scholarly journals Mineralogical and Chemical Tracing of Dust Variation in an Underground Historic Salt Mine

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Puławska ◽  
Maciej Manecki ◽  
Michał Flasza
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Air Inlet ◽  
Local Range

The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of the evolution of atmospheric dust composition in an open-to-public subterranean site (UNESCO-recognized historic mine) at increasing distances from the air intake. The role of the components imported with atmospheric air from the surface was compared with natural and anthropogenic sources of dust from inside the mine. Samples of deposited dust were directly collected from flat surfaces at 11 carefully selected sites. The morphological, mineralogical, and chemical characteristics were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). The study showed that the air in the underground salt mine was free of pollutants present in the ambient air on the surface. Most of the components sucked into the mine by the ventilation system from the surface (regular dust, particulate matter, gaseous pollutants, biogenic particles, etc.) underwent quick and instantaneous sedimentation in the close vicinity of the air inlet to the mine. The dust settled in the mine interior primarily consisted of natural geogenic particles, locally derived from the weathering of the host rock (halite, anhydrite, and aluminosilicates). This was confirmed by low values of enrichment factors (EF) calculated for minor and trace elements. Only one site, due to the tourist railroad and the associated local intensive tourist traffic, represented the anthropogenic sources of elevated concentrations of ferruginous particles and accompanied metals (P, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Pb, and W). The gravitational deposition of pollutants from these sources limits the effects of the emissions to the local range. The used methodology and the results are universal and might also apply to other mines, caves, or underground installations used for museums, tourists, or speleotherapeutic purposes.

Elemental composition and bacterial incidence in firn-cores at Midre Lovénbreen glacier, Svalbard

Polar Record ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Mohan Singh ◽  
Puja Gawas-Sakhalkar ◽  
Simantini Naik ◽  
Rasik Ravindra ◽  
Jagdev Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Elemental Concentration ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Crustal Enrichment Factors

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to measure the elemental concentration and bacterial deposition in the firn-cores at the Midre Lovénbreen glacier, Svalbard. Firn-cores up to 1m deep were collected and divided into three subsections. These were subjected to elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS). In all 20 elements were analysed. The crustal enrichment factors calculated for these elements on the basis of Fe values, demonstrate that the elements have derived from both crustal and anthropogenic sources. For certain elements there also exists a possibility of input from sea salt spray. Total bacterial counts in these firn samples ranged from 1.03 × 105to 3.67 × 105per ml of meltwater. Culturability of these bacterial cells, in comparison to the total count was very low. At 4°C the maximum culturability was <1.4% of the total count while at 15°C it was still lower (~1%).

scholarly journals Geophagic Clays from Cameroon: Provenance, Metal Contamination and Health Risk Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8315
Author(s):  
Georges-Ivo Ekosse ◽  
George Elambo Nkeng ◽  
Nenita Bukalo ◽  
Olaonipekun Oyebanjo
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

This study assessed the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of geophagic clays sold in some markets in Cameroon to ascertain their provenance, contamination status and human health risk. To achieve this, 40 samples from 13 markets in Cameroon were purchased and analysed using X-ray diffractometry, X-ray fluorescence and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for their mineralogy and geochemistry, respectively. The geophagic clays were dominantly made up of kaolinite and quartz. Their chemistry was dominated by SiO2, Al2O3 and LOI with means of 48.76 wt%, 32.12 wt% and 13.93 wt%, respectively. The major, trace and rare earth elements data showed that these geophagic clays were predominantly derived from felsic rocks. The contamination assessment indicated no enrichment of metals from anthropogenic sources, except for Zn in samples from Acacia, Madagascar and Mfoudi markets. The index of geo-accumulation indicated no contamination to moderate contamination of the clays. The non-carcinogenic index values for Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were generally less than 1, suggesting no non-carcinogenic risk exposure to children and adults consuming the geophagic clays from these metals. The carcinogenic risk index (TCR) for Ni and Cr were above 10−6, which implies that children and adults are vulnerable to minimal carcinogenic health risk. The TCR values from Ni posed the highest risk, especially to children consuming clays from some markets.

Determination of As, Cd, Ni and Pb in PM10 – comparison of different sample work-up and analysis methods/Bestimmung von As, Cd, Ni und Pb in PM10 – Vergleich verschiedener Probenaufbereitungs- und Analysenverfahren

Gefahrstoffe ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (06) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Beslic ◽  
J. Burger ◽  
F. Cadoni ◽  
D. Centioli ◽  
I. Kranjc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Work Up

In 2015 the European Joint Research Center (JRC) for air quality in Ispra, Italy, carried out an intercomparison for the determination of PM10 and PM2.5 in ambient air. Five laboratories also analyzed the content of heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead and nickel) in PM10 from filter samples collected during the intercomparison. Thus, all steps from sampling in the field to instrumental quantification of heavy metals in the laboratory could be statistically analyzed. The different techniques of sampling and sample work-up had no significant influence on the analysis results. However, the method of instrumental analysis strongly influenced them: The results of laboratories using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) coincided well in most cases. For laboratories using the Energy Dispersed X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) technique the uncertainty of the results strongly depended on the metal concentration. For cadmium the concentrations generally were too low for analysis by ED-XRF, for arsenic, lead and nickel the relative uncertainties decreased exponentially with increasing concentrations. The relation between metal concentration and the relative uncertainty of analysis results could be described as power functions. Analysis of lead and nickel by ED-XRF is well possible in the range of the EU limit and target values for these metals.

scholarly journals Sulphur and Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Snow: Multi-Elemental Analytical Techniques and Interpretations

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Landsberger ◽  
R.E. Jervis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Three multi-elemental techniques (neutron activation analysis, proton-induced X-ray emission and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry) are described in terms of their special advantages in determining sulphur and heavy metal pollution in urban snow. Environmental analytical interpretations, including wash-out factors, enrichment factors, inter-elemental correlations, mobilization factors, and toxicity potential, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Sulphur and Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban Snow: Multi-Elemental Analytical Techniques and Interpretations

1985 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
S. Landsberger ◽  
R.E. Jervis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Three multi-elemental techniques (neutron activation analysis, proton-induced X-ray emission and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry) are described in terms of their special advantages in determining sulphur and heavy metal pollution in urban snow. Environmental analytical interpretations, including wash-out factors, enrichment factors, inter-elemental correlations, mobilization factors, and toxicity potential, are also discussed.

scholarly journals Daily and hourly chemical impact of springtime transboundary aerosols on Japanese air quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Moreno ◽  
T. Kojima ◽  
F. Amato ◽  
F. Lucarelli ◽  
J. de la Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Chemical Database ◽  
Ambient Concentrations ◽  
Chinese Coal

Abstract. The regular eastward drift of transboundary aerosol intrusions from the Asian mainland into the NW Pacific region has a pervasive impact on air quality in Japan, especially during springtime. Analysis of 24-h filter samples with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hourly Streaker with Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) samples collected continuously for six weeks reveal the chemistry of successive waves of natural mineral desert dust ("Kosa") and metalliferous sulphatic pollutants arriving in western Japan during spring 2011. The main aerosol sources recognised by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of Streaker data are mineral dust and fresh sea salt (both mostly in the coarser fraction PM2.5–10), As-bearing sulphatic aerosol (PM0.1–2.5), metalliferous sodic particulate matter (PM) interpreted as aged, industrially contaminated marine aerosol, and ZnCu-bearing aerosols. Whereas mineral dust arrivals are typically highly transient, peaking over a few hours, sulphatic intrusions build up and decline more slowly, and are accompanied by notable rises in ambient concentrations of metallic trace elements such as Pb, As, Zn, Sn and Cd. The magnitude of the loss in regional air quality due to the spread and persistence of pollution from mainland Asia is especially clear when cleansing oceanic air advects westward across Japan, removing the continental influence and reducing concentrations of the undesirable metalliferous pollutants by over 90%. Our new chemical database, especially the Streaker data, demonstrates the rapidly changing complexity of ambient air inhaled during these transboundary events, and implicates Chinese coal combustion as the main source of the anthropogenic aerosol component.

scholarly journals Elemental indicators of natural and anthropogenic aerosol inputs to Law Dome, Antarctica

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vallelonga ◽  
Carlo Barbante ◽  
Giulio Cozzi ◽  
Vania Gaspari ◽  
Jean-Pierre Candelone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Marine Aerosol ◽  
Volcanic Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosol ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Aerosol Emissions ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractA selection of elements (Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Sr, U, V, Zn) were measured by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma sector-field mass spectrometry in firn- and ice-core samples from Law Dome, Antarctica, corresponding to the period 4500 BC to AD 1989. Concentrations of rock dust and sea salts were calculated for each sample and then used to determine concentrations of each element originating from crustal and marine aerosol emissions, respectively. Where calculated contributions from crustal and marine aerosol sources failed to account for the total measured concentration of an element, the remainder was apportioned to volcanic and/or anthropogenic sources and defined as an enrichment. On this basis, it was determined that Bi and Cd concentrations in Law Dome ice are overwhelmingly influenced by volcanic emissions (enrichments 150–250x crustal and marine inputs); Co, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in Law Dome ice are largely influenced by volcanic emissions (enrichments 16–36x crustal and marine inputs); and Mn, Sr, U and V concentrations in Law Dome ice are minimally influenced by volcanic emissions (enrichments 1.5–4x crustal and marine inputs). During the 20th century, enrichments of Pb and Cu concentrations were observed to be greater than in earlier centuries, consistent with increasing anthropogenic emissions of Pb and Cu in the Southern Hemisphere over that period.

scholarly journals An Isotopic Study of Bio-accessible Lead in Wheat, Miswak Toothbrush and Miswak Fruit Using the Continuous On-line Leaching Method with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randa A. Althobiti ◽  
Diane Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Isotopic Study ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
On Line

In this study, sources of Pb are investigated using the 206Pb/207Pb isotopic ratio measured by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry in the bio-accessible fractions from wheat, Miswak toothbrush (also used as chewing stick) and Miswak fruit. These samples were obtained for the in vitro batch and on-line leaching methods that mimic the human gastrointestinal tract by sequentially using artificial saliva, gastric juice and intestinal fluid for extraction. The two methods provided similar results according to a Student’s t-test at the 95% confidence level. Significant (p < 0.05) differences in 206Pb/207Pb were noted at the 95% confidence level in different artificial body fluids. Except for unpolluted Miswak toothbrush and Miswak fruit, which only contained geogenic Pb, the samples contained a mixture of geogenic and anthropogenic Pb, with bio-accessible Pb in saliva being mainly from a geogenic source, whereas bio-accessible Pb in the stomach and intestinal fluids was mainly from anthropogenic sources. Despite the fact that leaded petrol was phased out in Saudi Arabia in 2001, a Miswak toothbrush collected on the side of a busy road after exposure for only a few days and Safeer wheat were still being contaminated with Pb and had an isotopic composition matching that of Pb added to petrol. The 208Pb/206Pb isotopic ratio for gastric bio-accessible Pb also matched that reported in tetraethyllead. The 206Pb/207Pb isotopic ratios of intestinal bio-accessible Pb from Qassim wheat and Safeer wheat point to coal combustion as the source. Overall, these results highlight the need for continued Pb monitoring and the value of examining bio-accessible fractions periodically to identify Pb sources.

Trace Elements of Precipitation in the Shigatse Region, Southern Tibetan Plateau

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1652-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Qing Liu ◽  
Yong Jie Yang ◽  
Yi’an Di ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Wei Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Southern Tibetan Plateau

In order to investigate trace elements of precipitation on Tibetan Plateau, a total of 34 precipitation samples have been collected from individual precipitation events at the Shigatse Meteorological Station located in the south Tibetan Plateau in 2008. All samples were analyzed for 12 elements (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Ba and Pb) by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result showed that the average concentrations of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Se, Ag, Ba and Pb were 0.22 μg L-1, 0.17 μg L-1, 2.47 μg L-1, 16.52 μg L-1, 0.07 μg L-1, 1.04 μg L-1, 2.52 μg L-1, 0.29 μg L-1, 0.09 μg L-1, 0.04 μg L-1, 31.54 μg L-1 and 0.10μg L-1, respectively. The concentrations of elements were generally comparable to other background sites, and much lower than urban areas. The enrichment factors indicated that coal combustion along with vehicle and industry emissions may be the main sources of pollution elements.

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