Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection: a systematic review

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1801-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Graepp Fontoura ◽  
David Soeiro Barbosa ◽  
Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes ◽  
Floriacy Stabnow Santos ◽  
Marcelino Santos Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

AbstractCoinfection with human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become an emerging public health problem in several parts of the world, with high morbidity and mortality rates. A systematic review was carried out in the literature available in PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs related to HVL associated with HIV coinfection, seeking to analyze epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects. Of the 265 articles found, 15 articles were included in the qualitative analysis, which referred to the results of HVL treatment in patients coinfected with HIV. In the published articles between 2007 and 2015, 1171 cases of HVL/HIV coinfection were identified, 86% males, average age 34 years, liposomal amphotericin B was the most commonly used drug, cure rates 68 and 20% relapses and 19% deaths, five different countries, bone marrow was used in 10/15 manuscripts. HVL/HIV coinfection is a major challenge for public health, mainly due to the difficulty in establishing an accurate diagnosis, low response to treatment with high relapse rates and evolution to death. In addition, these two pathogens act concomitantly for the depletion of the immune system, contributing to worsening the clinical picture of these diseases, which requires effective surveillance and epidemiological control measures.

scholarly journals Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory aspects of human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL) associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection: a systematic review – CORRIGENDUM

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (14) ◽  
pp. 1819-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iolanda Graepp Fontoura ◽  
David Soeiro Barbosa ◽  
Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes ◽  
Floriacy Stabnow Santos ◽  
Marcelino Santos Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Diagnostic application of sensitive and specific phage-exposed epitopes for visceral leishmaniasis and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection

Parasitology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fernanda F. Ramos ◽  
Grasiele S. V. Tavares ◽  
Fernanda Ludolf ◽  
Amanda S. Machado ◽  
Thaís T. O. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Prognostic Effect ◽  
Specific Phage ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract The diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has improved with the search of novel antigens; however, their performance is limited when samples from VL/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfected patients are tested. In this context, studies conducted to identify more suitable antigens to detect both VL and VL/HIC coinfection cases should be performed. In the current study, phage display was performed using serum samples from healthy subjects and VL, HIV-infected and VL/HIV-coinfected patients; aiming to identify novel phage-exposed epitopes to be evaluated with this diagnostic purpose. Nine non-repetitive and valid sequences were identified, synthetized and tested as peptides in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments. Results showed that three (Pep2, Pep3 and Pep4) peptides showed excellent performance to diagnose VL and VL/HIV coinfection, with 100% sensitivity and specificity values. The other peptides showed sensitivity varying from 50.9 to 80.0%, as well as specificity ranging from 60.0 to 95.6%. Pep2, Pep3 and Pep4 also showed a potential prognostic effect, since specific serological reactivity was significantly decreased after patient treatment. Bioinformatics assays indicated that Leishmania trypanothione reductase protein was predicted to contain these three conformational epitopes. In conclusion, data suggest that Pep2, Pep3 and Pep4 could be tested for the diagnosis of VL and VL/HIV coinfection.

scholarly journals Improved Performance of ELISA and Immunochromatographic Tests Using a New Chimeric A2-Based Protein for Human Visceral Leishmaniasis Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Maria Marta Figueiredo ◽  
Anna R. R. dos Santos ◽  
Lara C. Godoi ◽  
Natália S. de Castro ◽  
Bruno C. de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Sera Samples

Summary. Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health problem worldwide, leading to significant mortality rates if not properly treated and controlled. Precise identification of infected patients is essential to establish treatment and control measures. Although several VL serological diagnosis advances have been accomplished lately, mainly using recombinant antigens and immunochromatographic tests (ICTs), improvements may still be achieved using multiepitope chimeric proteins in different test platforms. Here, we reported on the evaluation of ELISA and an ICT developed with a new chimeric protein, named DTL-4, based on repetitive antigenic sequences, including those present in the A2 protein. Methods. A total of 1028 sera samples were used for the development and validation of ELISA (321 samples from L. infantum-infected patients, 62 samples from VL/AIDS coinfected patients, 236 samples from patients infected with other diseases, and 409 samples from healthy donors). A total of 520 sera samples were used to develop and validate ICT (249 samples from L. infantum-infected patients, 46 samples from VL/AIDS coinfected patients, 40 samples from patients infected with other diseases, and 185 samples from healthy donors). Findings. Using the validation sera panels, DTL-4-based ELISA displayed an overall sensitivity of 94.61% (95% CI: 89.94-97.28), a specificity of 99.41% (95% CI: 96.39-99.99), and an accuracy of 97.02% (95% CI: 94.61-98.38), while for ICT, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values corresponded to 91.98% (95% CI: 86.65-95.39), 100.00% (95% CI: 96.30-100.00), and 95.14% (95% CI: 91.62-97.15), respectively. When testing sera samples from VL/AIDS coinfected patients, DTL-4-ELISA displayed a sensitivity of 77.42% (95% CI: 65.48-86.16), a specificity of 99.41% (95% CI: 96.39-99.99), and an accuracy of 93.51% (95% CI: 89.49%-96.10%), while for DTL-4-ICT, sensitivity was 73.91% (95% CI: 59.74-84.40), specificity was 90.63% (95% CI: 81.02-95.63), and accuracy was 82.00% (95% CI: 73.63-90.91). Conclusion. DTL-4 is a promising candidate antigen for serodiagnosis of VL patients, including those with VL/AIDS coinfection, when incorporated into ELISA or ICT test formats.

scholarly journals Seroepidemiological Survey of Canine Leishmania Infections from Peripheral Areas in Natal, Northeast Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Ribeiro Barbosa ◽  
Francisco Canindé Carlota ◽  
Valter Ferreira de Andrade-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Objective: Human visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in Natal, northeast of Brazil, where the domestic dog is an important parasite reservoir in the infectious cycle of Leishmania spp. In this study, was evaluated the antileishmanial IgG antibody and epidemiological factors related to canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Methods: Sera samples obtained by venipuncture of 1,426 dogs living in areas of human visceral leishmaniasis occurrence were tested for detection of IgG anti-leishmania antibodies with Immunofluorescence Antibody Assay (IFA) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Chi-square (x2) and Odds Ratio (OR) were calculated. Differences were considered statistically significant at p≤0.05. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence was 10.30% (147/1,426); prevalence increased when the samples were found to be positive at least for one technique ([417/1,426] 29.3%). The high percentage of seroprevalence was observed in Nova República (15.35%), Nova Natal I (12.7%) and Lagoa Azul (11.4%) neighborhoods. In the Planalto, Soledade and Brasil Novo, the infection rates ranged from 7.5 at 8.06%. (p=0.00051). There was neither statistically significant difference between leishmanial infection nor clinical signs of disease (p=0.84; OR=1.0 [0.41; 2.3]), sex (p=0.78, OR=0.94 [0.66; 1.28]); and breed (p=0.92; OR=1.0 [0.65; 1.54]) were observed. Conclusion: The RESULTS suggest that CVL is widely distributed in Natal, may be increasingly urbanizing and will spread through neighborhoods but not endemic, resulting in a serious public health problem, emphasizing the need for epidemiological studies to a greater understanding of the distribution of canine leishmaniasis in these specific areas and contribute proactively to the public health policies.

scholarly journals Advances in Studies on Prevalence and Interaction Mechanism of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis Coinfection

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Chao Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Zhaoxiao Tong ◽  
Huangxin Yan ◽  
Shenxiao Min
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection is a serious public health problem. HIV and TB promote each other, accelerating development of HIV to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and heightening TB mortality. Determining interaction mechanism between HIV andMycobacterium tuberculosiscan lead to development of effective treatments. This study summarizes prevalence status of AIDS and TB coinfection and research advances concerning their interaction mechanism.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Visceral Leishmaniasis-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Coinfection: An Evidence Gap in Improving Patient Outcomes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan van Griensven ◽  
Rezika Mohammed ◽  
Koert Ritmeijer ◽  
Sakib Burza ◽  
Ermias Diro
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Up

Abstract Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection remains a major problem in Ethiopia, India, and Brazil. Tuberculosis (TB), a treatable factor, could contribute to high mortality (up to 25%) in VL-HIV coinfection. However, the current evidence on the prevalence and clinical impact of TB in VL-HIV coinfection is very limited. In previous reports on routine care, TB prevalence ranged from 5.7% to 29.7%, but information on how and when TB was diagnosed was lacking. Methods Field observations suggest that TB work-up is often not done systematically, and it is only done in patients who do not respond well to VL treatment. Here, we advocate high-quality diagnostic studies in VL-HIV-coinfected patients, during which all patients are systematically screened for TB, including a comprehensive work-up, to obtain reliable estimates. Results Cost-effective and feasible diagnostic algorithms can be developed for field use, and this can be integrated in VL clinical guidelines. Conclusions An accurate diagnosis of TB can allow clinicians to assess its clinical impact and evaluate the impact of early TB diagnosis.

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