Impact of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda) on the serum albumin and amino acid concentrations of rats fed adequate or protein-deficient diets

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Ash ◽  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
P. G. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Serum Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Food intake, body weight changes, serum protein and amino acid concentrations were measured during the course of primary infections of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats fed on either a 2% protein (casein) diet or a 16% protein diet (Oxoid 41 B). Total serum protein concentration declined from 77·84±5·35 mg/ml in uninfected well-nourished rats to 54±3·29 mg/ml in rats at 9 days post-infection (p.i.). A reduction from 47·80±2·78 to 40·38±5·62 mg/ml had occurred in protein-malnourished rats by day 6 p.i. The hypoproteinaemia was accompanied by significant hypoalbuminaemia in the protein-malnourished rats and concentrations fell from approximately 33 to 19 mg/ml at the time of peak infection. Six days after inoculation, a significant increase was detected in the concentration of serum amino acids in both well-nourished and protein-malnourished rats; the effect was more prolonged for non-essential than for essential amino acids. The results are discussed briefly in relation to recent work on the control of protein metabolism during malnutrition.

Effects of intramammary arterial infusion of essential amino acids in the lactating goat

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Linzell ◽  
T. B. Mepham
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

SummaryExperiments were performed on 3 lactating goats, in which mammary arterial plasma amino-acid concentrations were elevated by the infusion of a solution of essential amino-acids into the carotid artery supplying a transplanted mammary gland. In 2 experiments there were marked elevations in the arterial concentrations of most essential amino acids, but in one case only did this result in significantly increased uptake of amino acids by the gland, the arterio-venous difference being significantly correlated with arterial concentration for all except one amino acid. In the experiment in which increased amino-acid uptake was observed, infusion also resulted in a significantly increased milk yield and increased milk protein yield. The results are discussed in relation to data from other laboratories and lead to the suggestion that milk protein synthesis may be limited by the availability of either methionine or tryptophan.

scholarly journals The relationship between an elevated serum amino acid ratio and the development of other biological abnormalities in the experimentally malnourished pig

1969 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Grimble ◽  
R. G. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Total Calorie ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deficient Group

1. Weanling pigs were fed under three dietary regimens, control, low protein and total calorie restricted.2. In the protein-deficient group the amino acid ratio did not start to become elevated until growth was impaired and total serum protein and albumin concentration began to fall.3. In the protein-deficient group, but not in the control or undernourished animals, the magnitude of the ratio was statistically correlated with the rate of growth, appetite, serum protein and albumin concentration and hydroxyproline excretion.4. The results provide information on the relationship between the serum amino acid ratio and nutritional status.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY UREA LEVEL ON AMINO ACID CONCENTRATIONS IN RUMINANT TISSUES

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. SALEM ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
G. D. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

The effects of a semipurified diet containing 0 (0% urea-N diet), 50 (39% urea-N diet), or 100% (76% urea-N diet) of added dietary nitrogen (N) as urea on the amino acid concentrations in ruminant tissues was investigated. Three rumen-fistulated bull calves averaging 240 kg were used in a latin square design. The calves were fed using a continuous feeder to provide 7 kg of feed daily. Each experimental period of the latin square was 40 days divided into four 10-day intervals. Liver samples were obtained on the 9th day of each 10-day interval and rumen epithelium and rumen microorganisms were obtained on the 10th day of each 10-day interval. Blood samples were collected on the 6th, 8th, and 10th day of each 10-day interval for the determination of plasma amino acid patterns as well as the amino acid concentrations in the tissues. Plasma amino acid patterns indicated that when the 76% urea-N diet was fed the levels of aspartic acid, citrulline, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline were increased. Most of the essential amino acids were decreased on the 76% urea-N diet as compared with the 0% urea-N diet. All amino acids of rumen microorganisms were increased on the 39% urea-N diet with the exception of arginine, lysine, and threonine, which decreased slightly or did not show any change. Most amino acids were lower on the 76% urea-N diet as compared with the 39% or 0% urea-N diets. All essential amino acids measured in the liver were reduced on the 76% urea-N diet. Cystine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, tryptophan, and valine were also reduced on the 39% urea-N diet. In rumen epithelium, there was a reduction of the essential amino acids and an increase of the nonessential amino acids on the 76% urea-N diet.

ALTERATIONS IN BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN PROGRESSIVE PROTEIN MALNUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-743
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
H. Peter Chase ◽  
Keith Hammond ◽  
Donough O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Protein Deprivation ◽  
Biochemical Tests

The effects of progressive protein deprivation have been studied in the monkey to determine which laboratory tests are affected early and which laboratory tests reflect the severity of protein deprivation. BUN levels and serum amylase activity were significantly reduced after 2 weeks, and hematocrit values after 4 weeks of protein deprivation. They continued to be decreased in poorly nourished animals thereafter, but did not reflect progressive protein deprivation. Total serum protein, albumin, and transferrin were affected later in the course of protein deprivation and appeared to reflect the severity of deprivation. Five of seven measured essential amino acids showed statistically significant reductions in serum concentrations after 8 weeks of low protein diet but did not show further diminution after 14 weeks. The ratio of nonessential to essential serum amino acids was also increased after 8 weeks of protein deprivation but was not further decreased after 14 weeks. Serum alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels were variable throughout the 20 weeks of deprivation and did not appear to be good screening tests for protein malnutrition.

Effects of intramammary arterial infusion of non-essential amino acids and glucose in the lactating goat

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Mepham ◽  
J. L. Linzell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

SummaryThree experiments were carried out on 2 lactating goats, in which mammary arterial plasma amino-acid concentrations were elevated by the infusion of a solution of non-essential amino acids into a carotid artery supplying a transplanted mammary gland. In a fourth experiment a solution of glucose was similarly infused. In some cases the increased arterial concentrations of amino acids resulted in their increased mammary uptake, and in a depression of glucose uptake. However, infusions of neither amino acids nor glucose resulted in increased milk protein yield. Infusion of [U-14C]glutamic acid in one experiment demonstrated gluconeogenesis from glutamate carbon within the mammary gland. The results are discussed in relation to data obtained in another laboratory, from which it has been claimed that non-essential amino acid supply may limit milk protein synthesis. The present results provide no confirmation for the claim.

EFFECTS OF VARYING DIETARY ENERGY, PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID LEVELS ON GROWTH, NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY, AND SERUM PROTEIN LEVELS OF EARLY WEANED PIGS

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Standish ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Protein Levels

Fifteen rations formulated by a factorial arrangement of 3 fat and 5 protein treatments were fed to non-castrate crossbred pigs from 3 to 9 weeks of age. Levels of 0, 4, and 8% fat and 12, 16, and 20% crude protein, and 12 and 16% crude protein with supplemental lysine and methionine to equal that present in the 20% protein diet were fed. Each increment of protein resulted in increased rate of gain. The amino acid supplemented 16% protein ration supported as rapid gain and as efficient utilization of feed as did the 20% ration. Feed intake and efficiency of feed utilization were improved as protein was raised from 12 to 16% and when lysine and methionine were added to the rations. Fat levels were not found to affect rate of gain, feed intake or efficiency of feed utilization. Apparent digestibility of nitrogen was higher in the 20% protein ration than the 12 or 16% protein rations and was also found to increase when amino acids were added to the low protein rations. More of the apparent digestible nitrogen was retained from the amino acid-supplemented rations. Increasing fat levels were found to reduce: the total serum protein levels in gilts but not in boars.

scholarly journals The effect of an oral glucose load on serum free amino acid concentrations in children before and after treatment for kwashiorkor

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Grimble ◽  
R. G. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Substrate Limitation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

1. The mechanisms by which an oral dose of glucose can stimulate the uptake of essential amino acids from serum was found to be operative even in children with severe, untreated kwashiorkor.2. Although the percentage fall in the concentration of the essential amino acids in response to glucose was the same before and after treatment, the absolute fall was greater on discharge. The results indicated that the magnitude of this fall might depend on the initial fasting concentration of each individual amino acid.3. These results have been discussed on the basis of possible long-term pathological effects of a distorted serum amino acid pattern typified by low concentrations of valine, leucine and threonine. The protein-sparing action of carbohydrate, achieved by the preferential synthesis of muscle protein in response to insulin secretion, might be less effective because of substrate limitation.4. Of the non-essential amino acids, the concentrations of alanine and glycine also fell markedly before treatment, but this did not occur on discharge. The significance of this difference is also discussed.5. The results also indicate that slightly high, spurious amino acid ratios can be obtained if a child is given a drink containing sugar before a blood sample is taken.

scholarly journals Nutritional aspects of amino acid metabolism

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Bloxam
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Extrahepatic Tissues ◽  
D Values ◽  
Liver Changes ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

1. Concentrations of the amino acids in the plasma of blood from the portal vein and hepatic vein and in the liver of fed rats and rats starved for 1 d or 3 d were measured. The 1 d values were compared with the equilibrium concentrations of the amino acids found in the perfusion medium during perfusion of livers from rats starved for 1 d.2. The measurements of portal–venous differences in amino acid concentrations confirmed the idea that postprandially and during starvation most of the amino acids flow from extrahepatic tissues to the liver but also showed that during starvation tryptophan, cystine, ornithine, valine, leucinc and isoleucine flow in the opposite direction, from liver to extrahepatic tissues.3. The blood levels of the non-essential amino acids fell markedly during starvation while those of the essential ones tended to be maintained. This contrasts with the pattern of changes known to take place in rats and man given low-protein diets. In the liver, changes in amino acid concentrations were generally related to those in the blood but not strictly parallel. The relative changes in amino acid concentrations in blood and liver indicate that as starvation progresses the concentrative ability of the liver is enhanced for most of the amino acids which are taken up and that the increased output of those which are released is also due to changed membrane transport.4. The changes in plasma amino acid concentrations in the blood passing through livers of rats starved for 1 d were, except for tryptophan and perhaps cystine, consistent with the extracellular changes found during perfusion of livers form rats straved for 1 d, indicating that the perfused liver influences concentrations of extracellular amino acids substantially as it does in vivo.5. The results suggest of mechanism wherby the liver may control the maintenance of the essential amino acids during starvation.

Age-related changes in serum amino acids concentrations in healthy individuals

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori Kouchiwa ◽  
Keiko Wada ◽  
Mari Uchiyama ◽  
Nobuhiko Kasezawa ◽  
Mitsuko Niisato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Serum Amino Acids ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

AbstractSerum amino acids, part of a pool of free amino acids, are influenced by metabolism and disease. Few reports exist describing their function and concentrations in serum. Our study aimed to determine age- and gender-related differences in serum amino acid concentrations in healthy Japanese patients, focusing on their inclusion in body proteins.Healthy patients with normal liver and kidney function were selected based on biochemical variables. Serum amino acid concentrations in 23–88-year-old patients (312 males, 252 females; 52.1±15.0 years) were evaluated to determine the normal values and to clarify the differences in concentration. The patients were divided into 11 groups according to their gender and age (in 5-year increments), and serum amino acid concentrations were determined as the normal values for each group.Some amino acids increased or decreased with age. Values of leucine, threonine, methionine, histidine, glycine, serine and taurine decreased with age in males, whereas, those of threonine and serine decreased with age in females (p<0.05). In contrast, values of phenylalanine, aspartate, asparagine, glutamate, alanine, citrulline, ornithine, arginine and tyrosine increased with age in males, whereas, values of phenylalanine, lysine, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, alanine, citrulline, ornithine, arginine, tyrosine and proline increased with age in females (p<0.05).We clarified basic trends of age- and gender-related amino acid concentrations in serum. In normal healthy Japanese people who ate normally and lived an independent life, there are significant age- and gender-related differences.

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