scholarly journals Avoiding conflicts and protecting coral reefs: customary management benefits marine habitats and fish biomass

Oryx ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Campbell ◽  
Joshua E. Cinner ◽  
Rizya L. Ardiwijaya ◽  
Shinta Pardede ◽  
Tasrif Kartawijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Customary Management

AbstractOne of the major goals of coral reef conservation is to determine the most effective means of managing marine resources in regions where economic conditions often limit the options available. For example, no-take fishing areas can be impractical in regions where people rely heavily on reef fish for food. In this study we test whether coral reef health differed among areas with varying management practices and socio-economic conditions on Pulau Weh in the Indonesian province of Aceh. Our results show that gear restrictions, in particular prohibiting the use of nets, were successful in minimizing habitat degradation and maintaining fish biomass despite ongoing access to the fishery. Reef fish biomass and hard-coral cover were two- to eight-fold higher at sites where fishing nets were prohibited. The guiding principle of the local customary management system, Panglima Laot, is to reduce conflict among community members over access to marine resources. Consequently, conservation benefits in Aceh have arisen from a customary system that lacks a specific environmental ethic or the means for strong resource-based management. Panglima Laot includes many of the features of successful institutions, such as clearly defined membership rights and the opportunity for resource users to be involved in making, enforcing and changing the rules. Such mechanisms to reduce conflict are the key to the success of marine resource management, particularly in settings that lack resources for enforcement.

scholarly journals Kelimpahan dan Biomassa Ikan Karang Famili Scaridae pada Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Perairan Pulau Kembar, Karimunjawa, Jepara

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Fran Ciputra Tambunan ◽  
Munasik Munasik ◽  
Agus Trianto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
The Family ◽  
Coral Fish ◽  
Hard Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

ABSTRAK : Ikan kakatua merupakan salah satu ikan karang yang dapat membantu kehidupan pada ekosistem terumbu karang. Scaridae mengumpulkan berbagai spesies ganggang dengan cara memakan algae pendek yang menutupi substrat karang sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan terumbu karang. Sebaran Scaridae sangat ditentukan oleh kondisi dan variasi habitat terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan dan biomassa dari ikan Famili Scaridae. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2018 di Perairan Pulau Kembar, Karimunjawa, Jepara. Pengambilan data  ikan karang menggunakan metode UVC dan data substrat terumbu karang diambil menggunakan metode LIT sepanjang 100 meter sejajar garis pantai dengan pengamatan pada dua kedalaman yaitu 3m dan 10m. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan 11.459 individu yang termasuk dalam 49 spesies ikan karang yang berasal dari 14 famili. Ikan karang dari Famili Scaridae ditemukan sebanyak 1059 individu yang termasuk dalam 4 spesies ikan karang yang berasal dari 2 genus. Nilai kelimpahan ikan karang dari Famili Scaridae berkisar antara 48 hingga 204 ind/500m2, kelimpahan terendah berada pada stasiun 1 dan tertinggi berada di stasiun 3.  Nilai biomassa ikan karang dari Famili Scaridae berkisar antara 219,7–2491,7 kg/ha, biomassa terendah berada pada stasiun 1 dan tertinggi berada di stasiun 3.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahawa Pengaruh tutupan karang keras hidup sangat berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan dan biomassa ikan karang dari Famili Scaridae. ABSTRACT : Parrot fish is one of the reef fish that can help life on the coral reef ecosystem. Scaridae collect various species of algae by eating short algae that cover the coral substrate so that it can affect the growth of coral reefs. Scaridae distribution is highly determined by the condition and variety of coral reef habitats. This study aims to examine the abundance and biomass of Scaridae Family fish. The study was conducted in October 2018 in the waters of the Kembar Islands, Karimunjawa, Jepara. Retrieval of reef fish data using UVC method and coral reef substrate data were taken using the LIT method along 100 meters along the coastline with observations at two depths in 3m and 10. Based on the results, 11,459 individuals were included in 49 species of reef fish originating from 14 families. Coral fish from the Family Scaridae were found as many as 1059 individuals included in 4 species of reef fish originating from 2 genera. The value of coral fish abundance from the Scaridae Family ranges from 48 to 204 ind / 500m2, the lowest abundance is at station 1 and the highest is at station 3. The reef fish biomass value of the Scaridae Family ranges from 219.7 - 2491.7 kg / ha, biomass the lowest is at station 1 and the highest is at station 3. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the effect of live hard coral cover is very influential on the abundance and biomass of reef fish from the Scaridae Family.

scholarly journals CONDITION OF CORAL AND REEF FISH IN THE LOCATION OF FISH CATCHING USING DYNAMITE FISHING IN KAPOPOSANG WATER PARK AND THE SURROUNDING SEA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mahmudin Mahmudin ◽  
Chair Rani ◽  
Hamzah Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystem ◽  
Control Location ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
Reef Ecosystem

Dynamite fishing is one of the causes of damage to the coral reef ecosystem in Indonesia. Fishing activities using explosives (dynamite fishing) occur because of the desire of fishermen to get a lot of catch with low cost in a short time. Kapoposang Water Park (WP) is a region rich in marine biological resources. However, dynamite fishing activities which are still found within the area have caused the coral reef ecosystem to be severely damaged. The results showed a lower difference in the percentage of live coral cover at dynamite fishing locations (DF1, DF2) compared to control locations (K1, K2). In addition, the highest average values of coral fish abundance were found at locations K1, DF1, and DF2. Conversely, the results of the analysis found the lowest fish abundance at the K2 location. Different from the average number of reef fish species that were higher at the control location (K1, K2) compared to dynamite fishing locations (DF1, DF2). For the target fish biomass there is no real difference between the control location and dynamite fishing.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman dan Biomassa Ikan Karang serta Keterkaitannya dengan Tutupan Karang Hidup di Perairan Manggis, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
I Made Raditya Putra ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Putra Dirgayusa ◽  
Elok Faiqoh
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Living Coral ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Live Coral Cover

The existence of coral reef fish is closely related to the availability of coral reef resource as a habitat. Coral reef fish is a biota that has a fascination with a variety of color patterns and fascinating. Differences in coral cover conditions will affect the abundance of coral reef fish, especially those with strong linkages to living corals. This research was conducted in June - August 2017 by using line intercept transect (LIT) method for coral cover percentage and visual census method for biodiversity and biomass of coral reef fish with 3 research stations in Manggis waters, Karangasem. From the research results, it shows that the diversity index ranged between 2.54 - 2.70 which means the diversity of coral reef fish in the medium category and the stability of the community is in the medium. Furthermore, total biomass of coral reef fish ranged between 186,17 - 1692,08 kg / ha. The results stated that the percentage of live coral cover in Manggis waters ranged from 3.83% to 12.44% which means that live coral cover is categorized as bad. A very strong positive correlation between living coral conditions and coral reef fish biomass was 92.42%. Meanwhile, the relationship between living coral conditions and the diversity of coral reef fish had a strong positive correlation of 65.4%. The diversity of coral reef fish in waters is not only caused by live coral cover; however, it is caused by coral reef ecosystems that are associated in the bottom of the waters.

scholarly journals DNA-based identification of predators of the corallivorous Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) from fish faeces and gut contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederieke J. Kroon ◽  
Carine D. Lefèvre ◽  
Jason R. Doyle ◽  
Frances Patel ◽  
Grant Milton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Reef Fish Species

Abstract The corallivorous Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (CoTS, Acanthaster spp.) has been linked with the widespread loss of scleractinian coral cover on Indo-Pacific reefs during periodic population outbreaks. Here, we re-examine CoTS consumption by coral reef fish species by using new DNA technologies to detect Pacific Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) in fish faecal and gut content samples. CoTS DNA was detected in samples from 18 different coral reef fish species collected on reefs at various stages of CoTS outbreaks in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, nine of which had not been previously reported to feed on CoTS. A comprehensive set of negative and positive control samples confirmed that our collection, processing and analysis procedures were robust, although food web transfer of CoTS DNA cannot be ruled out for some fish species. Our results, combined with the (i) presence of CoTS spines in some samples, (ii) reported predation on CoTS gametes, larvae and settled individuals, and (iii) known diet information for fish species examined, strongly indicate that direct fish predation on CoTS may well be more common than is currently appreciated. We provide recommendations for specific management approaches to enhance predation on CoTS by coral reef fishes, and to support the mitigation of CoTS outbreaks and reverse declines in hard coral cover.

scholarly journals Associated Of Coral Reef With Reef Fish In Northern And Southern Gili Air Island And Gili Trawangan Island Lombok

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 04003
Author(s):  
Trisna Wahyu A P ◽  
Helmi Mubarak ◽  
Damar Lazuardy Rolian ◽  
Hanson Geraldi Pardede ◽  
Prabowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
A Value ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems

Damage to coral reef ecosystems is a major problem on the islands of Gili Air and Gili Trawangan. This will have an impact on the presence of reef fish in the area. This study aims to look how much relation caused by associated between live coral cover and reef fish in Gili Air and Gili Trawangan island.. This research method using Line Intersept Transect (LIT), Underwater Visual Census and simple linear regression analysis to know the relation. The percentage of coral cover on Gili Air Island and Gili Trawangan Island on reef flats (1-5 m) is 11.75% and 11.67% respectively, on the reef slopes (6-10 m) the percentage is 50.4% and 48.9%. In addition we observed the existence of 11 families reef fish. The abundance of reef fish on Gili Air and Gili Trawangan islands on reefs flat with an average of 0,406 ind / m2 and 0,137 ind / m2, on the reef slope on average - respectively 0,434 ind / m2 and 0,274 ind / m2. The determinant value in Southern part of both island indicates a value close to +1 and in Northern part of both island indicates a value close to -1.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PERSENTASE TUTUPAN KARANG DENGAN KELIMPAHAN IKAN KARANG DI PULAU MENJANGAN KECIL, KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA, KABUPATEN JEPARA,JAWA TENGAH (Relationship of Coral Cover Percentage with Reef Fishes Abundance in Menjangan Kecil Island, Karimunjawa Island, Jepara)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Fahmi Fahmi ◽  
Supriharyono Supriharyono ◽  
Abdul Ghofar
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
East Side ◽  
Visual Census ◽  
West Side

Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan kekayaan sumberdaya laut yang memiliki peranan penting dalam mendukung kehidupan berbagai organisme perairan. Salah satu organisme yang memiliki ketergantungan hidup pada terumbu karang adalah ikan karang. Hal ini dikarenakan ikan karang melalui fase hidup sebagian atau seluruhnya di terumbu karang, sehingga terumbu karang menjadi tempat tinggal, tempat mencari makan, tempat berlindung dan tempat berkembang biak.  Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2017, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui persentase tutupan karang hidup dan kelimpahan ikan. Serta hubungan persentase tutupan karang dengan kelimpahan ikan karang pada sisi Barat dan Timur Pulau Menjangan Kecil kedalaman 1 dan 3 meter. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode observasi lapangan, dengan metode sampling menggunakan transek garis (line transect) pada data karang dan visual census untuk data ikan sepanjang 25m. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Persentase rata-rata tutupan karang yang diperoleh pada kedalaman 1 meter sisi Barat adalah 73,39%, sedangkan pada kedalaman 3 meter adalah 85,97%. Persentase tutupan karang pada kedalaman 1 meter sisi Timur adalah 63,73%, sedangkan pada kedalaman 3 meter adalah 77,61%. Secara keseluruhan kondisi terumbu karang masih tergolong baik. Kelimpahan rata-rata ikan pada sisi Barat kedalaman 1 meter adalah 70 individu/125 m2, sedangkan pada kedalaman 3 meter adalah 232 individu/125 m2. Kelimpahan ikan sisi Timur kedalaman 1 dan 3 meter masing-masing adalah 49 dan 138 individu/125 m2. Hasil perhitungan indeks korelasi secara keseluruhan menghasilkan nilai 0,8415 dengan koefesien determinasi sebesar 0,7081. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pola hubungan persentase tutupan karang dengan kelimpahan ikan karang kuat (signifikan) dan positif (searah). Coral reef ecosystem is a wealth of marine resources that have an important role in supporting the life of various aquatic organisms. One of the organisms that has a living dependence on coral reefs is reef fish. This is because coral fish through a partial or complete life phase on the coral reef, so that coral reefs become a place to live, a place to find food, shelter and breeding ground. The study was conducted in May 2017, with the objective of knowing the percentage of live coral cover and fish abundance. And the correlation of percentage of coral cover with abundance of reef fish on West and East side of Menjangan Kecil Island depth of 1 and 3 meters. The method used is field observation method, with sampling method using line transect on coral data and visual census for fish data along 25m. The results of this study indicate that the average percentage of coral cover obtained at a depth of 1 meter west side is 73.39%, while at a depth of 3 meters is 85.97%. The percentage of coral cover at depth of 1 meter East side is 63,73%, while at depth 3 meter is 77,61%. Overall the condition of coral reefs is still quite good. The average abundance of fish on the west side of 1 meter depth is 70 individuals / 125 m2, while at 3 meters depth is 232 individuals / 125 m2. The abundance of fish on Eastern side, depth of 1 and 3 meters respectively were 49 and 138 individu / 125 m2. Result of calculation of correlation index as a whole yield value 0,8415 with coefficient of determination equal to 0,7081. This shows that the pattern of correlation of percentage of coral cover with abundance of reef fish is strong (significant) and positive (unidirectional).

scholarly journals Conservation status of fish and marine invertebrate of rocky reefs and sandy substrates in two unprotected bays of the Papagayo Gulf, Costa Rica

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keilor Enrique Cordero Umaña ◽  
Pilár Santidrián Tomillo
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Trophic Group ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Rocky Reefs ◽  
Marine Habitats

Introduction: North Pacific Costa Rica is generally considered rich in marine habitats and species. However, some areas are subject to fishing pressures that could degrade ecosystems. The Gulf of Papagayo comprises protected and unprotected areas with various degrees of impact. Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the conservation status of fish and invertebrate communities in rocky reefs and sandy areas in two unprotected bays of the Gulf of Papagayo. Methods: The study was conducted at Cabuyal and Zapotillal Bays, south of Santa Rosa National Park. From December 2017 to April 2018, a total of thirty-five transects were done parallel to the coast at 3-10 m depth. We identified fish and invertebrate species and estimated biomass by trophic group in fish, and density in invertebrates. Results: We found a high number of species of fish (81) and invertebrates (70) in rocky reefs, which indicates a biodiverse ecosystem, but few species of fish in sandy areas.  Species composition differed between the two bays. Density of juvenile fishes was high in Zapotillal Bay, suggesting that the area could be important for recruitment and breeding.  Fish biomass was higher in sandy areas than in rocky reefs and all trophic groups had lower biomass than in other unprotected areas of the region. On average, reef fish biomass was 1.57 ± 0.67 (s.e.) t ha-1, similar to previous reports for Costa Rican North Pacific. By trophic group, piscivorous and planktivorous had the highest biomass in sandy areas and piscivorous and carnivorous in rocky reefs. Mean coral cover was low with 4.09 % ± 2.51 (s.e.), similar to previously reported for the region. Conclusions: Cabuyal and Zapotillal Bays in the Gulf of Papagayo are biodiverse in fish and invertebrates. However, the area may be impacted by local fisheries and other human activities, affecting fish and invertebrate populations, and coral formations. Our study fills some gaps in knowledge of marine biodiversity in the Gulf of Papagayo that can contribute to the conservation of marine life in North Pacific Costa Rica.

scholarly journals Benthic structure drives butterflyfish species composition and trophic group abundance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Barbosa ◽  
Neil Coupland ◽  
Clara Douglas ◽  
Ellen Harrison ◽  
Kelly M James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Fish Diversity ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Benthic Composition

Corals provide structure and food sources vital for the maintenance of coral reef fish diversity. However, coral reefs are currently under threat from climate change, which has led to the largest recorded loss of live coral. The loss of live coral, and corresponding shift in reef benthic composition, are predicted to impact the abundance and composition of coral reef fish species and communities. In this study, we investigate the effect of changes in reef benthic composition (eg. live coral, dead coral, algae), on the diversity and composition in an assemblage of butterflyfish species, in Faafu Atoll in the Maldives after the 2016 bleaching event. We show that differences in community composition of butterflyfish are associated to benthic structure, reflecting species feeding preferences. Interestingly, however, we also show that lower coral cover is not associated to lower abundance and species richness of butterflyfish. Our results suggest that maintenance of coral reef structure after a disturbance provides key microhabitats to accommodate non-corallivorous butterflyfish, thus maintaining abundance and species richness. Overall our study provides support for regulation of richness and abundance of coral reef fish assemblages to short term changes in coral reef benthic composition after disturbance via turnover in composition.

scholarly journals Coral reef fish assemblages at Clipperton Atoll (Eastern Tropical Pacific) and their relationship with coral cover

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora M. Ricart ◽  
Fabián A. Rodríguez-Zaragoza ◽  
Carlos González-Salas ◽  
Marco Ortiz ◽  
Amílcar L. Cupul-Magaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Coral Reef Fish ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Live Coral ◽  
Assemblage Composition ◽  
Live Coral Cover

Clipperton Atoll, one of the most isolated coral reefs worldwide, is of great scientific interest due to its geomorphology and high levels of endemism. This study explored the reef fish assemblage structure of Clipperton Atoll and its relationship with live coral cover. Nine stations were sampled at three sites and three depths (6, 12 and 20 m) around the reef, measuring fish species richness and biomass and hermatypic coral cover (at genus level). We evaluated variation in species richness, biomass and diversity of fish assemblages among sites and depths, as well as the relationship between the entire fish assemblage composition and live coral cover. The results showed that species richness and biomass were similar among sites, but differed across depths, increasing with depth. In contrast, diversity differed among sites but not among depths. Multivariate analyses indicated that fish assemblage composition differed among sites and depths in relation to changes in cover of coral of the genera Pocillopora, Porites, Pavona and Leptoseris, which dominate at different depths. The results showed that fish species richness and diversity were low at Clipperton Atoll and that, in isolated coral reefs with a low habitat heterogeneity and low human disturbance, live coral cover has a significant influence on the spatial variation of the reef fish assemblages. This study highlights the importance of coral habitat structure in shaping coral reef fish assemblages.

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