Deep sequencing-based identification of pathogen-specific microRNAs in the plasma of rabbits infected withSchistosoma japonicum

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (14) ◽  
pp. 1751-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUOFENG CHENG ◽  
RONG LUO ◽  
CHAO HU ◽  
JIE CAO ◽  
YOUXIN JIN
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Argonaute 2 ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Novel Mirna ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYCirculating microRNAs (miRNAs) have received considerable attention as a novel class of biomarkers for the diagnosis of cancer and as signalling molecules in mediating intercellular communication. Schistosomes, the causative agents of schistosomiasis, live in the blood vessels of a mammalian host in the adult stage. In the present study, we characterized schistosome-specific small RNA populations in the plasma of rabbits infected withSchistosoma japonicum(S. japonicum) using a deep sequencing method and then identified five schistosome-specific miRNAs, including four known miRNAs (Bantam, miR-3479, miR-10 and miR-3096), and one novel miRNA (miR-0001, miRBase ID: sja-miR-8185). Four of the five schistosome-specific miRNAs were also detected by real-time RT–PCR in the plasma ofS. japonicum-infected mice. In addition, our study indicated that schistosome Argonaute 2/3 may be an excretory-secretory (ES) protein. In summary, our findings are expected to provide useful information for further development of novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis and also for deeper understanding of the mechanism of host–parasite interaction.

scholarly journals Molecular Signature of Extracellular Vesicular Small Non-Coding RNAs Derived from Cerebrospinal Fluid of Leptomeningeal Metastasis Patients: Functional Implication of miR-21 and Other Small RNAs in Cancer Malignancy

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Kyue-Yim Lee ◽  
Yoona Seo ◽  
Ji Hye Im ◽  
Jiho Rhim ◽  
Woosun Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Leptomeningeal Metastasis ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Small Nuclear Rna ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Novel Mirna ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Sequencing Method

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a fatal and rare complication of cancer in which the cancer spreads via the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). At present, there is no definitive treatment or diagnosis for this deleterious disease. In this study, we systemically and quantitatively investigated biased expression of key small non-coding RNA (smRNA) subpopulations from LM CSF extracellular vesicles (EVs) via a unique smRNA sequencing method. The analyzed subpopulations included microRNA (miRNA), Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), Y RNA, small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA), vault RNA (vtRNA), novel miRNA, etc. Here, among identified miRNAs, miR-21, which was already known to play an essential oncogenic role in tumorigenesis, was thoroughly investigated via systemic biochemical, miR-21 sensor, and physiological cell-based approaches, with the goal of confirming its functionality and potential as a biomarker for the pathogenesis and diagnosis of LM. We herein uncovered LM CSF extravesicular smRNAs that may be associated with LM-related complications and elucidated plausible pathways that may mechanistically contribute to LM progression. In sum, the analyzed smRNA subpopulations will be useful as targets for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies for LM and LM-related complications.

scholarly journals Transcriptome of the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni during intra-mammalian development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arporn Wangwiwatsin ◽  
Anna V. Protasio ◽  
Shona Wilson ◽  
Christian Owusu ◽  
Nancy E. Holroyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Parasitic Flatworm ◽  
Host Parasite

AbstractSchistosomes are parasitic blood flukes that survive for many years within the mammalian host vasculature. How the parasites establish a chronic infection in the hostile bloodstream environment, whilst evading the host immune response is poorly understood. The parasite develops morphologically and grows as it migrates to its preferred vascular niche, avoiding or repairing damage from the host immune system. In this study, we investigated temporal changes in gene expression during the intra-mammalian development of Schistosoma mansoni. RNA-seq data were analysed from parasites developing in the lung through to egg-laying mature adult worms, providing a comprehensive picture of in vivo intra-mammalian development. Remarkably, genes involved in signalling pathways, developmental control, and adaptation to oxidative stress were up-regulated in the lung stage. The data also suggested a potential role in immune evasion for a previously uncharacterised gene. This study not only provides a large and comprehensive data resource for the research community, but also reveals new directions for further characterising host–parasite interactions that could ultimately lead to new control strategies for this neglected tropical disease pathogen.Author SummaryThe life cycle of the parasitic flatworm Schistosoma mansoni is split between snail and mammalian (often human) hosts. An infection can last for more than 10 years, during which time the parasite physically interacts with its mammalian host as it moves through the bloodstream, travelling through the lungs and liver, to eventually establish a chronic infection in the blood vessels around the host gut. Throughout this complex journey, the parasite develops from a relatively simple larval form into a more complex, sexually reproducing adult. To understand the molecular basis of parasite interactions with the host during this complex journey we have produced genome-wide expression data from developing parasites. The parasites were collected from experimentally-infected mice over its developmental time-course from the poorly studied lung stage, to the fully mature egg-laying adult worm. The data highlight many genes involved in processes known to be associated with key stages of the infection. In addition, the gene expression data provide a unique view of interactions between the parasite and the immune system in the lung, including novel players in host-parasite interactions. A detailed understanding of these processes may provide new opportunities to design intervention strategies, particularly those focussed on the early stages of the infection that are not targeted by current chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Deep sequencing and in silico analysis of small RNA library reveals novel miRNA from leaf Persicaria minor transcriptome

3 Biotech ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Fatah A. Samad ◽  
Nazaruddin Nazaruddin ◽  
Abdul Munir Abdul Murad ◽  
Jaeyres Jani ◽  
Zamri Zainal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
In Silico ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Novel Mirna ◽  
Persicaria Minor ◽  
Silico Analysis ◽  
Small Rna Library

scholarly journals A Deep-Sequencing Method Detects Drug-Resistant Mutations in the Hepatitis B Virus in Indonesians

Intervirology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 384-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewiyani Indah Widasari ◽  
Yoshihiko Yano ◽  
Didik Setyo Heriyanto ◽  
Takako Utsumi ◽  
Laura Navika Yamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Appraisal of Microbial Evolution to Commensalism and Pathogenicity in Humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. CGast.S11858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asit Ranjan Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Microbial Evolution ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Human System ◽  
Present Discussion ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Causative Agents

The human body is host to a number of microbes occurring in various forms of host-microbe associations, such as commensals, mutualists, pathogens and opportunistic symbionts. While this association with microbes in certain cases is beneficial to the host, in many other cases it seems to offer no evident benefit or motive. The emergence and re-emergence of newer varieties of infectious diseases with causative agents being strains that were once living in the human system makes it necessary to study the environment and the dynamics under which this host microbe relationship thrives. The present discussion examines this interaction while tracing the origins of this association, and attempts to hypothesize a possible framework of selective pressures that could have lead microbes to inhabit mammalian host systems.

scholarly journals Identification of Myoferlin, a Potential Serodiagnostic Antigen of Clonorchiasis, via Immunoproteomic Analysis of Sera From Different Infection Periods and Excretory-Secretory Products of Clonorchis sinensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Xiao Ma ◽  
Yang-Yuan Qiu ◽  
Zhi-Guang Chang ◽  
Jun-Feng Gao ◽  
Rui-Ruo Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Chain ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Dynein Light Chain ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Host Parasite

Clonorchiasis, which is caused by Clonorchis sinensis, is an important foodborne disease worldwide. The excretory-secretory products (ESPs) of C. sinensis play important roles in host-parasite interactions by acting as causative agents. In the present study, the ESPs and sera positive for C. sinensis were collected to identify proteins specific to the sera of C. sinensis (i.e., proteins that do not cross-react with Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma japonicum) at different infection periods. Briefly, white Japanese rabbits were artificially infected with C. sinensis, and their sera were collected at 7 days post-infection (dpi), 14 dpi, 35 dpi, and 77 dpi. To identify the specific proteins in C. sinensis, a co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was conducted using shotgun liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to pull down the sera roots of C. sinensis, F. hepatica, and S. japonicum. For the annotated proteins, 32, 18, 39, and 35 proteins specific to C. sinensis were pulled down by the infected sera at 7, 14, 35, and 77 dpi, respectively. Three proteins, Dynein light chain-1, Dynein light chain-2 and Myoferlin were detected in all infection periods. Of these proteins, myoferlin is known to be overexpressed in several human cancers and could be a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer cases. Accordingly, this protein was selected for further studies. To achieve a better expression, myoferlin was truncated into two parts, Myof1 and Myof2 (1,500 bp and 810 bp), based on the antigenic epitopes provided by bioinformatics. The estimated molecular weight of the recombinant proteins was 57.3 ku (Myof1) and 31.3 ku (Myof2). Further, both Myof1 and Myof2 could be probed by the sera from rabbits infected with C. sinensis. No cross-reaction occurred with the positive sera of S. japonica, F. hepatica, and negative controls. Such findings indicate that myoferlin may be an important diagnostic antigen present in the ESPs. Overall, the present study provides new insights into proteomic changes between ESPs and hosts in different infection periods by LC-MS/MS. Moreover, myoferlin, as a biomarker, may be used to develop an objective method for future diagnosis of clonorchiasis.

scholarly journals Immunomics: a 21st century approach to vaccine development for complex pathogens

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARINA P. DE SOUSA ◽  
DENISE L. DOOLAN
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Antigen Discovery ◽  
Molecular Immunology ◽  
Molecular Databases ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Rational Vaccine Design ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Over Time ◽  
21St Century Approach

SUMMARYImmunomics is a relatively new field of research which integrates the disciplines of immunology, genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and bioinformatics to characterize the host-pathogen interface. Herein, we discuss how rapid advances in molecular immunology, sophisticated tools and molecular databases are facilitating in-depth exploration of the immunome. In our opinion, an immunomics-based approach presides over traditional antigen and vaccine discovery methods that have proved ineffective for highly complex pathogens such as the causative agents of malaria, tuberculosis and schistosomiasis that have evolved genetic and immunological host-parasite adaptations over time. By using an integrative multidisciplinary approach, immunomics offers enormous potential to advance 21st century antigen discovery and rational vaccine design against complex pathogens such as the Plasmodium parasite.

scholarly journals The Dialogue of the Host-Parasite Relationship:Leishmaniaspp. andTrypanosoma cruziInfection

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Gustavo Vieira de Morais ◽  
Ana Karina Castro Lima ◽  
Rodrigo Terra ◽  
Rosiane Freire dos Santos ◽  
Silvia Amaral Gonçalves Da-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Protective Response ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

The intracellular protozoaLeishmaniaspp. andTrypanosoma cruziand the causative agents of Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, respectively, belong to the Trypanosomatidae family. Together, these two neglected tropical diseases affect approximately 25 million people worldwide. Whether the host can control the infection or develops disease depends on the complex interaction between parasite and host. Parasite surface and secreted molecules are involved in triggering specific signaling pathways essential for parasite entry and intracellular survival. The recognition of the parasite antigens by host immune cells generates a specific immune response.Leishmaniaspp. andT. cruzihave a multifaceted repertoire of strategies to evade or subvert the immune system by interfering with a range of signal transduction pathways in host cells, which causes the inhibition of the protective response and contributes to their persistence in the host. The current therapeutic strategies in leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are very limited. Efficacy is variable, toxicity is high, and the emergence of resistance is increasingly common. In this review, we discuss the molecular basis of the host-parasite interaction ofLeishmaniaandTrypanosoma cruziinfection and their mechanisms of subverting the immune response and how this knowledge can be used as a tool for the development of new drugs.

scholarly journals Expanding the antimalarial toolkit: Targeting host–parasite interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 213 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Langhorne ◽  
Patrick E. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Intracellular Growth ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Host Parasite

Recent successes in malaria control are threatened by drug-resistant Plasmodium parasites and insecticide-resistant Anopheles mosquitoes, and first generation vaccines offer only partial protection. New research approaches have highlighted host as well as parasite molecules or pathways that could be targeted for interventions. In this study, we discuss host–parasite interactions at the different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle within the mammalian host and the potential for therapeutics that prevent parasite migration, invasion, intracellular growth, or egress from host cells, as well as parasite-induced pathology.

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