CSF monoamine metabolites in chronic schizophrenic patients who attempt suicide

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Roy ◽  
Philip Ninan ◽  
Anne Mazonson ◽  
David Pickar ◽  
Daniel Van Kammen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Monoamine Metabolites ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid

SynopsisThe monoamine metabolites 5-hydroxindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) were measured in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 27 chronic schizophrenic patients who at some time had attempted suicide, and were compared with values from 27 chronic schizophrenic patients without a history of attempted suicide. There were no significant differences between either the violent or non-violent attempters and those without a history of attempted suicide in the mean lumbar CSF concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA, the dopamine metabolite HVA, or the norepinephrine metabolite MHPG. Significantly more of the suicide attempters had a previous major depressive episode, had received a course of ECT, and had significantly more psychiatric admissions than those who had never attempted suicide.

Suicidal Behavior in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients: A Follow-up Study

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Roy ◽  
Judy Schreiber ◽  
Anne Mazonson ◽  
David Pickar
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Psychiatric Admissions ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Mean

A follow-up study was carried out of suicidal behavior among 127 chronic schizophrenic patients. We were able to obtain follow-up information for 100 of the 127 patients (78.7%). Over the mean follow-up time of 4½ years, 6 of these 100 patients (6%) had committed suicide and 16 other patients (16%) had attempted suicide. Chronic schizophrenic patients who attempted suicide during the follow-up period, compared with those who did not, had had significantly more psychiatric admissions. Using the data obtained at the time of the index admission we were unable to accurately predict the 6 schizophrenic patients who were known to have subsequently committed suicide.

Screening of bipolarity in a depressed population

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 253-253
Author(s):  
M. Touhami ◽  
F. Ouriaghli ◽  
F. Manoudi ◽  
F. Asri
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Average Period ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Disorder Type

IntroductionIt's not always evident to diagnose a bipolar disorder.The difficulties of diagnosis have been demonstrated by several studies, some of which have shown that one out of two bipolars consulted at least three health professionals before receiving a proper diagnosis, with an average period of 10 years evolution prior to diagnosis. hypomania is often experienced by patients as a pleasant experience and not a pathological one, rarely have they reported this phenomenon spontaneously. Thus, the diagnosis of hypomania or BP-II disorder is not established in 50% of cases.Aimsto find the prevalence of bipolar disorder type II in a population of depressed people in order to highlight the role of scales in the early identification of this disease often under-diagnosed.Methodsa prospective study of screening for a history of hypomania in a population of patients hospitalized for consultants or major depressive episode or recurrent depressive disorder; over a period of three monthsThe diagnoses of MDE and RDD were prepared according to the DSM-IV.TR.The screening tool is the Hypomania Checklist (HCL French version) which was completed by patients or by the psychiatrist of illiterate patients after its translation into Arabic dialectResults:Sample of 35 patients: 20 women and 15 men, average age: 34 years; Composed of 25 RDD and 10 MED15 patients answered “yes” to 10 or more items of the HCL-20, hypomanic history was confirmed by a clinical interview in 13 of them

The rat hippocampus as a target for prolonged stress: Biochemical and behavioral effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
H.J. Krugers ◽  
J. Korf
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Endogenous Depression ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parental Rearing ◽  
Prolonged Stress

The probability that an individual will suffer from a major depressive episode is often considered to be influenced by risk factors such as gender, premature parental loss, exposure to pathogenic parental rearing, personality, a history of traumatic events, a previous history of major depression, low social support, recent stressful life events and difficulties and predisposing genetic influences. Although several studies suffer from methodological limitations, major depression (endogenous depression) is regarded as a multifactorial disorder and understanding its etiology requires the rigorous integration of several risk factors.

Urinary monoamines and monoamine metabolites in subtypes of unipolar depressive disorder and normal controls

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Roy ◽  
David Pickar ◽  
Patrice Douillet ◽  
Farouk Karoum ◽  
Markku Linnoila
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Dysthymic Disorder ◽  
Monoamine Metabolites ◽  
Urinary Catecholamine ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Normal Controls ◽  
Lower Urinary

SynopsisAn examination was made of urinary catecholamine and metabolite outputs in 28 unipolar depressed patients and 25 normal controls. The total group of depressed patients had significantly higher urinary outputs of norepinephrine (NE) and its metabolite normetanephrine (NM), and significantly lower urinary outputs of the dopamine metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), than controls. Patients who met DSM-III criteria for a major depressive episode with melancholia (N = 8) had significantly higher urinary outputs of normetanephrine than controls, whereas patients with a major depressive episode without melancholia (N = 7) and dysthymic disorder patients (N = 8) had levels comparable with controls. We postulate that the higher urinary outputs of norepinephrine and its metabolite, normetanephrine, reflect dysregulation of the sympathetic nervous system in depression.

Antidepressants Augmented with Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S141-S141
Author(s):  
S. Bise ◽  
G. Sulejmanpasic ◽  
D. Begic ◽  
M. Ahmic
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Adjunctive Treatment ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
The Us ◽  
Minimal Improvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Therapy

IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) does not consistently respond to any single antidepressant (AD) therapy. Adjunctive therapy with atypical antipsychotics (AA) showed higher response rates compared with AD monotherapy. Aripiprazole, an oral quinolinone, is the first AA agent to be approved in the US as adjunctive treatment in adult patients with MDD.Aim The aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive low-dose aripiprazole combined with AD versus AD monotherapy in patients with MDD with minimal improvement after 4 weeks of prior AD monotherapy.MethodsTen patients with MDD and a history of minimal improvement to 4 weeks of AD monotherapy (escitalopram 10–15 mg/day, sertralin 50–100 mg/day) were included in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups: one (n = 5) with AD plus aripiprazole 5–7.5 mg/day and the other (n = 5) with AD alone. After baseline assessment, the subjects were followed up at weeks 2, and 4. The primary efficacy was the mean change in (HAM-D17) and CGI-I.ResultsThe aripiprazole group exhibited significantly better efficacy than the AD group in mean total score changes of HAM-D17 and CGI from the baseline to weeks 2, and 4. The item “work and social activities” of HAM-D 17 showed significant improvement at week 4, and the item “somatic symptoms (GI)” showed significant improvement at week 2.ConclusionsAdjunctive aripiprazole therapy significantly improved depressive symptoms in MDD who didn’t respond to AD monotherapy. Aripiprazole augmentation is an efficacious, well-tolerated and safe treatment for patients with MDD.

Mean Beck Depression Inventory–II Scores by Severity of Major Depressive Episode

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1075-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Steer ◽  
Gregory K. Brown ◽  
Aaron T. Beck ◽  
William C. Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Mean

The Beck Depression Inventory–II total scores of 35 (14%) outpatients who were diagnosed with a mild DSM–IV Major Depressive Episode (MDE), 144 (55%) outpatients with a moderate MDE, and 81 (31%) outpatients with a severe MDE were compared. The mean BDI–II total scores were, respectively, 18 ( SD = 8, 99% CI 12–23), 27 ( SD = 10, 99% CI 24–29), and 34 ( SD = 10, 99% CI 30–37) ( F2,257 = 33.25, p < .001). The mean BDI–II total score of the outpatients with a severe specifier was significantly higher than the mean BDI–II total score of the outpatients with a moderate specifier which was, in turn, significantly higher than the mean BDI–II total score of the outpatients with a mild specifier.

Suicidal Attempts and Life Events Among Depressive Adult Outpatients

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
G. Amara ◽  
A. Braham ◽  
S. Ben Nasr ◽  
B. Ben Hadj Ali
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Psychiatric Department ◽  
Early Life Events

Aims:Although a relationship between experience of problematic life events and suicidal behaviour has been recognized during last decades, few studies of life events have been realized among depressive adults.The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between life events and suicidal attempts among depressive adult patients.Methods:Eighty adult outpatients were recruited from the psychiatric department of Farhat Hached hospital of sousse (in Tunisia). All patients were followed up for a Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) according to the DSM IV criteria. They also were in remission for at least four weeks. For life events we used the EVE scale of Ferreri which permitted to assess event nature, event number and patient strategies in front of stressful life events.Results:The gender ratio of the sample was 1.35 and the mean age was 44.4 ± 12.9 years.Twenty five percent of the sample have committed at least one suicidal attempt.Suicidal attempts were positively correlated with the total number of life events (p = 0.001), the number of early life events (p = 0.024) and the number of stressful life events (p < 0.001). Patients with a history of suicidal attempts were more likely to cope negatively with life events (p < 0.001).Conclusion:To prevent suicide, psychotherapies focusing on stress coping could be a good therapeutic alternative among patients with MDD.

Suicide Among Chinese Schizophrenics in Hong Kong

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Cheng ◽  
C. M. Leung ◽  
W. H. Lo ◽  
T. H. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Age At Death ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Suicidal Ideas ◽  
History Of Depression

A descriptive study of suicides in 74 Chinese schizophrenic out-patients (43 male) is presented. The mean age at death was 31.3 years. The mean duration of illness was 8.5 years and 50 of the 74 died within ten years of onset of illness. Only five lived alone; 35 were openly employed and 20 were married at the time of death. Twenty had a history of depression, and 27 had attempted suicide previously. More females had been depressed or had attempted suicide than males. Over half were last admitted for reasons other than schizophrenic symptoms alone and ten died within one month of discharge. Eight of 71 patients followed up expressed suicidal ideas at the last psychiatric contact, but only 15 were symptomatic. Jumping was the commonest method used. Analytical studies are needed to identify risk factors in Chinese schizophrenics.

Some Clinical and Metabolic Aspects of Propranolol in Chronic Schizophrenia

1980 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. King ◽  
S. N. A. Turkson ◽  
J. Liddle ◽  
C. D. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Good Agreement

SummaryNo benefit attributable to propranolol (1000 mg/day) could be detected in a trial lasting at least 22 weeks, 6 weeks of which was double-blind placebo-controlled, in 5 chronic schizophrenic patients. The mean propranolol CSF/plasma ratio was 0.08, and there was good agreement between CSF and free plasma propranolol levels. Basal plasma prolactin was slightly but insignificantly reduced by propranolol, and metoclopramide-stimulated prolactin release was unaffected. Propranolol was associated with a significant temporary increase in HVA, a non-significant rise in 5-HIAA and a significant decrease in MHPG, in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of 4 patients.

Depression, Hopelessness and Suicide in Chronic Schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Drake ◽  
Paul G. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Hospital Records ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
The Relationship

Hospital records for 104 schizophrenic patients, 15 of whom subsequently committed suicide, were rated blindly for individual depressive symptoms comprising DSM III major depressive episode, and for hopelessness. Our results indicate that a large proportion of schizophrenic patients experienced major depressive episodes, and that these can be reliably identified. Presuicidal schizophrenics also experienced depressed mood, but only a minority developed the full syndrome; they typically exhibited the psychological, but not somatic symptoms. The relationship between depression and suicide disappears when hopelessness is taken into account.

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