Studies on the aggregation behaviour of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

Parasitology ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. W. Alphey
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Sexual Attraction ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
T Tube ◽  
Aggregation Behaviour ◽  
Choice Chamber

Two behaviour patterns which could bring about clumping in N. brasiliensis, sexual attraction and thigmokinesis, were investigated. A T-tube choice-chamber to facilitate an in vitro study of sexual attraction is described. A method for studying aggregation is also outlined. Male N. brasiliensis were shown to be attracted to female worms, positive sexual attraction. Both sexes were shown to exhibit strong thigmokinetic responses, and possible functions of such behaviour are discussed.I am grateful to Professors J. Brough and D. Bellamy for providing the facilities during the course of this study. I should also like to thank Dr E.. A. Hammond for his supervision, help and criticism throughout the project. This work was carried out during the tenure of a Scientific Research Council Studentship.

An in vitro study of the effect of oxygen tension upon the motility of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis

Parasitology ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. W. Alphey
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

An activity cell apparatus to facilitate quantitative measurements of motility of small nematodes in saline is described. The effects of salines with a pO2 either greater than 120 mmHg or less than 12 mmHg upon the motility of adult N. brasiliensis females was studied. The worms were found to require an oxygen tension greater than 12 mmHg to be able to maintain their motility.I am grateful to Professors J. Brough and D. Bellamy for providing the facilities during the course of this study. I should also like to thank Dr R. A.Hammond for his supervision, help and criticism throughout the project, and Mr C. Welsby for his technical assistance in the construction of the activity cell.This work was carried out during the tenure of a Scientific Research Council Studentship.

scholarly journals A survey of aerosol exposure systems relative to the analysis of cytotoxicity: A Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 239784732110222
Author(s):  
David Thorne ◽  
Roman Wieczorek ◽  
Toshiro Fukushima ◽  
Han-Jae Shin ◽  
Robert Leverette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Aerosol Generation ◽  
Aerosol Exposure ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
System Data

During a Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco (CORESTA) meeting, the in vitro toxicity testing Sub-Group (IVT SG) met to discuss the evolving field of aerosol exposure research. Given the diversity of exposure parameters and biological endpoints being used, it was considered a high priority to investigate and contextualise the responses obtained. This is particularly driven by the inability to compare between studies on different exposure systems due to user preferences and protocol differences. Twelve global tobacco and contract research companies met to discuss this topic and formulate an aligned approach on how this diverging field of research could be appropriately compared. Something that is becoming increasingly important, especially in the light of more focused regulatory scrutiny. A detailed and comprehensive survey was conducted on over 40 parameters ranging from aerosol generation, dilution and data analysis across eight geographically independent laboratories. The survey results emphasise the diversity of in vitro exposure parameters and methodologies employed across the IVT SG and highlighted pockets of harmonisation. For example, many of the biological protocol parameters are consistent across the Sub-Group. However, variables such as cell type and exposure time remain largely inconsistent. The next steps for this work will be to map parameters and system data against biological findings and investigate whether the observed inconsistencies translate into increased biological variability. The results from the survey provide improved awareness of parameters and nuances, that may be of substantial benefit to scientists in intersecting fields and in the development of harmonised approaches.

scholarly journals Why we should not extend the 14-day rule

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2021-107317
Author(s):  
Bruce Philip Blackshaw ◽  
Daniel Rodger
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Limit Pressure ◽  
Potential Benefits

The 14-day rule restricts the culturing of human embryos in vitro for the purposes of scientific research for no longer than 14 days. Since researchers recently developed the capability to exceed the 14-day limit, pressure to modify the rule has started to build. Sophia McCully argues that the limit should be extended to 28 days, listing numerous potential benefits of doing so. We contend that McCully has not engaged with the main reasons why the Warnock Committee set such a limit, and these still remain valid. As a result, her case for an extension of the 14-day rule is not persuasive.

scholarly journals Experimental studies on the differentiation of embryonic tissues growing in vivo and in vitro .—II. The development of the isolated early embryonic eye of the fowl when cultivated in vitro

1926 ◽  
Vol 100 (703) ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Self Differentiation

In a previous communication (Strangeways and Fell, 1926) it was shown that if the undifferentiated limb-bud of the embryonic Fowl was cultivated in vitro , it underwent a considerable amount of progressive development. This capacity for independent development in vitro possessed by an isolated organ has been further investigated, and for these later experiments the writers have employed the early embryonic eye, a structure endowed with more complex potentialities than the limb-bud. As a result of these experiments it was found that the eyes of young Fowl embryos possess, in a remarkable degree, the faculty for self-differentiation in vitro and for “organotypic” growth as defined by Maximow (1925). The previous work on organotypic growth in vitro has already been briefly outlined in the writers’ earlier paper and need not be discussed here. The expenses connected with the experiments described in this communication were met by the Medical Research Council, to whom the writers desire to express their thanks.

scholarly journals Observations on the Growth of Meningococciin vitroin Relation to Virulence: A Report to the Medical Research Council on Work Carried out at the University of Cambridge pathological laboratory and field Laboratories

1924 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. D. Murray ◽  
R. Ayrton
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
The Many ◽  
The University ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Every bacteriologist is only too well aware of the many problems presented by the preparation of culture media for the growth of bacteriain vitro.

Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: further properties of antibody-damaged worms and induction of comparable damage by maintaining worms in vitro

Parasitology ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Love ◽  
Bridget M. Ogilvie ◽  
Diane J. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Isoenzyme Pattern ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Ultrastructural Morphology ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Worm Expulsion ◽  
Anterior Migration

When adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were maintained in vitro they became damaged. Using the criteria of ultrastructural morphology, acetylcholinesterase isoenzyme pattern and the behaviour of the worms after transfer to a normal rat, this damage appeared to be similar to that produced by the in vivo action of antibodies.Antibodies were shown to be responsible for the anterior migration of adult worms which occurs during primary infections in mature rats and in the prolonged infections seen in lactating and immature rats.Antibody damaged worms and worms unaffected by antibodies were equally able to stimulate the immune response required for worm expulsion. Apparently antibody damage is not required for the initiation of the second immune component necessary for expulsion of this parasite.

scholarly journals PERFIL DOS BOLSISTAS DE PRODUTIVIDADE DO PROGRAMA DE RESIDÊNCIA MULTIPROFISSIONAL EM SAÚDE NO TRIÊNIO 2013-2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrielly Haiany Coimbra Feitosa ◽  
Tamires Barradas Cavalcante ◽  
Kezia Cristina Batista Dos Santos ◽  
Gabriela Sellen Campos Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Residency Program ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Scholarship Recipients

Objetivo: identificar o perfil e a produção científica dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq) da área da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (RMS) no triênio 2013-2015. Metodologia: estudo descritivo e quantitativo. A pesquisa foi realizada no mês de setembro de 2017, utilizou-se formulário estruturado para coleta de dados a partir do currículo Lattes. Resultados: foram identificados 23 bolsistas, 91,5% do sexo feminino, 78,2% da categoria 2 e 43,5% da área da Enfermagem. Dentre o total de periódicos publicados 8 foram sobre a RMS com predominância de Qualis B1 e B4. Quanto às orientações sobre a RMS 23 foram realizadas no último triênio. Conclusão: é necessário estimular pesquisas sobre à RMS objetivando o conhecimento e valorização dessa modalidade educativa, bem como estimular a sua importância nos serviços de saúde. Estudos dessa natureza são necessários para nortear novas pesquisas.Descritores: Academias e Institutos; Internato não Médico; Pesquisa Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico.PROFILE OF THE PRODUCTIVITY SCOLARSHIPS OF THE MULTIPROFESSIONAL HEALTH RESIDENCY PROGRAM IN THE TRIENNIUM 2013-2015Objective: to identify the profile and scientific production of research productivity fellows from the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) of the Multiprofessional Health Residence (RMS) in the triennium 2013-2015. Methodology: descriptive and quantitative study. The research was conducted in September 2017, using a structured form for data collection from the Lattes curriculum. Results: 23 scholarship recipients were identified, 91.5% female, 78.2% from category 2 and 43.5% from the Nursing area. Among the total of published journals, 8 were on RMS with a predominance of Qualis B1 and B4. About the orientations about RMS, 23 were conducted in the last three years. Conclusion: it is necessary to stimulate research on RMS aiming at the knowledge and valuation of this educational modality, as well as stimulating its importance in health services. Studies of this nature are needed to guide new research.Descriptors: Academies and Institutes; Internship not Medical; Scientific Research and Technological DevelopmentPERFIL DE LOS BOLSISTAS DE PRODUCTIVIDAD DEL PROGRAMA DE RESIDENCIA MULTIPROFESIONAL EN SALUD EN EL TRIENIO 2013-2015Objetivo: identificar el perfil y la producción científica de los becarios de productividad en investigación del Consejo Nacional de Investigación (CNPq) del área de la Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud (RMS) en el trienio 2013-2015. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo. La encuesta fue realizada en el mes de septiembre de 2017, se utilizó formulario estructurado para recolección de datos a partir del currículo Lattes. Resultados: se identificaron 23 becarios, 91,5% del sexo femenino, 78,2% de la categoría 2 y 43,5% del área de la Enfermería. De entre el total de periódicos publicados 8 fueron sobre la RMS con predominancia de Qualis B1 y B4. En cuanto a las orientaciones sobre la RMS 23 se realizaron en el último trienio. Conclusión: es necesario estimular investigaciones sobre la RMS objetivando el conocimiento y valorización de esa modalidad educativa, así como estimular su importancia en los servicios de salud. Los estudios de esta naturaleza son necesarios para orientar nuevas investigaciones.Descriptores: Academias e Institutos; Internado no Médico; Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico.

scholarly journals Results and prospects for the development of scientific research in FSBSI FSVC

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
O. N. Pyshnaya ◽  
L. K. Gurkina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.

scholarly journals Intestinal epithelial cell secretion of RELM-β protects against gastrointestinal worm infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 206 (13) ◽  
pp. 2947-2957 ◽  
Author(s):  
De'Broski R. Herbert ◽  
Jun-Qi Yang ◽  
Simon P. Hogan ◽  
Kathryn Groschwitz ◽  
Marat Khodoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Cell Secretion ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

Th2 cells drive protective immunity against most parasitic helminths, but few mechanisms have been demonstrated that facilitate pathogen clearance. We show that IL-4 and IL-13 protect against intestinal lumen-dwelling worms primarily by inducing intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to differentiate into goblet cells that secrete resistin-like molecule (RELM) β. RELM-β is essential for normal spontaneous expulsion and IL-4–induced expulsion of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Heligmosomoides polygyrus, which both live in the intestinal lumen, but it does not contribute to immunity against Trichinella spiralis, which lives within IEC. RELM-β is nontoxic for H. polygyrus in vitro but directly inhibits the ability of worms to feed on host tissues during infection. This decreases H. polygyrus adenosine triphosphate content and fecundity. Importantly, RELM-β–driven immunity does not require T or B cells, alternative macrophage activation, or increased gut permeability. Thus, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for host protection at the mucosal interface that explains how stimulation of epithelial cells by IL-4 and IL-13 contributes to protection against parasitic helminthes that dwell in the intestinal lumen.

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