Prefrontal BOLD Responses Coupled to Changing Emotional Faces in Adolescents with and without a History of Suicide Attempt

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry W. Chase ◽  
Anna Maria Segreti ◽  
Jay C. Fournier ◽  
Mary L. Phillips ◽  
David Brent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Bold Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Background: Functional abnormalities in emotion processing neural circuitry in adolescents with a history of suicide attempt relative to depressed adolescents with no history of suicide and healthy controls have been identified, typically utilizing static face presentations. Objective: The objective of the present work was to characterize functional activations associated with emotional face processing in adolescents with and without a history of suicide attempt. Methods: 64 adolescents including 19 with a history of depression and suicide attempt (ATT), 22 with a history of depression but no suicide attempt (NAT) and 23 healthy controls (HC) performed an implicit emotional-faces task during functional neuroimaging, in which they identified a color label superimposed on neutral faces that dynamically morphed into one of four emotional faces (angry, fearful, sad, and happy). Results: HC showed greater Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) responses compared with ATT in the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (rDLPFC) to all emotional faces compared to shapes. A similar pattern of group differences was seen when both ATT and NAT groups were compared with HC. Across all participants, an association between child trauma and rDLPFC activation was seen, although this was not corrected for multiple comparisons. Conclusions: Together, the findings are consistent with prior observations of emotion-related alterations in neural function in suicide attempters. However, they also suggest that adequate control groups are necessary to dissociate specific correlates of suicide risk from depression or trauma severity, which may contribute to prefrontal alterations in emotion processing.

scholarly journals Altered fear processing in adolescents with a history of severe childhood maltreatment: an fMRI study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1092-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hart ◽  
L. Lim ◽  
M. A. Mehta ◽  
A. Simmons ◽  
K. A. H. Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

AbstractBackgroundChildren with a history of maltreatment suffer from altered emotion processing but the neural basis of this phenomenon is unknown. This pioneering functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the effects of severe childhood maltreatment on emotion processing while controlling for psychiatric conditions, medication and substance abuse.MethodTwenty medication-naive, substance abuse-free adolescents with a history of childhood abuse, 20 psychiatric control adolescents matched on psychiatric diagnoses but with no maltreatment and 27 healthy controls underwent a fMRI emotion discrimination task comprising fearful, angry, sad happy and neutral dynamic facial expressions.ResultsMaltreated participants responded faster to fearful expressions and demonstrated hyper-activation compared to healthy controls of classical fear-processing regions of ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex, which survived at a more lenient threshold relative to psychiatric controls. Functional connectivity analysis, furthermore, demonstrated reduced connectivity between left vmPFC and insula for fear in maltreated participants compared to both healthy and psychiatric controls.ConclusionsThe findings show that people who have experienced childhood maltreatment have enhanced fear perception, both at the behavioural and neurofunctional levels, associated with enhanced fear-related ventromedial fronto-cingulate activation and altered functional connectivity with associated limbic regions. Furthermore, the connectivity adaptations were specific to the maltreatment rather than to the developing psychiatric conditions, whilst the functional changes were only evident at trend level when compared to psychiatric controls, suggesting a continuum. The neurofunctional hypersensitivity of fear-processing networks may be due to childhood over-exposure to fear in people who have been abused.

scholarly journals Readmissions for Depression and Suicide Attempt following Stroke and Myocardial Infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Laura K. Stein ◽  
Alana Kornspun ◽  
John Erdman ◽  
Mandip S. Dhamoon
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Discharge Home ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
History Of Depression

Background and Purpose: Rates of depression after ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI) are significantly higher than in the general population and associated with morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of nationally representative data comparing depression and suicide attempt (SA) after these distinct ischemic vascular events. Methods: The 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database contains >14 million US admissions for all payers and the uninsured. Using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification Codes, we identified index admission with IS (n = 434,495) or MI (n = 539,550) and readmission for depression or SA. We calculated weighted frequencies of readmission. We performed adjusted Cox regression to calculate hazard ratio (HR) for readmission for depression and SA up to 1 year following IS versus MI. Analyses were stratified by discharge home versus elsewhere. Results: Weighted depression readmission rates were higher at 30, 60, and 90 days in patients with IS versus MI (0.04%, 0.09%, 0.12% vs. 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, respectively). There was no significant difference in SA readmissions between groups. The adjusted HR for readmission due to depression was 1.49 for IS versus MI (95% CI 1.25–1.79, p < 0.0001). History of depression (HR 3.70 [3.07–4.46]), alcoholism (2.04 [1.34–3.09]), and smoking (1.38 [1.15–1.64]) were associated with increased risk of depression readmission. Age >70 years (0.46 [0.37–0.56]) and discharge home (0.69 [0.57–0.83]) were associated with reduced hazards of readmission due to depression. Conclusions: IS was associated with greater hazard of readmission due to depression compared to MI. Patients with a history of depression, smoking, and alcoholism were more likely to be readmitted with depression, while advanced age and discharge home were protective. It is unclear to what extent differences in type of ischemic tissue damage and disability contribute, and further investigation is warranted.

scholarly journals Differences in neural and cognitive response to emotional faces in middle-aged dizygotic twins at familial risk of depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2345-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Miskowiak ◽  
A. M. B. Svendsen ◽  
C. J. Harmer ◽  
R. Elliott ◽  
J. Macoveanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Dizygotic Twins ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundNegative bias and aberrant neural processing of emotional faces are trait-marks of depression but findings in healthy high-risk groups are conflicting.MethodsHealthy middle-aged dizygotic twins (N = 42) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): 22 twins had a co-twin history of depression (high-risk) and 20 were without co-twin history of depression (low-risk). During fMRI, participants viewed fearful and happy faces while performing a gender discrimination task. After the scan, they were given a faces dot-probe task, a facial expression recognition task and questionnaires assessing mood, personality traits and coping.ResultsUnexpectedly, high-risk twins showed reduced fear vigilance and lower recognition of fear and happiness relative to low-risk twins. During face processing in the scanner, high-risk twins displayed distinct negative functional coupling between the amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex and pregenual anterior cingulate. This was accompanied by greater fear-specific fronto-temporal response and reduced fronto-occipital response to all emotional faces relative to baseline. The risk groups showed no differences in mood, subjective state or coping.ConclusionsLess susceptibility to fearful faces and negative cortico-limbic coupling during emotional face processing may reflect neurocognitive compensatory mechanisms in middle-aged dizygotic twins who remain healthy despite their familial risk of depression.

scholarly journals Research on serotonin and suicidal behavior: neuroendocrine and molecular approaches

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-416
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Serotonergic Function

We carried out two studies to test the hypothesis that altered central serotonergic function, as assessed by lower prolactin (PRL) response to fenfluramine (D-FEN), is more closely associated with suicidal behavior than a particular psychiatric diagnosis. A D-FEN test was performed in 85 major depressed inpatients, 33 schizophrenic inpatients, and 18 healthy controls. We showed that PRL response to D-FEN is a marker of suicidality, regardless of psychiatric disorder. We then examined the association en the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) receptor 5-HT(2A) gene polymorphism (T102C) and suicide in a sample of Brazilian psychiatric inpatients (95 with schizophrenia, 78 with major depression) and 52 healthy controls. No differences were found in genotypic frequencies across patients and controls. Overall, no differences were found between patients with (n=66) and without (n=107) a history of suicide attempt. We also compared patients with a history of severe suicide attempts (lethality>3; n=32) and patients without such a history (n=107), but they did not exhibit different genotypic frequencies either. These results show thai the 5-HT(2A) gene polymorphism (T102C) may not be involved in the genetic susceptibility to suicidal behavior.

Antidepressant Medication May Moderate the Effect of Depression Duration on Hippocampus Volume

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Rogers ◽  
Hidenori Yamasue ◽  
Kiyoto Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Treatment History ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression ◽  
Hippocampus Volume

Abstract. Hippocampus volume has been frequently, but not universally reported to be reduced in people with major depression relative to age-matched healthy controls. Among the potential reasons for this discrepancy in finding across studies is the effect of antidepressant medication. Hippocampus volume was determined by MRI (1.5 Tesla) for 10 people diagnosed with major depression for who detailed history of depression and antidepressant treatment history were known, and 10 age-matched healthy controls with no history of depression. Left, but not right, hippocampus volumes were significantly smaller in the patient group compared to the controls. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation such that left hippocampus volume was smaller with increasing lifetime duration of depression. However, this relationship was moderated by a significant correlation such that greater lifetime duration of antidepressant medication was associated with larger left hippocampus volume. The findings support the contention that antidepressant medication may act to normalize hippocampus volume.

Interaction between a history of depression and rumination on neural response to emotional faces

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1845-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Thomas ◽  
R. Elliott ◽  
S. McKie ◽  
D. Arnone ◽  
D. Downey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Consistent Picture ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundBoth past depressive episodes and the personality trait of depressive rumination are strong risk factors for future depression. Depression is associated with abnormal emotional processing, which may be a neurobiological marker for vulnerability to depression. A consistent picture has yet to emerge as to how a history of depression and the tendency to ruminate influence emotional processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rumination, past depression and neural responses when processing face emotions.MethodThe Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) was completed by 30 remitted depressives and 37 controls who underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while viewing happy, sad, fearful and neutral faces.ResultsThe remitted depressives showed overall reductions in neural responses to negative emotions relative to the controls. However, in the remitted depressives, but not the controls, RRS scores were correlated with increased neural responses to negative emotions and decreased responses to happiness in limbic regions.ConclusionsAutomatic emotion processing biases and rumination seem to be correlated to aspects of vulnerability to depression. However, remission from depression may be maintained by a general suppression of limbic responsiveness to negative emotion.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte subsets and their association with the severity of patients with major depressive disorder (mdd)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Noor Suryani Mohd Ashari ◽  
Siti Nor Fairus Mohamed Sanusi ◽  
Mohd Azhar Mohd Yasin ◽  
Rohimah Mohamud ◽  
Che Maraina Che Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Family History ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Depression ◽  
History Of Depression

Introduction: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) isexpected to become the second leading cause of worldwide disability by the year 2020 and the major contributor to the overall global burden of disease.Objective: This study was done to compare sociodemographicpredisposingfactors in MDD patients and controls in Kelantan, Malaysia.Methods: A total of 47 MDD patients and 47 healthy controls participated in this study. MDD patients were recruited from Psychiatric Clinic, HUSM and they were diagnosed according to DSM-V criteria. Patients’ biodata, medical and psychiatric history were taken by physician. Data were analysed using Pearson Chi-square and multiple logistic regression.Results: In MDD group, 61.7% were females and 38.3% were males. Forty two percent of MDD were in the age group of 45 to 65 years old and almost 12.8% of MDD patients had family history of depression, while all healthy controls were in good general health and had no family history of depression. Pearson Chi-square revealed that there were significant associations between smoking status (P=0.027), marital status (P=0.007) educational level (P=0.022) and area of living (P=0.0.036) with MDD. The results showed that unmarried person were less likely to have MDD compared to those married with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.31. Smoker were 5.16 at odds of having MDD as compared to non-smoker, while individuals with a low education were more likely to have MDD compared to those highly educated with adjusted OR of 2.04. The result also showed those living in urban area were less likely to have MDD compared to those living in rural area with adjusted OR of 0.48.Conclusion: Higher age, female and positive family history possess a higher tendency of having MDD. In addition, smokers, married, less educated and living in rural area were more likely to have MDD compared to healthy controls.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 02 April’19. Page: 80-87

Magnetic resonance imaging markers of suicide attempt and suicide risk in adolescents

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra C. Martin ◽  
Thomas J. Zimmer ◽  
Lisa A. Pan
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
History Of ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Cortical Regions

More than 36,000 people in the United States die from suicide annually, and suicide is the third leading cause of death in adolescence. Adolescence is a time of high risk for suicidal behavior, as well as a time that intervention and treatment may have the greatest impact because of structural brain changes and significant psychosocial development during this period. Functional and structural neuroimaging studies in adults who have attempted suicide suggest distinct gray matter volume abnormalities in cortical regions, as well as prefrontal cortical and dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus neural circuitry differences compared with affective and healthy adult controls. Recent functional neuroimaging studies in adolescents with a history of suicide attempt suggest differences in the attention and salience networks compared with adolescents with depression and no history of suicide attempt and healthy controls when viewing angry faces. In contrast, no abnormalities are seen in these areas in the absence of emotional stimuli. These networks may represent promising targets for future neuroimaging studies to identify markers of risk for future suicide attempt in adolescents.

scholarly journals Differential patterns of activity and functional connectivity in emotion processing neural circuitry to angry and happy faces in adolescents with and without suicide attempt

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 2129-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Pan ◽  
S. Hassel ◽  
A. M. Segreti ◽  
S. A. Nau ◽  
D. A. Brent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Lower Activity ◽  
Primary Sensory Cortex ◽  
History Of

BackgroundNeural substrates of emotion dysregulation in adolescent suicide attempters remain unexamined.MethodWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural activity to neutral, mild or intense (i.e. 0%, 50% or 100% intensity) emotion face morphs in two separate emotion-processing runs (angry and happy) in three adolescent groups: (1) history of suicide attempt and depression (ATT, n = 14); (2) history of depression alone (NAT, n = 15); and (3) healthy controls (HC, n = 15). Post-hoc analyses were conducted on interactions from 3 group × 3 condition (intensities) whole-brain analyses (p < 0.05, corrected) for each emotion run.ResultsTo 50% intensity angry faces, ATT showed significantly greater activity than NAT in anterior cingulate gyral–dorsolateral prefrontal cortical attentional control circuitry, primary sensory and temporal cortices; and significantly greater activity than HC in the primary sensory cortex, while NAT had significantly lower activity than HC in the anterior cingulate gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. To neutral faces during the angry emotion-processing run, ATT had significantly lower activity than NAT in the fusiform gyrus. ATT also showed significantly lower activity than HC to 100% intensity happy faces in the primary sensory cortex, and to neutral faces in the happy run in the anterior cingulate and left medial frontal gyri (all p < 0.006,corrected). Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed significantly reduced anterior cingulate gyral–insula functional connectivity to 50% intensity angry faces in ATT v. NAT or HC.ConclusionsElevated activity in attention control circuitry, and reduced anterior cingulate gyral–insula functional connectivity, to 50% intensity angry faces in ATT than other groups suggest that ATT may show inefficient recruitment of attentional control neural circuitry when regulating attention to mild intensity angry faces, which may represent a potential biological marker for suicide risk.

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