scholarly journals Results and prospects for the development of scientific research in FSBSI FSVC

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
O. N. Pyshnaya ◽  
L. K. Gurkina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research at the FSBSI FSVC, shows the directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops. The main mission of the selection and seed-growing work of the FSVC is the creation and reproduction of varieties and hybrids of vegetable and melon crops of a new generation, characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors, high productivity and product quality. One of the main ways to increase the efficiency of the breeding process is the use of modern methods of biotechnology and molecular genetics, which make it possible to obtain new genotypes and reduce the time of breeding. Success has been achieved in the creation of homozygous lines of cabbage, squash, cucumber, carrots. For the first time, it was possible to complete a full cycle of obtaining doubled radish haploids in microspore culture in vitro. The institution pays special attention to immunological research on the resistance of crops and new varieties to diseases, as well as protecting plants from pests and diseases. Phytosanitary monitoring, assessment and selection of resistant genotypes are carried every years. One of the important theoretical and practical problems solved at the institution is the development of environmentally friendly products based on preparations obtained from plants with a high content of biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. In the center, a new direction of research in traditional breeding has received significant development - the creation of varieties of vegetable plants with an increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants, on the basis of which functional products are created. The persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of table carrots, depending on the biochemical composition, has been studied. Methods for enriching vegetable plants with micronutrients are being developed. A large amount of scientific research is being carried out on the development of technologies for the cultivation of new varieties and hybrids, as well as technologies for their seed production. At the branches located in different soil and climatic conditions, hospitals were established to study the interaction of factors controlling soil fertility and the productivity of vegetable crops in agrocenoses (crop rotation, soil treatment systems, fertilizers and plant protection). In general, at the FSBSI FSVC, all research is aimed at developing and improving methods in breeding and seed production of vegetable crops, creating new breeding achievements and developing varietal technologies for their cultivation.

scholarly journals The patriarch of Russian vegetable growing has a centenary

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
O. N. Pyshnaya ◽  
L. K. Gurkina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Research Institute

The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the head institution of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center - the oldest and leading breeding organization for vegetable crops, better known in the scientific and socio-economic spheres of the Russian Federation by its historical name - VNIISSOK. The center's activity dates back to the creation in 1920 of the Gribovskaya Vegetable Breeding Experimental Station, where, under the leadership of Professor Sergei Ivanovich Zhegalov, a theoretical and practical basis for the development of domestic breeding was laid. In 1970, the experimental station was transformed into the AllUnion Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops, and in 1992 into the All-Russian Research Institute of Selection and Seed Production of Vegetable Crops. Over the years, breeding methods have been developed and improved, including modern biotechnological methods, using molecular marking and interspecies hybridization. The results obtained during this period reflect the traditions of scientific schools and approaches laid down by scientists-breeders, seed growers, vegetable growers, flower growers, both in the field of basic research, and in the creation of varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops. The organizational and structural reform of breeding institutions carried out in 2017 contributed to the formation of the Federal scientific vegetable center (FSBSI FSVC), which includes VNIISSOK as the parent organization and 8 branches located in various ecological and geographical zones. At a new stage of development, the FSBSI FSVC continues its glorious traditions. Scientists have obtained world-class results in basic research and competitive selection achievements in priority applied research. The scientific results and structural changes that have occurred over the hundred-year period of the breeding establishment are the foundation for the further development of the vegetable science in the country.

scholarly journals “Sofiyivka”— a masterpiece landscape design of 18–19 centuries on 225th anniversary of its founding

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Ivan Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Modern Material ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation

The material describes the history of the dendrological park "Sofiyivka", as well as its modern material and technical base for scientific research related to monitoring the condition and preservation of flora of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine; support and development of botanical collections, as well as biotechnology, genetics, breeding and reproductive biology of plants; Landscaping and landscaping not only ensures the preservation of the historic core and the development of the park, but also promotes the creation of already mentioned and other new varieties.

ASSESSMENT OF NEW TOMATOES HYBRIDS IN A COVERED CROP

1970 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
P. M. Akhmedova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Main Components ◽  
High Yields

In the conditions of covered crop in Dagestan tomato ranks the first in terms of cultivation area and in the country it is the second place after cucumber. However, tomato production has not yet reached the level necessary to meet people’s need. Growing it allows solving the problem of import substitution, ensures a constant supply of fresh vegetable products and solves the problem of a balanced, complete nutrition human nutrition throughout the year. When studying vegetable crops in covered crop conditions were revealed both general provisions characteristic of any region and specific features depending on the complex of local natural conditions. The level of radiation, temperature, humidity, wind and snow loads leave a certain influence on the growing tomatoes technology, which makes the problem of developing scientifically grounded elements of technologies for their production, ensuring high yields of vegetable plants and environmentally safe out-of-season products. With a wide variety of soil and climatic conditions in Dagestan, territories with extreme natural contrasts, even within a single agroclimatic region, the features of light and other microclimate regimes require clarification of the most important elements of agricultural technology. One of the main components of tomato growing technology is timely protection against diseases and pests. In the absence of a system of protective measures yield losses can reach 50% or more. In this context, the assessment of new F1 hybrids in film greenhouses in the winter-autumn circulation was carried out, the most promising of them for the conditions of Dagestan were identified, and the main elements of their cultivation were developed. The article presents the results of the dynamics of the yield of the crop by months. The influence of sowing and planting dates on the tomatoes yield is shown, the optimal scheme of sowing and planting tomatoes is determined. A phenological calendar for plant protection was compiled. The prospects of growing the studied hybrids in this region have been substantiated. Обоснована перспективность выращивания изучаемых гибридов в данном регионе.

scholarly journals Economic efficiency of breeding and seed production in vegetable crops

2009 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
A.N. Chuprov ◽  
D.S. Novikov ◽  
S.S. Pronin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
State Corporation ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Russian Research

The subject of breeding and seed production has been studied as an innovative process, the result of which is new varieties and hybrids. At All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding Production where the results of this complex system work can be exemplified. Cost efficiency of selection and seed production is analyzed, and methods of its perfection are offered. It has been proven that there is a necessity to build a State Corporation for seed production as a main link between modern economics and the seed production sector.

Wheat Breeding Research In The Zarafshan Oasis Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Gaybullayev Gulom Saydalimovich ◽  
◽  
Bolbekov Makhsud Abduvakhobovich ◽  
Tuygunov Rasul Bolibekovich ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
The World ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Primary Selection ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Of

The article describes the results of research on the selection of varieties suitable for the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on the study of samples of the world collection of wheat in the breeding process and the creation of new varieties and primary selection by mixing them with one variety.

scholarly journals Obtaining doubled haploids of Cucurbita pepo L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
E. A. Domblides ◽  
A. S. Ermolaev ◽  
S. N. Belov
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Culture In Vitro

Doubled haploids have been widely used worldwide in breeding programs and fundamental research as valuable homozygous material for about 100 years. The species Cucurbita pepo L. are represented by a huge variety of forms, include highly productive vegetable crops and have a wide distribution in the world. Despite the great economic importance, the creation of effective protocols to ensure stable production of doubled haploids in this species remains an urgent task. DH plants are of interest not only because of the acceleration of the breeding process, but also because of the realization of the huge potential of gametoclonal variability inherent in this highly polymorphic species. In this review, we analyzed the main technologies used for obtaining doubled haploids in vegetable crops of C. pepo: parthenogenesis in situ stimulated by treated/irradiated pollen, gynogenesis in vitro (unpollinated ovule culture in vitro) and androgenesis in vitro (anther/microspore culture in vitro). An analysis is presented of the research carried out from the beginning of the discovery of haploid plants to the current advances and evaluation of the prospects in the field of DH plant production. The main critical factors influencing the efficiency of each technology and its individual steps are considered. The developed technology of doubled haploids obtaining using non-pollinated ovary culture in vitro is presented. This technology allows to obtain up to 55 embryoids per one cultivated ovary (28 embryoids/ 100 cultivated ovules) To introduce haploid technologies into the breeding process it is necessary to evaluate the obtained plants for ploidy level. The use of direct counting of chromosomes in apical cells may present a certain difficulty in this species due to their large number (2n=40) and their small size. Depending on the level of laboratory equipment, ploidy determination using flow cytometry of cell nuclei and counting the number of chloroplasts in stomatal guard cells in the epidermis of the abaxial side of the leaf may be more convenient methods. The prospects for the use of molecular markers for assessment for homozygosity in DH technologies used, including C. pepo, are discussed in the review.

scholarly journals Analysis of innovative technologies of hydrogels from uronate polysaccharides and biodegradable films on their basis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (91) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
N. V. Kondratiuk ◽  
T. M. Stepanova ◽  
O. O. Chernushenko
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
Hydrogel Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
Active Substances

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state and dynamics of scientific developments in the field of creating products for life and health, based on hydrogels from uronate polysaccharides (HUP). The article is reflected the results of the global scientific research monitoring and their changes in the field of technologies for the creation and use of HUP. The results of a retrospective analysis of existing technologies based on poorly studied in the field of food technologies uronic acids, as glucuronic, idouronic, hyaluronic were presented. The study showed, that nowadays the industry of products with their content is acquiring market traits, although it has insufficient scientific substantiation. Development segments with widely used uronate polysaccharides – pectins and alginates – according to the types of hydrogels (swollen hydrogel, cross-linked hydrogel, xerogel) were developed. The article presents examples and identified the required properties of substances intended for immobilization or encapsulation in the hydrogel matrix of uronate polysaccharides. The basic principles of uronate polysaccharides crosslinking chains in the hydrogel phase are determined. Possible methods of biologically active substances (BAS) retention in the matrix of uronate polysaccharides to reduce the risk of premature oxidation, destruction, decomposition, decomposition, evaporation were described. The search for information allowed us to identify key technological areas for the development of scientific research on the creation and use of HUP to improve people's lives and health. The archives of the world's leading publications in the field of food chemistry, biotechnology, food engineering, chemistry of new materials, food polymers and hydrocolloids were analyzed. The authors used in their work the resources of the Science Direct search system, which made it possible to determine the most promising and modern lines of development of HUP technologies and products based on them. The analysis of technologies has shown that existing innovative technologies are formed on “basic” technologies for producing solutions of high-molecular compounds under various conditions. Active modernization is carried out in the direction of creating products with immobilized biologically active substances, as well as in attempts to compose a composition with other polysaccharides and/or peptide components. The article notes that existing technologies allow developing other technologies with the help of which it is possible to expand the field of HUP application.

scholarly journals Vegetable growing is one of the priority directions of agricultural production

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
V. F. Pivovarov ◽  
A. V. Soldatenko ◽  
O. N. Pyshnaya ◽  
S. M. Nadezhkin ◽  
L. K. Gurkina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Important Place

In recent years, in the agricultural sector there is a tendency to increase the production of crop products. However, its quality is still not high enough. To improve the situation in the vegetable growing industry, an important place is given to improving breeding and seed production, since the variety and high-quality seeds are the main elements of modern crop cultivation zonal technologies. At the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” (FSBSI FSVC), vegetable crop breeding has been put on the innovative path of development, where modern methods are used along with classical ones: molecular markers on the main of economical important plant determinants, accelerated creation of homogeneous lines using the methods of doubled haploids and biotechnology of functional products for healthy nutrition. As a result of purposeful selection work, domestic varieties and hybrids of vegetable crops with fundamentally new qualities were created. The geographical location of the branches of the Center allows you to create breeding achievements for all potential regions of vegetable growing. In 2019, 36 varieties and hybrids of vegetables and melon crops were created, including cabbage, carrot, tomato, onion, onion Shallot, perennial onion, garlic, peas, bean, cowpea, pumpkin, cucumber, sugar corn, green vegetables culture, spicy-flavouring plant and floral crops. In order to provide the industry with pure-grade quality seed material and increase the productivity of crops due to the full use of the potential of the variety in the FSBSI FSVC, constant work is carried out in primary seed production. Zonal cultivation technologies have been developed that will allow growing domestic products in different soil and climatic conditions of the country. Wide introduction of achievements of the Russian vegetable growing science in agricultural production is capable to provide the population of the Russian Federation with high-quality, domestic production.

scholarly journals The metabolomic approach to the complex biochemical characteristics of cole Brassica oleracea L.

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
Alla E. Solovyeva ◽  
Tatiana V. Shelenga ◽  
Anna M. Artemyeva
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
New Varieties

Relevance A commonly cultivated and demanded type of vegetable crops – cabbage Brassica oleracea L. – in the process of evolution and domestication was divided into three clusters: leafy cabbage, headed cabbage and broccoli (cauliflower). According to modern data, cabbage originated in culture from the large-leaved forms of leafy cabbage. Portuguese tronchuda is a transitional form to a typical headed cabbage. It is represented by leafy and semi-capped forms and evolutionarily related to Portuguese halega (Galician) leafy cabbage. White cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (DC.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.) is the most significant in the world and Russian economy. The characteristic of cultures of Brassica oleracea L. (varieties of white cabbage and tronchuda) is given according to the most important biochemical quality characteristics. Methods The research material included 48 samples of cabbage, including 27 samples of 13 European cultivar types, including Dutch, Central European and South European cultivar types, 8 samples – two Russian northwestern and central Russian cultivar types and 13 samples – five oriental cultivar types of Caucasian and Turkish-Balkan origin, 9 samples – Portuguese cabbage tronchuda from the VIR collection, reflecting the ecological, geographic and genetic diversity of cabbage. Samples of cabbage were grown at the research and production base "Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories VIR" (St. Petersburg), biochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of biochemistry and molecular biology of VIR. Results As a result of using of the modern non-specific metabolic approach to the study of the biochemical composition in samples of white cabbage, about 100 components have been identified from the groups of organic acids, free amino acids, including essential, fatty acids, including essential, polyhydric alcohols, sugars, and also phenolic compounds, wax, nucleosides, and others. Regularity in the accumulation of nutrient and biologically active substances by cultures of Brassica oleracea L., by cultivar types and individual samples were revealed. As a result of our research using modern techniques, including the nonspecific metabolic approach, new data on the biochemical composition of white and semi-capped forms were obtained. The cabbage within the studied botanical varieties and groups of cultivar types has a complex biochemical composition that characterizes cabbage samples as samples with potentially high value (the role and importance of far from all compounds in the organization of healthy human nutrition is known), which confirms the need for in-depth control of the biochemical composition of plants when breeding new varieties. Samples with the optimal component composition for balanced human nutrition, which are proposed to be used in breeding for quality, including obtaining varieties for healthy (functional) and therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition of the population of theRussian Federation were found.

SEED BREEDING OF PERENNIAL CEREALS IN TAIGA ZONE OF TOMSK REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1342-1348
Author(s):  
L.D. Urazova ◽  
◽  
O.V. Litvinchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Siberian Research Institute ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Seed Growing

The main goal of breeding and seed-growing work with perennial grasses is the creation and reproduction of intensive varieties that are distinguished by high productivity, adaptability, and resistance to adverse factors. The tasks of varietal seed production of perennial grasses in the taiga zone include the preservation of biological and economically useful properties inherent in the variety during its reproduction; ensuring timely implementation of variety change and variety renewal; accelerated multiplication of seeds of new varieties. It is important to cultivate each crop according to modern scientifically based varietal technologies that are developed for the conditions of the region. To create highly productive seed herbage and successful harvesting, it is necessary to take into account the biological characteristics of species and varieties. The choice of seed farming methods is determined by the ability of populations to retain their valuable properties in the process of seed reproduction. When developing promising methods of seed production of new generation varieties, it is necessary to study the reaction of plants to stressful phenomena and develop agrotechnical methods that allow plants to adapt to them with a minimum decrease in seed productivity. The development of seed production of perennial cereal grasses in the extreme soil and climatic conditions of the taiga zone contributes to the growth and stabilization of the gross harvest of seeds with high sowing qualities. The article presents the main results for 2015-2019. on perennial cereal grasses in the Narym Department of Breeding and Seed Production of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Technology - a branch of the SFNCA RAS. Seed growing is carried out according to the traditional scheme. Due to adaptive varieties, the agroecological zoning of seed production is being improved. The aim of this work is to summarize the results of seed production on perennial grasses in the taiga zone of the Tomsk region.

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