scholarly journals Differential patterns of activity and functional connectivity in emotion processing neural circuitry to angry and happy faces in adolescents with and without suicide attempt

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2129-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Pan ◽  
S. Hassel ◽  
A. M. Segreti ◽  
S. A. Nau ◽  
D. A. Brent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Lower Activity ◽  
Primary Sensory Cortex ◽  
History Of

BackgroundNeural substrates of emotion dysregulation in adolescent suicide attempters remain unexamined.MethodWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural activity to neutral, mild or intense (i.e. 0%, 50% or 100% intensity) emotion face morphs in two separate emotion-processing runs (angry and happy) in three adolescent groups: (1) history of suicide attempt and depression (ATT, n = 14); (2) history of depression alone (NAT, n = 15); and (3) healthy controls (HC, n = 15). Post-hoc analyses were conducted on interactions from 3 group × 3 condition (intensities) whole-brain analyses (p < 0.05, corrected) for each emotion run.ResultsTo 50% intensity angry faces, ATT showed significantly greater activity than NAT in anterior cingulate gyral–dorsolateral prefrontal cortical attentional control circuitry, primary sensory and temporal cortices; and significantly greater activity than HC in the primary sensory cortex, while NAT had significantly lower activity than HC in the anterior cingulate gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. To neutral faces during the angry emotion-processing run, ATT had significantly lower activity than NAT in the fusiform gyrus. ATT also showed significantly lower activity than HC to 100% intensity happy faces in the primary sensory cortex, and to neutral faces in the happy run in the anterior cingulate and left medial frontal gyri (all p < 0.006,corrected). Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed significantly reduced anterior cingulate gyral–insula functional connectivity to 50% intensity angry faces in ATT v. NAT or HC.ConclusionsElevated activity in attention control circuitry, and reduced anterior cingulate gyral–insula functional connectivity, to 50% intensity angry faces in ATT than other groups suggest that ATT may show inefficient recruitment of attentional control neural circuitry when regulating attention to mild intensity angry faces, which may represent a potential biological marker for suicide risk.

scholarly journals Altered fear processing in adolescents with a history of severe childhood maltreatment: an fMRI study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1092-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hart ◽  
L. Lim ◽  
M. A. Mehta ◽  
A. Simmons ◽  
K. A. H. Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

AbstractBackgroundChildren with a history of maltreatment suffer from altered emotion processing but the neural basis of this phenomenon is unknown. This pioneering functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the effects of severe childhood maltreatment on emotion processing while controlling for psychiatric conditions, medication and substance abuse.MethodTwenty medication-naive, substance abuse-free adolescents with a history of childhood abuse, 20 psychiatric control adolescents matched on psychiatric diagnoses but with no maltreatment and 27 healthy controls underwent a fMRI emotion discrimination task comprising fearful, angry, sad happy and neutral dynamic facial expressions.ResultsMaltreated participants responded faster to fearful expressions and demonstrated hyper-activation compared to healthy controls of classical fear-processing regions of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex, which survived at a more lenient threshold relative to psychiatric controls. Functional connectivity analysis, furthermore, demonstrated reduced connectivity between left vmPFC and insula for fear in maltreated participants compared to both healthy and psychiatric controls.ConclusionsThe findings show that people who have experienced childhood maltreatment have enhanced fear perception, both at the behavioural and neurofunctional levels, associated with enhanced fear-related ventromedial fronto-cingulate activation and altered functional connectivity with associated limbic regions. Furthermore, the connectivity adaptations were specific to the maltreatment rather than to the developing psychiatric conditions, whilst the functional changes were only evident at trend level when compared to psychiatric controls, suggesting a continuum. The neurofunctional hypersensitivity of fear-processing networks may be due to childhood over-exposure to fear in people who have been abused.

Prefrontal BOLD Responses Coupled to Changing Emotional Faces in Adolescents with and without a History of Suicide Attempt

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry W. Chase ◽  
Anna Maria Segreti ◽  
Jay C. Fournier ◽  
Mary L. Phillips ◽  
David Brent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Bold Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Background: Functional abnormalities in emotion processing neural circuitry in adolescents with a history of suicide attempt relative to depressed adolescents with no history of suicide and healthy controls have been identified, typically utilizing static face presentations. Objective: The objective of the present work was to characterize functional activations associated with emotional face processing in adolescents with and without a history of suicide attempt. Methods: 64 adolescents including 19 with a history of depression and suicide attempt (ATT), 22 with a history of depression but no suicide attempt (NAT) and 23 healthy controls (HC) performed an implicit emotional-faces task during functional neuroimaging, in which they identified a color label superimposed on neutral faces that dynamically morphed into one of four emotional faces (angry, fearful, sad, and happy). Results: HC showed greater Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) responses compared with ATT in the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (rDLPFC) to all emotional faces compared to shapes. A similar pattern of group differences was seen when both ATT and NAT groups were compared with HC. Across all participants, an association between child trauma and rDLPFC activation was seen, although this was not corrected for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: Together, the findings are consistent with prior observations of emotion-related alterations in neural function in suicide attempters. However, they also suggest that adequate control groups are necessary to dissociate specific correlates of suicide risk from depression or trauma severity, which may contribute to prefrontal alterations in emotion processing.

scholarly journals Neural response during attentional control and emotion processing predicts improvement after cognitive behavioral therapy in generalized social anxiety disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (14) ◽  
pp. 3109-3121 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Klumpp ◽  
D. A. Fitzgerald ◽  
M. Angstadt ◽  
D. Post ◽  
K. L. Phan
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Treatment Activity

BackgroundIndividuals with generalized social anxiety disorder (gSAD) exhibit attentional bias to salient stimuli, which is reduced in patients whose symptoms improve after treatment, indicating that mechanisms of bias mediate treatment success. Therefore, pre-treatment activity in regions implicated in attentional control over socio-emotional signals (e.g. anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) may predict response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), evidence-based psychotherapy for gSAD.MethodDuring functional magnetic resonance imaging, 21 participants with gSAD viewed images comprising a trio of geometric shapes (circles, rectangles or triangles) alongside a trio of faces (angry, fearful or happy) within the same field of view. Attentional control was evaluated with the instruction to ‘match shapes’, directing attention away from faces, which was contrasted with ‘match faces’, whereby attention was directed to emotional faces.ResultsWhole-brain voxel-wise analyses showed that symptom improvement was predicted by enhanced pre-treatment activity in the presence of emotional face distractors in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex. Additionally, CBT success was foretold by less activity in the amygdala and/or increased activity in the medial orbitofrontal gyrus during emotion processing.ConclusionsCBT response was predicted by pre-treatment activity in prefrontal regions and the amygdala. The direction of activity suggests that individuals with intact attentional control in the presence of emotional distractors, regulatory capacity over emotional faces and/or less reactivity to such faces are more likely to benefit from CBT. Findings indicate that baseline neural activity in the context of attentional control and emotion processing may serve as a step towards delineating mechanisms by which CBT exerts its effects.

scholarly journals Anterior cingulate hyperactivations during negative emotion processing among men with schizophrenia and a history of violent behavior

2016 ◽  
pp. 1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dumais ◽  
Andràs Tikàsz ◽  
Stéphane Potvin ◽  
Ovidiu Lungu ◽  
Christian Joyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
History Of

Magnetic resonance imaging markers of suicide attempt and suicide risk in adolescents

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra C. Martin ◽  
Thomas J. Zimmer ◽  
Lisa A. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Cortical Regions

More than 36,000 people in the United States die from suicide annually, and suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescence. Adolescence is a time of high risk for suicidal behavior, as well as a time that intervention and treatment may have the greatest impact because of structural brain changes and significant psychosocial development during this period. Functional and structural neuroimaging studies in adults who have attempted suicide suggest distinct gray matter volume abnormalities in cortical regions, as well as prefrontal cortical and dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus neural circuitry differences compared with affective and healthy adult controls. Recent functional neuroimaging studies in adolescents with a history of suicide attempt suggest differences in the attention and salience networks compared with adolescents with depression and no history of suicide attempt and healthy controls when viewing angry faces. In contrast, no abnormalities are seen in these areas in the absence of emotional stimuli. These networks may represent promising targets for future neuroimaging studies to identify markers of risk for future suicide attempt in adolescents.

scholarly journals Specialization and integration of functional thalamocortical connectivity in the human infant

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (20) ◽  
pp. 6485-6490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary Toulmin ◽  
Christian F. Beckmann ◽  
Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh ◽  
Gareth Ball ◽  
Pumza Nongena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Integration ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Network Development ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Primary Sensory Cortex

Connections between the thalamus and cortex develop rapidly before birth, and aberrant cerebral maturation during this period may underlie a number of neurodevelopmental disorders. To define functional thalamocortical connectivity at the normal time of birth, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to measure blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signals in 66 infants, 47 of whom were at high risk of neurocognitive impairment because of birth before 33 wk of gestation and 19 of whom were term infants. We segmented the thalamus based on correlation with functionally defined cortical components using independent component analysis (ICA) and seed-based correlations. After parcellating the cortex using ICA and segmenting the thalamus based on dominant connections with cortical parcellations, we observed a near-facsimile of the adult functional parcellation. Additional analysis revealed that BOLD signal in heteromodal association cortex typically had more widespread and overlapping thalamic representations than primary sensory cortex. Notably, more extreme prematurity was associated with increased functional connectivity between thalamus and lateral primary sensory cortex but reduced connectivity between thalamus and cortex in the prefrontal, insular and anterior cingulate regions. This work suggests that, in early infancy, functional integration through thalamocortical connections depends on significant functional overlap in the topographic organization of the thalamus and that the experience of premature extrauterine life modulates network development, altering the maturation of networks thought to support salience, executive, integrative, and cognitive functions.

scholarly journals The Association Between Resting State Functional Connectivity and the Trait of Impulsivity and Suicidal Ideation in Young Depressed Patients With Suicide Attempts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Cao ◽  
Xiaorong Chen ◽  
Jianmei Chen ◽  
Ming Ai ◽  
Yao Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Middle

Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth and is strongly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neurobiological underpinnings of suicidal behaviour and the identification of risk for suicide in young depressed patients are not yet well-understood. In this study, we used a seed-based correlation analysis to investigate the differences in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in depressed youth with or without a history of suicide attempts and healthy controls (HCs). Suicidal attempters (ATT group, n = 35), non-suicide attempters (NAT group, n = 18), and HCs exhibited significantly different RSFC patterns with the left superior prefrontal gyrus (L-SFG) and left middle prefrontal gyrus (L-MFG) serving as the regions of interest (ROIs). The ATT group showed decreased RSFC of the left middle frontal gyrus with the left superior parietal gyrus compared to the NAT and HC groups. Decreased RSFC between the left superior frontal gyrus and the right anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) was found in the ATT group compared to the NAT and HC groups. Furthermore, the left prefrontal-parietal connectivity was associated with suicidal ideation and levels of impulsivity, but RSFC of the left prefrontal cortex with the rACC was correlated exclusively with impulsivity levels and was not related to suicidal ideation in the ATT group. Our results demonstrated that altered RSFC of the prefrontal-parietal and prefrontal-rACC regions was associated with suicide attempts in depressed youth, and state-related deficits in their interconnectivity may contribute to traits, such as cognitive impairments and impulsivity to facilitate suicidal acts. Our findings suggest that the neural correlates of suicidal behaviours might be dissociable from those related to the severity of current suicidal ideation. Neural circuits underlying suicide attempts differ from those that underlie suicidal ideation.

scholarly journals Right superior temporal gyrus volume in adolescents with a history of suicide attempt

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Pan ◽  
Lisa Ramos ◽  
AnnaMaria Segreti ◽  
David A. Brent ◽  
Mary L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

SummaryThe extent to which observed differences in emotion processing and regulation neural circuitry in adolescents with a history of suicide attempt are paralleled by structural differences is unknown. We measured brain cortical thickness and grey- and white-matter volumes in 100 adolescents: 28 with a history of suicide attempt and major depressive disorder (MDD); 31 with a history of MDD but no suicide attempt; and a healthy control group (n = 41). The first group compared with controls showed reduction in grey-matter volume in the right superior temporal gyrus (BA38), a region important for social emotion processing.

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