Elemental composition and bacterial incidence in firn-cores at Midre Lovénbreen glacier, Svalbard

Polar Record ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Mohan Singh ◽  
Puja Gawas-Sakhalkar ◽  
Simantini Naik ◽  
Rasik Ravindra ◽  
Jagdev Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Crustal Enrichment Factors

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to measure the elemental concentration and bacterial deposition in the firn-cores at the Midre Lovénbreen glacier, Svalbard. Firn-cores up to 1m deep were collected and divided into three subsections. These were subjected to elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS). In all 20 elements were analysed. The crustal enrichment factors calculated for these elements on the basis of Fe values, demonstrate that the elements have derived from both crustal and anthropogenic sources. For certain elements there also exists a possibility of input from sea salt spray. Total bacterial counts in these firn samples ranged from 1.03 × 105to 3.67 × 105per ml of meltwater. Culturability of these bacterial cells, in comparison to the total count was very low. At 4°C the maximum culturability was <1.4% of the total count while at 15°C it was still lower (~1%).

scholarly journals Mineralogical and Chemical Tracing of Dust Variation in an Underground Historic Salt Mine

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Puławska ◽  
Maciej Manecki ◽  
Michał Flasza
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Local Range

The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of the evolution of atmospheric dust composition in an open-to-public subterranean site (UNESCO-recognized historic mine) at increasing distances from the air intake. The role of the components imported with atmospheric air from the surface was compared with natural and anthropogenic sources of dust from inside the mine. Samples of deposited dust were directly collected from flat surfaces at 11 carefully selected sites. The morphological, mineralogical, and chemical characteristics were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). The study showed that the air in the underground salt mine was free of pollutants present in the ambient air on the surface. Most of the components sucked into the mine by the ventilation system from the surface (regular dust, particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, biogenic particles, etc.) underwent quick and instantaneous sedimentation in the close vicinity of the air inlet to the mine. The dust settled in the mine interior primarily consisted of natural geogenic particles, locally derived from the weathering of the host rock (halite, anhydrite, and aluminosilicates). This was confirmed by low values of enrichment factors (EF) calculated for minor and trace elements. Only one site, due to the tourist railroad and the associated local intensive tourist traffic, represented the anthropogenic sources of elevated concentrations of ferruginous particles and accompanied metals (P, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, and W). The gravitational deposition of pollutants from these sources limits the effects of the emissions to the local range. The used methodology and the results are universal and might also apply to other mines, caves, or underground installations used for museums, tourists, or speleotherapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals Geophagic Clays from Cameroon: Provenance, Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8315
Author(s):  
Georges-Ivo Ekosse ◽  
George Elambo Nkeng ◽  
Nenita Bukalo ◽  
Olaonipekun Oyebanjo
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

This study assessed the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of geophagic clays sold in some markets in Cameroon to ascertain their provenance, contamination status and human health risk. To achieve this, 40 samples from 13 markets in Cameroon were purchased and analysed using X-ray diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for their mineralogy and geochemistry, respectively. The geophagic clays were dominantly made up of kaolinite and quartz. Their chemistry was dominated by SiO2, Al2O3 and LOI with means of 48.76 wt%, 32.12 wt% and 13.93 wt%, respectively. The major, trace and rare earth elements data showed that these geophagic clays were predominantly derived from felsic rocks. The contamination assessment indicated no enrichment of metals from anthropogenic sources, except for Zn in samples from Acacia, Madagascar and Mfoudi markets. The index of geo-accumulation indicated no contamination to moderate contamination of the clays. The non-carcinogenic index values for Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were generally less than 1, suggesting no non-carcinogenic risk exposure to children and adults consuming the geophagic clays from these metals. The carcinogenic risk index (TCR) for Ni and Cr were above 10−6, which implies that children and adults are vulnerable to minimal carcinogenic health risk. The TCR values from Ni posed the highest risk, especially to children consuming clays from some markets.

Relationship between elemental concentration and age from otoliths of adult snapper (Pagrus auratus, Sparidae): implications for movement and stock structure

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Fowler ◽  
B. M. Gillanders ◽  
K. C. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pagrus Auratus ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

The present study investigated the stock structure of snapper (Pagrus auratus) in South Australia, and the extent to which this is influenced by adult movement. Fish from the 9+ age class were sampled from six different regions, encompassing >2000 km of coastline and different habitat types. The chemistry of transverse sections of otoliths was sampled using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, providing elemental profiles that were related to age for the first nine years of the fish’s lives. The age-related annual averages for both 88Sr and 138Ba differed significantly between regions. They were, however, similar for the first three years, then diverged considerably between the ages of three to five years, and then remained consistently different through to the age of nine years. This suggests that all fish, regardless of where captured, originated from only one or two nursery areas, but dispersed throughout the different regions between the ages of three to five years, before becoming resident to their new regions of occupancy. Thus, this population of snapper represents a single, large, stock where the individuals have a common origin, but through age-related emigration ultimately disperse and supplement the low abundance populations in regional State waters.

scholarly journals Sulphur and Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Snow: Multi-Elemental Analytical Techniques and Interpretations

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Landsberger ◽  
R.E. Jervis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Three multi-elemental techniques (neutron activation analysis, proton-induced X-ray emission and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry) are described in terms of their special advantages in determining sulphur and heavy metal pollution in urban snow. Environmental analytical interpretations, including wash-out factors, enrichment factors, inter-elemental correlations, mobilization factors, and toxicity potential, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Sulphur and Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Snow: Multi-Elemental Analytical Techniques and Interpretations

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
S. Landsberger ◽  
R.E. Jervis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Three multi-elemental techniques (neutron activation analysis, proton-induced X-ray emission and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry) are described in terms of their special advantages in determining sulphur and heavy metal pollution in urban snow. Environmental analytical interpretations, including wash-out factors, enrichment factors, inter-elemental correlations, mobilization factors, and toxicity potential, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Elemental indicators of natural and anthropogenic aerosol inputs to Law Dome, Antarctica

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vallelonga ◽  
Carlo Barbante ◽  
Giulio Cozzi ◽  
Vania Gaspari ◽  
Jean-Pierre Candelone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Aerosol Emissions ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractA selection of elements (Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Sr, U, V, Zn) were measured by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma sector-field mass spectrometry in firn- and ice-core samples from Law Dome, Antarctica, corresponding to the period 4500 BC to AD 1989. Concentrations of rock dust and sea salts were calculated for each sample and then used to determine concentrations of each element originating from crustal and marine aerosol emissions, respectively. Where calculated contributions from crustal and marine aerosol sources failed to account for the total measured concentration of an element, the remainder was apportioned to volcanic and/or anthropogenic sources and defined as an enrichment. On this basis, it was determined that Bi and Cd concentrations in Law Dome ice are overwhelmingly influenced by volcanic emissions (enrichments 150–250x crustal and marine inputs); Co, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in Law Dome ice are largely influenced by volcanic emissions (enrichments 16–36x crustal and marine inputs); and Mn, Sr, U and V concentrations in Law Dome ice are minimally influenced by volcanic emissions (enrichments 1.5–4x crustal and marine inputs). During the 20th century, enrichments of Pb and Cu concentrations were observed to be greater than in earlier centuries, consistent with increasing anthropogenic emissions of Pb and Cu in the Southern Hemisphere over that period.

scholarly journals An Isotopic Study of Bio-accessible Lead in Wheat, Miswak Toothbrush and Miswak Fruit Using the Continuous On-line Leaching Method with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa A. Althobiti ◽  
Diane Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Isotopic Study ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
On Line

In this study, sources of Pb are investigated using the 206Pb/207Pb isotopic ratio measured by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry in the bio-accessible fractions from wheat, Miswak toothbrush (also used as chewing stick) and Miswak fruit. These samples were obtained for the in vitro batch and on-line leaching methods that mimic the human gastrointestinal tract by sequentially using artificial saliva, gastric juice and intestinal fluid for extraction. The two methods provided similar results according to a Student’s t-test at the 95% confidence level. Significant (p < 0.05) differences in 206Pb/207Pb were noted at the 95% confidence level in different artificial body fluids. Except for unpolluted Miswak toothbrush and Miswak fruit, which only contained geogenic Pb, the samples contained a mixture of geogenic and anthropogenic Pb, with bio-accessible Pb in saliva being mainly from a geogenic source, whereas bio-accessible Pb in the stomach and intestinal fluids was mainly from anthropogenic sources. Despite the fact that leaded petrol was phased out in Saudi Arabia in 2001, a Miswak toothbrush collected on the side of a busy road after exposure for only a few days and Safeer wheat were still being contaminated with Pb and had an isotopic composition matching that of Pb added to petrol. The 208Pb/206Pb isotopic ratio for gastric bio-accessible Pb also matched that reported in tetraethyllead. The 206Pb/207Pb isotopic ratios of intestinal bio-accessible Pb from Qassim wheat and Safeer wheat point to coal combustion as the source. Overall, these results highlight the need for continued Pb monitoring and the value of examining bio-accessible fractions periodically to identify Pb sources.

Trace Elements of Precipitation in the Shigatse Region, Southern Tibetan Plateau

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1652-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Qing Liu ◽  
Yong Jie Yang ◽  
Yi’an Di ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Wei Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Southern Tibetan Plateau

In order to investigate trace elements of precipitation on Tibetan Plateau, a total of 34 precipitation samples have been collected from individual precipitation events at the Shigatse Meteorological Station located in the south Tibetan Plateau in 2008. All samples were analyzed for 12 elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Ba and Pb) by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result showed that the average concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Ba and Pb were 0.22 μg L-1, 0.17 μg L-1, 2.47 μg L-1, 16.52 μg L-1, 0.07 μg L-1, 1.04 μg L-1, 2.52 μg L-1, 0.29 μg L-1, 0.09 μg L-1, 0.04 μg L-1, 31.54 μg L-1 and 0.10μg L-1, respectively. The concentrations of elements were generally comparable to other background sites, and much lower than urban areas. The enrichment factors indicated that coal combustion along with vehicle and industry emissions may be the main sources of pollution elements.

scholarly journals Relationship between Dislocation Density and Antibacterial Activity of Cryo-Rolled and Cold-Rolled Copper

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Parmar ◽  
Kandarp Changela ◽  
B. Srinivas ◽  
Manimuthu Mani Sankar ◽  
Sujata Mohanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Elemental Copper ◽  
Cold Rolled

In the present work, cold rolling and cryo-rolling were performed on 99% commercially pure copper substrates. Both cold and cryo-rolling processes caused severe plastic deformation that led to an increase in dislocation density by 14× and 28× respectively, as compared to the pristine material. Increases in average tensile strengths, by 75% (488 MPa) and 150% (698 MPa), were observed in the two rolled materials as the result of the enhancement in dislocation density. In addition to strength, enhanced antibacterial property of cryo-rolled copper was observed in comparison to cold rolled and pristine copper. Initial adhesion and subsequent proliferation of bio-film forming Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was reduced by 66% and 100% respectively for cryo-rolled copper. Approximately 55% protein leakage, as well as ethidium bromide (EtBr) uptake, were observed confirming rupture of cell membrane of S. aureus. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy reveals higher leaching of elemental copper in nutrient broth media from the cryo-rolled copper. Detailed investigations showed that increased dislocation led to leaching of copper ions that caused damage to the bacterial cell wall and consequently killing of bacterial cells. Cryo-rolling enhanced both strength, as well as antibacterial activity, due to the presence of dislocations.

Elemental concentration in particulate matter deposited on sugarcane leaves along an industrial area of Uttarakhand

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
Pooja Panwar ◽  
◽  
Disha Punetha ◽  
Richa Rajput ◽  
Vijay Shridhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Control Site ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Trace Elemental

Particulate Matter (PM) is widely recognized as one of the most severe threats to human health and environment. In the present study, the trace elemental analysis of particulate matter deposited on sugarcane leaves was carried out during the summer and winter season in 2014. Six sampling sites were selected including one control site in the Bhagwanpur industrial area in Uttarakhand. A total of 11 elements (Zn, Pb, Mn, Fe, Mg, Cr, Ni, Ca, Cu, Co, and Cd) were analyzed using ICP-OES (Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy). The elemental concentration in the PM deposited on the leaf surface was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) in the affected sites in comparison to control site. The high concentration of metals like lead, Chromium, Zinc, Cobalt, Nickel, Manganese in the PM/dust, characterize the air quality in the sites which are near to the industrial area. Ca was found to be in a maximum concentration in the particulate load which was followed by Fe, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, Cd. The metal loadings in PM suggest that there is the high atmospheric deposition due to various industries and vehicular activity. The main variation in the heavy metals in the sites was due to various industries (Cement, textile, Brick kiln, Rubber, battery recycling factory) and vehicular activity. The mean concentrations of Cd and Cr in the sugarcane leaves were below the tolerance limit as per the Indian and WHO standards. Moreover, metals such as Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, and Pb surpassed these limits.

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