising behaviours with a transition into secondary education by following a large cohort of Finnish adolescents. Students with a direct (successful) transition into secondary education after the 9th grade (73%) and those with a late transition (7%) were compared. Methods We analysed the following health behaviours in the 7th and 9th grades collected in school surveys in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area: late bed time, irregular breakfast pattern, tooth brushing less than twice a day, monthly alcohol consumption, smoking, regular energy drink consumption, physical activity level under recommendations, and excessive screen time, as well as clustering of these behaviours. Results In logistics regression models (adjusted for gender, school), in the 7th grade all health-compromising behaviors except physical inactivity were related to the late transition, and in the 9th grade energy drink, smoking, breakfast, tooth brushing and screen time. In multivariate models (controlled for academic achievement, immigrant status, language spoken at home, and parents’ education) only bed time was independently associated in both grades. Bed time, breakfast, tooth brushing, alcohol, smoking, and energy drink formed three behavioral clusters -healthy, mixed, and unhealthy lifestyles. The last two predicted the late start in both grades; in multivariate models unhealthy only. Change in academic achievement over time, but not in lifestyle, predicted the transition. Conclusions Students with unhealthy lifestyle are more likely to start secondary education later than those with healthy lifestyle meaning also postponing of their graduation and start of working life. Key messages The unhealthy lifestyle of those who start secondary education later than average, may be one of the mechanisms in the origin of socioeconomic health differences in later life. Healthy lifestyle as early as 13 years predicts successful educational paths.

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