scholarly journals Avian responses to fragmentation of the Maulino Forest in central Chile

Oryx ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo M. Vergara ◽  
Javier A. Simonetti
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forests ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Maulino Forest

Depending on the mosaic of habitats that is created, forest fragmentation can reduce the abundance and diversity of forest birds. Temperate deciduous forests in South America are rapidly being replaced by pine plantations, causing changes in habitats for both breeding and migrant birds. We examined differences in avian species richness and abundance in three areas: a reserve with continuous tracts of native forest, forest fragments and pine plantations. Four species were negatively affected by fragmentation, with their abundance declining from continuous forest to pine plantations. Fourteen species were not affected by fragmentation and eight had significantly increased abundance in pine plantations compared to continuous forest. Overall abundance in pooled and ground/understorey birds was higher in forest fragments and pine plantations compared to continuous forest. The abundance of granivorous species was higher in the pine plantations than in the forest reserve, but the abundance of insectivorous species was higher in the forest reserve and in forest fragments than in pine plantations. Thus, forest fragmentation affects birds differentially according to their feeding ecology.

Nonconstituent species in soil seed banks as indicators of anthropogenic disturbance in forest fragments

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2300-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luxiang Lin ◽  
Min Cao ◽  
Yongtao He ◽  
Jerry M Baskin ◽  
Carol C Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Continuous Forest

Forest fragmentation is prevalent in regions with high human population density, but also with high biological diversity, such as southwestern China. Predicting potential changes in species composition in native forest ecosystems resulting from forest fragmentation is an important approach in assessing forest ecosystems and sustainable management of forests. The term nonconstituent species is proposed for plant species that occur in a natural landscape but are not native to it. We hypothesized that fragmentation of continuous forests significantly increases both the richness and the size of soil seed banks of nonconstituent species. To test our hypothesis we compared soil seed banks in three small fragments and one large tract of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. In total, 249 species were identified in all soil samples from the four sites. Nonconstituent species represented 36.4%–61.5% of the total taxa and 33.8%–59.6% of total germinants from soil samples in the three forest fragments, but only 3.7%–7.9% of total taxa and 7.5%–9.4% of total germinants from soil samples in the continuous forest tract. Both richness and size of soil seed banks of nonconstituent species were greater under forest fragments than under continuous forest. A majority of nonconstituent species were native weeds and annual herbs with wind-dispersed seeds; most were present in soil seed banks but not in aboveground vegetation. We suggest that nonconstituent species in soil seed banks could be used as an indicator species group for assessing human disturbance. If so, the richness and size of soil seed banks of nonconstituent species could play an important role in quantifying disturbance in forests.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis of Forest Fragmentation in the Atlantic Forest Bioma Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Juliana Marchesan ◽  
Rudiney Soares Pereira ◽  
Elisiane Alba ◽  
Letícia Daiane Pedrali
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
R Language

The goal of this work was to calculate landscape ecology metrics using the R language, allowing the analysis of forest fragments under the Atlantic Forest domain located in the sub-basin of Arroio Jaquirana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For the mapping of the forest fragments, we used images from the REIS/RapidEye sensor dated 2016, and the classification was supervised through the Bhattacharya algorithm. The fragments were analyzed in seven size classes, to separate them and to calculate the landscape metrics it was used R language. The results attained demonstrated that the native forest occupied 34.01% of the study area, covering a total of 1,995 fragments, of which 93.43% were less than 5 ha. The highest values of edge and perimeter-area ratio were found in the small fragments indicating a greater edge effect, with the central areas of these remnants being exposed to the external matrix effects. Thus, it is concluded that the Atlantic Forest is highly fragmented and is extremely important to establish measures to minimize the effects and/or increase the connectivity between the fragments through ecological corridors using the smaller fragments, in addition, it makes necessary the development of public policies and research for the management of the region in order to preserve the remnants.

Effects of forest fragmentation on frugivorous and nectarivorous bats in French Guiana

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Cosson ◽  
Jean-Marc Pons ◽  
Didier Masson
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Genetic Structures ◽  
And Control

The effects of tropical forest fragmentation on frugivorous and nectarivorous bats were studied on recent islands created by the flooding of a dam in French Guiana. Study sites include forest islands isolated by water, and control plots in nearby continuous forest. Studies began 1y before the onset of forest fragmentation and encompassed the first 3y after flooding. Forest fragmentation greatly modified the diversity and abundance of bats. Changes occurred more rapidly in the smallest fragments than in the largest one, and trends were remarkably similar among all the studied islands. Bat captures in islands were characterised by the scarcity of understorey frugivores. Differences in home range size and foraging strategies may explain why understorey fruit bat species are more sensitive to fragmentation than canopy ones. Changes in the frugivorous bat community may have indirect consequences on both the demographic and the genetic structures of plant populations inside forest fragments.

scholarly journals Decline in Aboveground Biomass Due to Fragmentation in Subtropical Forests of China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Chunyu Shen ◽  
Nannan Shi ◽  
Shenglei Fu ◽  
Wanhui Ye ◽  
Lei Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Biomass Storage ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fragmented Forests ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

Fragmentation has long been considered the primary cause for ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss worldwide. Forest fragmentation affects ecosystem functioning and biodiversity in multiple ways. Here, we ask how forest fragmentation influences aboveground biomass storage (AGB) in sub-tropical forests in China. We established 207 20 m × 20 m plots within 69 forest fragments of varying size. Forest fragmentation process simulation was carried out via repeated quadrat sampling using different sized quadrats in two non-fragmented stands. AGB was estimated and compared across forest fragments and quadrats with different sizes within two non-fragmented stands. Our results indicate that AGB is significantly lower in forest fragments than in quadrats within two non-fragmented forests. In addition, species richness and abundance were lower in fragmented stands, respectively. In fragmented forests, the average diameter at breast height (DBH) increased with decreasing patch size, while declined for non-fragmented plots. Species richness, abundance, and mean DBH have strongly positive effects on AGB. This was the case both in forest fragments and quadrats within two non-fragmented forests. Forest fragmentation leads to lower richness, lower abundance, and higher mean DBH in forest fragments than in the two non-fragmented forests. Our results suggest that forest fragmentation increases edge habitats, which drastically decreases forests aboveground biomass storage. These results show that land degradation not only reduces the area of forests, but also reduces the aboveground biomass carbon density of forests.

Continuous forest has greater taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic plant diversity than an adjacent naturally fragmented forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas ◽  
Selmy G. Jurado-Dzib ◽  
Candy R. Mezeta-Cob ◽  
Salvador Montiel ◽  
Armando Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity

Abstract:Several studies have evaluated the short-term effects of tropical forest fragmentation on plant taxonomic diversity, while only a few have evaluated its effects on functional or phylogenetic diversity. To our knowledge no study has looked at the long-term consequences of tropical forest fragmentation on the three main components of plant diversity simultaneously: taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. We sampled the vascular flora using belt transects (50 × 4 m) in a continuous tropical semi-evergreen forest (16 transects) and in an adjacent naturally fragmented forest (fragments of 1.7-My-old semi-evergreen forest immersed in a mangrove/sedge matrix) (18 transects), and compared their taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic plant diversity. There were 36 species in the continuous forest and 28 in the fragmented forest. Continuous forest was taxonomically more diverse (25%) than the fragmented forest. All functional diversity metrics were greater (6–33%) in the continuous than in the fragmented forest. Phylogenetic diversity was 19% greater and phylogenetically more overdispersed in the continuous forest than in the fragmented forest. The results suggest that in the fragmented forest not only is taxonomic plant diversity lower, but functional and phylogenetic diversity are as well. The negative effects of forest fragmentation on plant diversity seem to be chronic.

scholarly journals Effects of Forest Fragmentation on the Vertical Stratification of Neotropical Bats

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Silva ◽  
Ricardo Rocha ◽  
Adrià López-Baucells ◽  
Fábio Z. Farneda ◽  
Christoph F. J. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Stratification ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Forest Strata ◽  
Neotropical Bats ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus

Vertical stratification is a key component of the biological complexity of rainforests. Understanding community- and species-level responses to disturbance across forest strata is paramount for evidence-based conservation and management. However, even for bats, known to extensively explore multiple layers of the complex three-dimensional forest space, studies are biased towards understory-based surveys and only few assessments of vertical stratification were done in fragmented landscapes. Using both ground and canopy mist-nets, we investigated how the vertical structure of bat assemblages is influenced by forest fragmentation in the experimentally fragmented landscape of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Central Amazon, Brazil. Over a three year-period, we captured 3077 individuals of 46 species in continuous forest (CF) and in 1, 10 and 100 ha forest fragments. In both CF and forest fragments, the upper forest strata sustained more diverse bat assemblages than the equivalent understory layer, and the midstory layers had significantly higher bat abundance in fragments than in CF. Artibeus lituratus and Rhinophylla pumilio exhibited significant shifts in their vertical stratification patterns between CF and fragments (e.g., R. pumilio was more associated with the upper strata in fragments than in CF). Altogether, our study suggests that fragmentation modulates the vertical stratification of bat assemblages.

scholarly journals Bird species that occupy river edge in continuous forest tend to be less sensitive to forest fragmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-186
Author(s):  
Barbara Rocha Arakaki Lindsey ◽  
Gabriela Menezes Bochio ◽  
Luiz dos Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Edge Habitat ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractAlong a distance gradient from a given river, two types of habitat can be recognized: natural river edge and forest interior, each one with its own vegetation characteristics and dynamics. In a continuous area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, we investigated (1) if bird communities are different between a riverbank of a small stream and an inland forest habitat; (2) if the species of the river edge habitat are the ones that persist in the most in forest fragments after deforestation of a continuous forest; (3) if the river edge habitat species are those that are less sensitive to forest fragmentation. It is expected that there are differences in the bird communities and the occupancy of some species between the two habitats. We allocated 16 sampling points in each of the habitats and sampled the birds by point counts with a short radius of 30 m. Results suggest that there is a significant difference between the composition of the bird communities of the river edge and forest interior habitats, although the species richness is similar. Six species were more likely to occupy the river edge and 14 species had a greater probability of occupancy in the forest interior. Species associated with the river edge habitat (15 species) tend not to be sensitive to forest fragmentation (12 species). In this study, we demonstrated that river-border species of continuous forest areas form a significant part of the bird communities that persist in small forest fragments, with intense edge effect. This shows that not all forest edge species are the result of the colonization from open areas. Congruently, species that occupy the most distant areas from the river vegetation in a continuous forest are those more sensitive to forest fragmentation.

scholarly journals Orchid Bees of forest fragments in Southwestern Amazonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Storck-Tonon ◽  
Elder Ferreira Morato ◽  
Antonio Willian Flores de Melo ◽  
Marcio Luiz de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Euglossine Bees ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Southwestern Amazonia

Bees of the tribe Euglossini are known as orchid-bees. In general, areas with more vegetation cover have greater abundance and diversity of these bees. This study investigated the effects of forest fragmentation on assemblages of the euglossine bees in the region of Rio Branco municipality, State of Acre, and surrounding areas. Ten forest fragments with varying sizes were selected for the study and were classified as urban or rural. The bees were sampled between December 2005 and August 2006. A total of 3,675 bees in 36 species and 4 genera were collected. In general abundance and richness of bees did not differ statistically between urban and rural fragments. The index of edge in fragments was a predictor of richness and diversity of bees. The connectivity estimated was also an adequate predictor for richness. Fragments with greater similarity in relation to their landscape structure were also more similar in relation to faunal composition.

scholarly journals Effects of fragmentation on Thamnophilus stictocephalus (aves, Thamnophilidae) in semideciduous forest of Alter-do-Chão, Pará

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Dantas ◽  
T. M. Sanaiotti ◽  
A. L. K. M. Albernaz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Fragment Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Biomass Density ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Fragmentation Processes

Effects of fragmentation on biodiversity have received much attention in recent decades, as fragmentation can greatly reduce viable areas for living organisms. We studied its effect on Thamnophilus stictocephalus (Thamnophilidae), an understory bird, in semideciduous forest fragments in Alter-do-Chão, Santarém, Pará. We tested whether the density of Thamnophilus stictocephalus was a function of fragment size and shape, density of vegetation, or arthropod biomass. Density of Thamnophilus was positively related to fragment size, but not to the other factors analyzed. Arthropod biomass was positively related to fragment size. The density of T. stictocephalus in fragments was significantly higher than it was in continuous forest. Fragmentation processes had a pronounced effect on the relative density of T. stictocephalus.

Can Eucalyptus invade native forest fragments close to commercial stands?

2011 ◽  
Vol 261 (11) ◽  
pp. 2075-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Muller da Silva ◽  
Fabio Poggiani ◽  
Alexandre Magno Sebbenn ◽  
Edson Seizo Mori
Keyword(s):  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments
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