scholarly journals The Turtle Tragedy

Oryx ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Tom Harrisson
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Marine Turtle ◽  
The South ◽  
Vice Chairman ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
The World

The world's turtles are decreasing at a rate which, if unchecked, could mean their extinction before the end of the century. In March this year a group of marine turtle specialists from all over the world met at IUCN headquarters in Switzerland to discuss what action could and should be taken. Professor Tom Harrisson, who is a specialist on the turtles of the South China Sea and Vice Chairman of the SSC Turtle Group, attended the meeting and drafted the first version of the agreed statement, the opening paragraphs of which are quoted at the beginning of this article, and the recommendations for action – ‘the now attack’ – at the end.

A new record of the copepod Xanthocalanus agilis Giesbrecht, 1893 (Calanoida, Phaennidae) from the South China Sea

Crustaceana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 789-797
Author(s):  
Y. Z. Feng ◽  
Z. S. Liu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
The World

Abstract The genus Xanthocalanus inhabits the intermediate and deep waters of the world ocean. The present study records and describes the first female individual of Xanthocalanus agilis Giesbrecht, 1893, collected in the South China Sea (13°0.21′N 113°0.21′E) at depths of 500-800 m. This species was identified by the following morphological characteristics: (i) rostrum with 2 slender filaments; (ii) posterolateral corners of fifth thoracic somite protuberant and triangular, reaching the posterior margin of genital somite; (iii) first segment of fifth pereiopod (P5) with a list of inner marginal spinules, distal segment short with 3 robust terminal spines. This finding expands the known global and vertical distribution of X. agilis.

China’s Overrated Military Capabilities and Its Image Manipulation: A Japanese Perspective on the State of the South China Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 1650009
Author(s):  
MASAHIRO MATSUMURA
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The World ◽  
Japanese Perspective ◽  
Military Balance

China’s massive arms buildups have exerted overpowering psychological effects over Southeast Asian countries. Yet, the world suffers the dearth of objective assessment of China’s warfighting capabilities, and is only ill-informed with partial impressionistic evaluation thereof that is based on the quantity of major platforms and weapons. In fact, China itself appears to have emphasized its military power in that manner, greatly having influenced the world perception on regional military balance of power in favor of China. Here, a Japanese perspective is of growing importance particularly because Japan in tandem with the U.S. has begun playing a larger military role of checking China in the South China Sea. This paper is an attempt to appraise the capabilities based on Japanese-language open source analyses of Japanese non-governmental experts and distill the Japanese strategic thinking in contrast to the Chinese counterpart. It is hoped that this work will enable further in-depth discussion that is underpinned on a cultural-philosophic understanding.

scholarly journals THE SHIFT AND CONTINUITY OF THE PHILIPPINES� FOREIGN POLICY UNDER RODRIGO DUTERTE ON THE SOUTH CHINA SEA ISSUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennie Joyce Candice ◽  
Anak Agung Banyu Perwita
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South China ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
National Interests ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The World

The South China Sea (SCS) has become the largest and the crucial Sea Lanes of Communication (SLOCs) not only for Southeast Asia but also for the world. As one of the claimants of the South China Sea, Philippines were always and will always be trying to protect its national interests in the disputed waterways as part of its national territory. This article discusses about the shift and continuity of the Philippines� foreign policy on the South China Sea issue. It explicates the shift and continuity of Philippines foreign policy under Rodrigo Duterte to the South China Sea. A more focus elaboration will be devoted on how the Philippines implemented its foreign policy to deal with China in the South China Sea dispute.It argues that Duterte foreign policy to this delicate issue is always based on the strategic dynamic of its �two-level game� (domestic and international political stimuli) to its national interests.

scholarly journals Military Build-up in Southeast Asia and the South China Sea: How Relevant Are the Disputes with China?

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-591
Author(s):  
Bruno Hendler ◽  
André Luiz Cançado Motta
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The World

Abstract Abstract: The South China Sea (SCS) is one of the regions with the most dynamic and intense military activity in the world. This is largely due to commercial and political interests linked to the region, which is crucial for global maritime trade and rich in natural resources. China is the most interested party in the SCS, claiming 90% of its entire area, a portion referred to by Beijing as the “nine-dash line.” The present article seeks to analyse both quantitatively and qualitatively the influence of China on the military spending of four Southeast (SE) Asian countries that are also interested in the SCS: Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. For quantitative analysis, we used the data for military expenditure, armaments acquisition, the frequency and type of incidents involving national navies and/or civilians. For qualitative analysis, we retrieved information from hemerographic sources and official documents from the United States, China, SE Asian countries, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), and the World Bank (WB).

Correlations among seabed mega pockmark size, water depth, and gas volumes suggest formation by depressurization: A case study of the Reed Basin in the South China Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyin Wu ◽  
Dineng Zhao ◽  
Jieqiong Zhou ◽  
Xiaowen Luo ◽  
Jihong Shang
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Submarine Canyons ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Bathymetric Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Gas Explosions

<p>Pockmarks are relict seafloor geomorphological features formed by seepage of gas or fluid from the seabed. While seafloor pockmarks are widely distributed around the world, mega pockmarks with diameters > 1 km are rare, and their formation and maintenance mechanisms remain enigmatic. Using high-resolution multi-beam bathymetric data, this paper systematically identified mega pockmark groups in the southern depression of the Reed Basin in the South China Sea. Mega pockmarks of various shapes occur in groups in the Reed Basin, primarily along the sides of submarine canyons. Observed geomorphologic characteristics differ significantly from features reported in the published literature. Based on the collected data, the average ratio of pockmark depth to pockmark radius (d/r) is evaluated as ~0.3, which is consistent with analyses of additional pockmarks in 21 regions around the world. Our observations also agree with the previously reported generalization that small pockmarks are developed in shallow water and large pockmarks in deep water. We propose that pockmarks in the Reed Basin are formed by seafloor gas explosions. Widely developed carbonates store buried gas that continuously seeps along NE-SW trending faults. Cap layers are undercut by submarine canyons forming lines of mechanical weakness. During periods of rapid sea level fall, depressurization causes buried gas to be rapidly ejected along these lines, forming large pockmark groups. Because these results correlate easily observed bathymetric features to the presence of buried gas deposits, they have important implications for the exploration and research of deep-sea gas resources.</p><p></p>

scholarly journals SENGKETA LAUT CINA SELATAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Edmondus Sadesto Tandungan
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
China Sea ◽  
International Dispute ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Role

The South China Sea Region is one of the largest waters in the world and has a strategic role both in terms of economy, politics and security so as to make this region have great potential that can be utilized by countries around the region. The consequences of many interests in this region is potential conflict form many state. This article analyzes several disputes that occur in the South China Sea based on international law. The purpose of this article is to find out the steps taken by states to resolving these international legal disputes. Through the analysis in this article it was found that in the perspective of international law, the dispute over the South China Sea was sourced from differences of principles in determining maritime boundaries. The analysis of this article also found several steps and efforts that can be taken by the disputing countries to resolve the South China Sea dispute.Keywords : South China Sea; International Dispute; International Law

scholarly journals Treaty of Tordesillas Syndrome: Sovereignty ad Absurdum and the South China Sea Arbitration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R Rossi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
International Law ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The World

Cornell International Law Journal: Vol. 50 : No. 2 , Article 3. The South China Sea is the fifth largest body of water in the world. It accounts for five trillion dollars in annual commercial activity involving a third of maritime traffic worldwide. China claims wide-ranging sovereign rights over upwards of ninety percent of this Sea via a controversial U-shaped line. Its claim upsets regional stability and portends a coming conflict with the United States, the world's supreme maritime power, over the application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). China claims its sovereign authority predates UNCLOS by millennia; critics date China's claim to 1947. Already described as the most important ruling in the modem history of the international law of the sea, a Tribunal of the Permanent Court of Arbitration handed down a sweeping rebuke of China's contentions in the July 2016 Award in the South China Sea Arbitration (Philippines v. China), setting up a confrontation between emergent China and established United States. This Article discusses that Award in light of the fundamental tension within the liberal model of freedom of the seas-the unreconciled tension involving ownership interests over resources of the sea (dominium) and the decision-making power to rule over the seas (imperium). While scholarly attention dissects the Tribunal's discussion of historical and factual circumstances (effectivites) that aggregate against China's sovereignty claims, this Article notes deeper problems, too: Ambiguities in UNCLOS have allowed powerful states to historically territorialize wide swaths of the dwindling global commons, all within the compliant liberal framework. Such claims are reminiscent of the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), where Spain and Portugal divided up ownership of the world. The territorializing instinct of the Treaty of Tordesillas serves as a syndromic indicator of a recurring problem involving the sea and its increasingly scarce resources. It sets up a major challenge for international law as between superpower interests in the South China Sea, and, more generally, over disputes involving the global commons and spatial regimes on the emerging frontier of technological capability.

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