ALTERATIONS IN BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN PROGRESSIVE PROTEIN MALNUTRITION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-743
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
H. Peter Chase ◽  
Keith Hammond ◽  
Donough O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Protein Deprivation ◽  
Biochemical Tests

The effects of progressive protein deprivation have been studied in the monkey to determine which laboratory tests are affected early and which laboratory tests reflect the severity of protein deprivation. BUN levels and serum amylase activity were significantly reduced after 2 weeks, and hematocrit values after 4 weeks of protein deprivation. They continued to be decreased in poorly nourished animals thereafter, but did not reflect progressive protein deprivation. Total serum protein, albumin, and transferrin were affected later in the course of protein deprivation and appeared to reflect the severity of deprivation. Five of seven measured essential amino acids showed statistically significant reductions in serum concentrations after 8 weeks of low protein diet but did not show further diminution after 14 weeks. The ratio of nonessential to essential serum amino acids was also increased after 8 weeks of protein deprivation but was not further decreased after 14 weeks. Serum alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol levels were variable throughout the 20 weeks of deprivation and did not appear to be good screening tests for protein malnutrition.

Impact of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda) on the serum albumin and amino acid concentrations of rats fed adequate or protein-deficient diets

Parasitology ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Ash ◽  
D. W. T. Crompton ◽  
P. G. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Serum Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Food intake, body weight changes, serum protein and amino acid concentrations were measured during the course of primary infections of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats fed on either a 2% protein (casein) diet or a 16% protein diet (Oxoid 41 B). Total serum protein concentration declined from 77·84±5·35 mg/ml in uninfected well-nourished rats to 54±3·29 mg/ml in rats at 9 days post-infection (p.i.). A reduction from 47·80±2·78 to 40·38±5·62 mg/ml had occurred in protein-malnourished rats by day 6 p.i. The hypoproteinaemia was accompanied by significant hypoalbuminaemia in the protein-malnourished rats and concentrations fell from approximately 33 to 19 mg/ml at the time of peak infection. Six days after inoculation, a significant increase was detected in the concentration of serum amino acids in both well-nourished and protein-malnourished rats; the effect was more prolonged for non-essential than for essential amino acids. The results are discussed briefly in relation to recent work on the control of protein metabolism during malnutrition.

STUDIES ON THE PERFORMANCE, DEVELOPMENT AND CARCASS COMPOSITION OF THE GROWING PIG: EFFECTS OF SEX, FEEDING REGIME AND AGE ON BLOOD SERUM PARAMETERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DOORNENBAL ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
A. H. MARTIN ◽  
A. P. SATHER
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Feeding Regime

Blood samples from 120 pigs serially slaughtered at five age groups, starting at 85 days of age with intervals of 2 wk, were used to study the effects of sex, feeding regime and age on a 12 component metabolic blood serum profile. The differences between barrows and gilts were small and only significant (P < 0.05) for blood urea. Pigs fed ad libitum had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher level of blood urea, calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase but a significantly (P < 0.01) lower level of creatinine than restricted fed pigs. Age had the most pronounced effects on the serum parameters studied, with blood urea, calcium, bilirubin, creatinine, total serum protein and albumin showing a significant (P < 0.01) increase per unit of serum with increasing age. The serum glucose, inorganic phosphorus, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase were also significantly (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 for glucose) influenced by age but did not show a consistent trend across the age groups. Serum alkaline phosphatase was the only component which significantly (P < 0.01) decreased with age. The results indicate that when these serum components are to be used for diagnostic or comparison purposes, age adjustment must be applied. Key words: Blood parameters, pigs, age, feeding regime, sex

scholarly journals Effect of Aloe vera juice on the hepatotoxicity induced by isoniazid drug

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
G . V. Zodape
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase

Aloe vera leaves were gently pressed and the juice obtained was collected in a sterile container. The yield was calculated based on weight of the extract compared to the weight of the leaves. Twenty (20) Wistar strain rats (average weight 120-150 g) were divided into four (4) groups containing five (5) rats in each group. Each group was fed on a different diet like the control rats were fed on commercial rat pellet; experimental rats fed orally with Aloe vera juice 1.0 ml/kg body weight and isoniazid drug (LD) 50ml/kg body weight. Blood samples from each group were taken after 30th day through cardiac puncture for estimation of liver function test. The extent of liver damage was assessed by quantitative estimation of serum alanine aminotransferase (serum ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase (serum AST), serum alkaline phosphatase (serum ALP), serum acid phosphatase (serum ACP), total serum protein (albumin and globulin) and serum bilirubin. Our investigations showed that the level of bilirubin was found to be higher in aloe vera juice and isoniazid drug administered groups. The level of serum ALT was found to be highest in rat fed with isoniazid drug, whereas the level of serum AST was found lowest in rats administered with isoniazid drug. The levels of serum ALP and serum ACP were found higher in concentration in rats administered with isoniazid drug. While the level of total proteins (albumin and globulin) was found to be low in group administered with isoniazid drug. Histopathological assessment of liver revealed that the animal exposed to isoniazid drug alone showed multifocal mild degree periportal mononuclear cell infiltration. Histological lesions ranged from hepatocellar disintegration and vacuolation in the peri-central vein area to marked proliferation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.The remaining groups, however showed normal lobular pattern of liver.

scholarly journals Beryllium Induced Biochemical Alterations in Rodent Model and its Treatment with Calcium Salt of Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic Acid with α -tocopherol

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
A. K. Upadhyay and S. P. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Fall

To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of chelating agents tiron (Sodium-4,5- dihydroxy-1,3-benzene di-sulphonate) and CaNa3DTPA (Calcium tri-sodium di-ethylene tri-amine penta acetic acid) in presence of α-tocopherol against beryllium induced toxicity, adult female albino rats were exposed to beryllium nitrate for 28 days followed by therapy with tiron (471 mg/kg, ip) and CaNa3DTPA (35 mg/kg, ip) alone and in combination with α-tocopherol (25 mg/kg, po). Results revealed non-significant fall in hemoglobin and total serum protein content while significant fall in blood sugar level and activity of serum alkaline phosphatase. On the other hand, significant rise in the activity of serum transaminases and LDH was noticed after beryllium administration. Significant increase in total and esterified cholesterol was found in liver and kidney after toxicity. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation and decreased level of reduced glutathione in both the organs showed oxidative stress due to beryllium exposure. CaNa3DTPA showed moderate therapeutic efficacy; however, its effectiveness was enhanced with α-tocopherol to some extent. Tiron in combination with α-tocopherol exerted statistically more beneficial effects in reversal of beryllium induced biochemical alterations.

Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase as a Thrombogenic and Platelet-Altering Factor in Rabbits

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 191-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G Iatridis ◽  
J. H Ferguson ◽  
P. G Iatridis
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Platelet Aggregates

SummaryPurified intestinal alkaline phosphatase (AlPh), 10 mg/kg, was injected intravenously into rabbits. In normal animals, 1 min post-injection, averaged samples showed platelet count decreases to 50% of control values in whole blood and to 20% in centrifuged “platelet-rich” plasma. Small or large platelet aggregates were noted in the counting chambers, and a glass-bead platelet-adhesiveness test gave values at least twice that in the controls. The platelet changes were paralleled by shortening of an ear-lobe bleeding-time test and by an equally temporary shortening of the r and h values in thrombelastograms (TEG) of fresh whole blood. A very significant correlation, in the 1 min data, was with 4 + thrombosis in 30 min occluded test segments of mesenteric veins. Screening tests of coagulation and fibrinolysis were not significantly altered, and the same was true of various clotting factor assays, except perhaps for small changes which might be attributable to limited local clot formation.15 min post-injection, platelet counts had risen again, no aggregates were noted, the TEG normalized, and the thrombosis test was negative.In dicumarolized rabbits, the AlPh injections still elevated the serum alkaline phosphatase and caused the platelet alterations, but now without the thrombophilic changes.Electrophoretic studies of AlPh isoenzyme distribution suggested that the significant post-injection elevations were not those in the total serum or beta-globvlin enzyme levels, but in a specific “gamma” isoenzyme, migrating cathodic to the ß-globulins.The significance of the present experiments to the basic understanding and testings of thrombotic states is briefly discussed.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE AND DIETARY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

1949 ◽  
Vol 27e (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jules Tuba ◽  
Max M. Cantor ◽  
A. Gerald Richards
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Barley Protein ◽  
The Relationship

It has been found that, when weanling rats are placed on a diet containing low protein barley (protein = 8.5%) or on diets containing low protein barley with supplements of casein or individual essential amino acids, with the exception of lysine and methionine, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase is related in an inverse fashion to the rate of growth. The addition to the basal low protein diet of methionine or casein, i.e., of labile methyl groups, results in the lowering of serum alkaline phosphatase activity towards normal levels. This is considered to reflect a return to normal of fat mobilization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Genotypes under Rainfed Mid Hill Environments of Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Upadhyay ◽  
D. B. Gurung ◽  
D. C. Paudel ◽  
K. B. Koirala ◽  
S. N. Sah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Normal Maize

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the second most important staple food crop after rice and a major food crop of the resource poor people in the hills of Nepal. Prevailing normal maize (non-QPM) is deficient in two essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan. The majority of hill farm families are suffering from protein malnutrition as their major diet is maize and cannot afford animal protein. QPM contains opaque-2, a single gene mutation that alters the protein composition of the endosperm portion and nearly double the essential amino acids concentrations than the normal maize grain. The biological value of protein in QPM maize is about 80%, that of milk is about 90% and in normal maize (non-QPM) is about 45% only. A series of experiments were conducted in RCB Design during 2004/2005 summer season and superior genotypes selected and promoted from Observation Nurseries to IYT and CVT (Coordinated Varietal Trial) respectively. CVTs were evaluated across mid-hills of Nepal. Based on four environmental mean results in CVT: the genotype S99TLWQ- HG-AB (QPM maize) produced the highest mean grain yield (4899 kg ha-1) followed by Population 44 C10 (4552 kg ha-1) and Manakamana-3 (4436 kg ha-1) respectively. However, most of the tested QPM genotypes were at par with improved check for grain yield production and significantly highest grain yielder than the farmres’ variety (local check). Concluding results revealed that the genotype S99 TLWQ-HG-AB performed very well across the mid hills. Findings of the present study will help to reduce protein malnutrition problem in the hills of Nepal.Key words: GGE-biplot; Genotype x environment interaction; Normal maize; Open pollinated varieties (OPV); Quality protein maize (QPM).DOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2803Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 9-14

SUPPLEMENTATION OF A VEGETABLE PROTEIN MIXTURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Guggenheim ◽  
S. Szmelcman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Soybean Flour ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Mixture

The effect of supplementation with amino acids on the nutritive value of a vegetable protein mixture (VPM) was studied. The preparation consists of 47% autoclaved chick peas, 35% defatted sesame flour, and 18% heat-processed, low-fat soybean flour. Different parameters were studied and casein was used for comparison.The protein efficiency ratio (PER) of the VPM was slightly lower than that of casein. Supplementation with lysine, but not with methionine or tryptophan, increased the PER. Addition of threonine to a VPM diet supplemented with lysine had no marked effect on the PER whereas addition of methionine decreased it.Rats on the diet of VPM gained more weight and had a higher level of total serum protein, liver nitrogen, and RNA than rats on a diet containing the same amount of protein as casein. Addition of lysine to the VPM increased the levels of hemoglobin and serum albumin, and the albumin/globulin ratio of the serum.It is concluded that the nutritive value of the VPM compares favorably with that of casein and that supplementation with lysine raises its nutritive value for rats.

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