The social desirability of the Type A behaviour pattern

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Type A ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Type B ◽  
Lower Type ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fake Good ◽  
Positive Light ◽  
The Way

SynopsisNearly one hundred subjects completed two Type A behaviour questionnaires twice. First, they were asked to complete them honestly, reporting accurately on their behaviour patterns. Half of the subjects were then asked to fake good, presenting themselves in a positive light, and half to fake bad, presenting themselves in a negative light. There was only a marginal difference on one questionnaire's total score, with fake good subjects having lower Type A (i.e. higher Type B scores) yet nearly every individual question revealed large significant differences. The subjects' own A/B classification did not effect the way in which they faked the questionnaires. The results are discussed in terms of the literature on faking, lay concepts of psychological phenomena and the multidimensionality of the Type A concept.

Type A behaviour pattern and assertive behaviour

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
Thalma E. Lobel ◽  
Lili Bar‐Nof ◽  
Guy L. Winch
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Type B

The assertiveness patterns of Type A coronary‐prone subjects were compared with those of Type B subjects in negative and positive situations. Type As were found to exhibit high assertiveness in both negative and positive situations. Type Bs responded as assertively as Type As in positive situations but less assertively in negative situations. The implications of the results are discussed.

The Role of Type A Behaviour Pattern in Chronic Headache

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel J. Hillhouse ◽  
Edward B. Blanchard ◽  
Kenneth A. Appelbaum ◽  
Cynthia Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Type A ◽  
Behaviour Pattern ◽  
Type B ◽  
Daily Diaries ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Headache Type ◽  
Activity Survey

Chronic headache sufferers (N = 133) were assessed for Type A behaviour pattern using the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). The Type A score frequency distribution for all headache subjects combined, and each headache type separately were examined. Median scores of the all subjects combined group fell into the indeterminate range of Type A scores, that is, neither Type A or Type B. This was also the case for migraine and tension sufferers. Mixed subject's scores fell into the range of scores usually classified as Type A. Forty-five percent of the mixed subjects fit the criteria for Type A behaviour pattern. Follow-up bivariate and multivariate analysis using J AS subscale scores as independent predictors and headache activity scores, from daily diaries, as dependent variables revealed only three correlations which approached significance. These results argue against a clear linear relationship between chronic headache and Type A behaviour pattern. There may be some utility in this construct when differentiated by headache type.

scholarly journals Information Trading en términos de cognición funcional de los corredores: un estudio exploratorio experimental de un solo participante

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronit Laskov-Peled ◽  
Yuval Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Stock Markets ◽  
Type A ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Type B ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Functional Measurement ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Empirical Illustration ◽  
The Way

Information trading (henceforth IT) is a criminal offense in the vicinity of mega stock markets. It gives an unfair and illegal advantage to the buyer of related information. The national and global damage caused by this sort of delinquency is immense, in a yearly scale of trillions. On top of the applied importance of such offenses, they pose a meaningful theoretical and empirical challenge. The present proposal offers an attempt to exemplify the viability of the Functional Theory of Cognition and the methodological counterpart of the theory, Functional Measurement, as a means to establish a basis for related profiling attempts in terms of the functional way IT is coded in the beholders’ (i.e., senior brokers) cognitive system. An exemplary single-participant functional measurement is presented along with a demo empirical illustration of the way the distinction between Type A and Type B brokers can contribute to due profiling. Possible future related scientific ventures are pointed at briefly.

scholarly journals The investigation of the manipulation with scores on amoral dimension of the HEDONICA inventory

Psihologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-148
Author(s):  
Tatjana Mentus ◽  
Goran Opacic ◽  
Goran Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Fake Good ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Context Simulation

Faking on Amoral dimension of the HEDONICA personality inventory was incited by the context simulation instructions: fake good (S2), fake bad (S3) and be honest (S1). Simultaneously, under instruction S1, the scores of respondents were measured on the Amoral facets of Self-concept scale (GSC), the Balanced social desirability scale (BIDR) and the cognitive tests of the fluid (IT2, ALF and RM) and the crystallized (AL4, vocabulary and GSN) intelligence, supposed (Morality), or known from the literature, as possible faking determinants. The score differences on Amoral dimension facets were calculated for S2 and for S3 situations using as a baseline the score in S1 situation. The score differences between S3 and S1 situations (abbreviated as FB) were found to be larger than the ones between S2 and S1 situations (abbreviated as FG). This result indicated that a) Amoral is susceptible to faking, and b) in S3, rather than in S2 situation, respondents displayed higher tendency of faking, or in other words, they incline to make worse rather than good presentation of themselves. The Projection facet of Amoral was most sensitive toward faking. These differences are found to be correlated with the Morality dimension of Self-concept scale and the fluid intelligence factor, but not with the dimensions of Social desirability scale in both situation for almost all faking scores on Amoral facets. Only Brutality was not related to the Morality, and Viciousness was not related to the Gf. This indicated that the dimension Morality of the Self-concept scale is far more correlated with the Amoral dimension of the HEDONICA personality scale than with the Social desirability scale.

scholarly journals Effect of Psychosocial Variables on Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Selan
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Social Facilitation ◽  
Type A ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Type B ◽  
Physical Ability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lifting Task ◽  
Male Subjects

Fifteen male subjects classified as Type A personalities (aggressive, impatient) and fifteen Type B (passive, patient) subjects performed a psychophysical lifting task under three social facilitation conditions: alone (box lowered automatically), with a confederate of similar physical ability lowering the box, and with a confederate of superior physical ability lowering the box. Results indicated that Type A subjects worked at a higher percentage of their aerobic capacity than Type B subjects, and spent less time deciding their maximum acceptable weight. The social facilitation conditions had no significant effect on maximum acceptable weight of lift.

Biological and Morphological Studies on Low-Leukemia-Strain Mice with Hodgkin's-Like Neoplasia Induced by Serial Cell-Free Transmission of Leukemic Organs of SJL/J Strain Mice

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
S. Fujinaga ◽  
K. Maruyama ◽  
C.W. Williams ◽  
K. Sekhri ◽  
L. Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Type A ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Type B ◽  
Viral Origin ◽  
Serial Transfer ◽  
Strain Mouse ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cell Neoplasm ◽  
Free Material

Yumoto and Dmochowski (Cancer Res.27, 2098 (1967)) reported the presence of mature and immature type C leukemia virus particles in leukemic organs and tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, liver, and kidneys of SJL/J strain mice with Hodgki's-like disease or reticulum cell neoplasm (type B). In an attempt to ascertain the possibility that this neoplasia may be of viral origin, experiments with induction and transmission of this neoplasm were carried out using cell-free extracts of leukemic organs from an SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous disease.It has been possible to induce the disease in low-leukemia BALB/c and C3HZB strain mice and serially transfer the neoplasia by cell-free extracts of leukemic organs of these mice. Histological examination revealed the neoplasia to be of either reticulum cell-type A or type B. Serial transfer is now in its fifth passage. In addition leukemic spleen from another SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm (type A) was set up in tissue culture and is now in its 141st serial passage in vitro. Preliminary results indicate that cell-free material of 39th tissue culture passage can reproduce neoplasia in BALB/c mice.

Confound It!

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Kulas ◽  
Rachael Klahr ◽  
Lindsey Knights
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Coding Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Method Factors ◽  
Psychological Inventory

Abstract. Many investigators have noted “reverse-coding” method factors when exploring response pattern structure with psychological inventory data. The current article probes for the existence of a confound in these investigations, whereby an item’s level of saturation with socially desirable content tends to covary with the item’s substantive scale keying. We first investigate its existence, demonstrating that 15 of 16 measures that have been previously implicated as exhibiting a reverse-scoring method effect can also be reasonably characterized as exhibiting a scoring key/social desirability confound. A second set of analyses targets the extent to which the confounding variable may confuse interpretation of factor analytic results and documents strong social desirability associations. The results suggest that assessment developers perhaps consider the social desirability scale value of indicators when constructing scale aggregates (and possibly scales when investigating inter-construct associations). Future investigations would ideally disentangle the confound via experimental manipulation.

The Impact of Endorsing the Belief in a Just World on Social Judgments

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Testé ◽  
Samantha Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Just World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact

The present research examines the social value attributed to endorsing the belief in a just world for self (BJW-S) and for others (BJW-O) in a Western society. We conducted four studies in which we asked participants to assess a target who endorsed BJW-S vs. BJW-O either strongly or weakly. Results showed that endorsement of BJW-S was socially valued and had a greater effect on social utility judgments than it did on social desirability judgments. In contrast, the main effect of endorsement of BJW-O was to reduce the target’s social desirability. The results also showed that the effect of BJW-S on social utility is mediated by the target’s perceived individualism, whereas the effect of BJW-S and BJW-O on social desirability is mediated by the target’s perceived collectivism.

In the eye of the beholder: Considering culture in assessing the social desirability of personality.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Ryan ◽  
Jacob Bradburn ◽  
Sarena Bhatia ◽  
Evan Beals ◽  
Anthony S. Boyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
The Social
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