Acute fluoxetine modulates emotional processing in young adult volunteers

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 2295-2308 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Capitão ◽  
S. E. Murphy ◽  
M. Browning ◽  
P. J. Cowen ◽  
C. J. Harmer
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Affective Information ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Adult Volunteers

BackgroundFluoxetine is generally regarded as the first-line pharmacological treatment for young people, as it is believed to show a more favourable benefit:risk ratio than other antidepressants. However, the mechanisms through which fluoxetine influences symptoms in youth have been little investigated. This study examined whether acute administration of fluoxetine in a sample of young healthy adults altered the processing of affective information, including positive, sad and anger cues.MethodA total of 35 male and female volunteers aged between 18 and 21 years old were randomized to receive a single 20 mg dose of fluoxetine or placebo. At 6 h after administration, participants completed a facial expression recognition task, an emotion-potentiated startle task, an attentional dot-probe task and the Rapid Serial Visual Presentation. Subjective ratings of mood, anxiety and side effects were also taken pre- and post-fluoxetine/placebo administration.ResultsRelative to placebo-treated participants, participants receiving fluoxetine were less accurate at identifying anger and sadness and did not show the emotion-potentiated startle effect. There were no overall significant effects of fluoxetine on subjective ratings of mood.ConclusionsFluoxetine can modulate emotional processing after a single dose in young adults. This pattern of effects suggests a potential cognitive mechanism for the greater benefit:risk ratio of fluoxetine in adolescent patients.

scholarly journals Highly neurotic never-depressed students have negative biases in information processing

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1281-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
STELLA W. Y. CHAN ◽  
GUY M. GOODWIN ◽  
CATHERINE J. HARMER
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Global Memory ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Cognitive Vulnerabilities ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
Executive Deficits ◽  
Per Se

ABSTRACTBackgroundCognitive theories associate depression with negative biases in information processing. Although negatively biased cognitions are well documented in depressed patients and to some extent in recovered patients, it remains unclear whether these abnormalities are present before the first depressive episode.MethodHigh neuroticism (N) is a well-recognized risk factor for depression. The current study therefore compared different aspects of emotional processing in 33 high-N never-depressed and 32 low-N matched volunteers. Awakening salivary cortisol, which is often elevated in severely depressed patients, was measured to explore the neurobiological substrate of neuroticism.ResultsHigh-N volunteers showed increased processing of negative and/or decreased processing of positive information in emotional categorization and memory, facial expression recognition and emotion-potentiated startle (EPS), in the absence of global memory or executive deficits. By contrast, there was no evidence for effects of neuroticism on attentional bias (as measured with the dot-probe task), over-general autobiographical memory, or awakening cortisol levels.ConclusionsThese results suggest that certain negative processing biases precede depression rather than arising as a result of depressive experience per se and as such could in part mediate the vulnerability of high-N subjects to depression. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm that such cognitive vulnerabilities predict subsequent depression in individual subjects.

scholarly journals Effect of the NMDA receptor partial agonist, d-cycloserine, on emotional processing and autobiographical memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Runsen Chen ◽  
Liliana P. Capitão ◽  
Philip J. Cowen ◽  
Catherine J. Harmer
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Double Blind

Abstract Background Studies suggest that d-cycloserine (DCS) may have antidepressant potential through its interaction with the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; however, clinical evidence of DCS's efficacy as a treatment for depression is limited. Other evidence suggests that DCS affects emotional learning which may also be relevant for the treatment of depression and anxiety. The aim of the present investigation was to assess the effect of DCS on emotional processing in healthy volunteers and to further characterise its effects on emotional and autobiographical memory. Methods Forty healthy volunteers were randomly allocated to a single dose of 250 mg DCS or placebo in a double-blind design. Three hours later, participants performed an Emotional Test Battery [including Facial Expression Recognition Task (FERT), Emotional Categorisation Task (ECAT), Emotional Recall Task (EREC), Facial Dot-Probe Task (FDOT) and Emotional Recognition Memory Task (EMEM)] and an Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT). Also, participants performed the FERT, EREC and AMT tasks again after 24 h in order to assess longer lasting effects of a single dose of DCS. Results DCS did not significantly affect the FERT, EMEM and FDOT performance but significantly increased emotional memory and classification for positive words v. negative words. Also, DCS enhanced the retrieval of more specific autobiographical memories, and this effect persisted at 24 h. Conclusions These findings support the suggestion that low-dose DCS increases specific autobiographical memory retrieval and positive emotional memory. Such effects make it an intriguing agent for further investigation in clinical depression, which is characterised by decreased autobiographical memory specificity and increased negative bias in memory recall. It also underscores the potential role of DCS as an adjunct to cognitive behavioural therapy in depression.

scholarly journals The effects of medication and current mood upon facial emotion recognition: findings from a large bipolar disorder cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C Bilderbeck ◽  
Lauren Z Atkinson ◽  
John R Geddes ◽  
Guy M Goodwin ◽  
Catherine J Harmer
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Dopamine Antagonists ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Current Mood

Objectives: Emotional processing abnormalities have been implicated in bipolar disorder (BD) but studies are typically small and uncontrolled. Here, facial expression recognition was explored in a large and naturalistically recruited cohort of BD patients. Methods: 271 patients with BD completed the facial expression recognition task. The effects of current medication together with the influence of current mood state and diagnostic subtype were assessed whilst controlling for the effects of demographic variables. Results: Patients who were currently receiving treatment with lithium demonstrated significantly poorer accuracy in recognising angry faces, an effect that held in a monotherapy sub-analysis comparing those participants on lithium only and those who were medication-free. Accuracy in recognising angry faces was also lower amongst participants currently taking dopamine antagonists (antipsychotics). Higher levels of current depressive symptoms were linked to poorer accuracy at identifying happy faces. Conclusion: Use of lithium and possibly dopamine antagonists may be associated with reduced processing of anger cues in BD. Findings support the existence of mood-congruent negative biases associated with depressive symptoms in BD. Observational cohort studies provide opportunities to explore the substantial effects of demographic, psychometric and clinical variables on cognitive performance and emotional processing.

scholarly journals State-dependent alteration in face emotion recognition in depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian M. Anderson ◽  
Clare Shippen ◽  
Gabriella Juhasz ◽  
Diana Chase ◽  
Emma Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
History Of ◽  
Remitted Depression ◽  
Face Emotion Recognition ◽  
History Of Depression

BackgroundNegative biases in emotional processing are well recognised in people who are currently depressed but are less well described in those with a history of depression, where such biases may contribute to vulnerability to relapse.AimsTo compare accuracy, discrimination and bias in face emotion recognition in those with current and remitted depression.MethodThe sample comprised a control group (n = 101), a currently depressed group (n = 30) and a remitted depression group (n = 99). Participants provided valid data after receiving a computerised face emotion recognition task following standardised assessment of diagnosis and mood symptoms.ResultsIn the control group women were more accurate in recognising emotions than men owing to greater discrimination. Among participants with depression, those in remission correctly identified more emotions than controls owing to increased response bias, whereas those currently depressed recognised fewer emotions owing to decreased discrimination. These effects were most marked for anger, fear and sadness but there was no significant emotion × group interaction, and a similar pattern tended to be seen for happiness although not for surprise or disgust. These differences were confined to participants who were antidepressant-free, with those taking antidepressants having similar results to the control group.ConclusionsAbnormalities in face emotion recognition differ between people with current depression and those in remission. Reduced discrimination in depressed participants may reflect withdrawal from the emotions of others, whereas the increased bias in those with a history of depression could contribute to vulnerability to relapse. The normal face emotion recognition seen in those taking medication may relate to the known effects of antidepressants on emotional processing and could contribute to their ability to protect against depressive relapse.

scholarly journals On-Road Driver Emotion Recognition Using Facial Expression

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Huafei Xiao ◽  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Guanzhong Zeng ◽  
Yingzhang Wu ◽  
Jiyong Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotion Detection ◽  
Backbone Networks ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Machine Systems

With the development of intelligent automotive human-machine systems, driver emotion detection and recognition has become an emerging research topic. Facial expression-based emotion recognition approaches have achieved outstanding results on laboratory-controlled data. However, these studies cannot represent the environment of real driving situations. In order to address this, this paper proposes a facial expression-based on-road driver emotion recognition network called FERDERnet. This method divides the on-road driver facial expression recognition task into three modules: a face detection module that detects the driver’s face, an augmentation-based resampling module that performs data augmentation and resampling, and an emotion recognition module that adopts a deep convolutional neural network pre-trained on FER and CK+ datasets and then fine-tuned as a backbone for driver emotion recognition. This method adopts five different backbone networks as well as an ensemble method. Furthermore, to evaluate the proposed method, this paper collected an on-road driver facial expression dataset, which contains various road scenarios and the corresponding driver’s facial expression during the driving task. Experiments were performed on the on-road driver facial expression dataset that this paper collected. Based on efficiency and accuracy, the proposed FERDERnet with Xception backbone was effective in identifying on-road driver facial expressions and obtained superior performance compared to the baseline networks and some state-of-the-art networks.

Auditory–Visual Aversive Stimuli Modulate the Conscious Experience of Fear

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Taffou ◽  
Rachid Guerchouche ◽  
George Drettakis ◽  
Isabelle Viaud-Delmon
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Visual Channel ◽  
Sensory Pathways ◽  
Aversive Stimuli ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance ◽  
Affective Information ◽  
Multisensory Information ◽  
The Impact

In a natural environment, affective information is perceived via multiple senses, mostly audition and vision. However, the impact of multisensory information on affect remains relatively undiscovered. In this study, we investigated whether the auditory–visual presentation of aversive stimuli influences the experience of fear. We used the advantages of virtual reality to manipulate multisensory presentation and to display potentially fearful dog stimuli embedded in a natural context. We manipulated the affective reactions evoked by the dog stimuli by recruiting two groups of participants: dog-fearful and non-fearful participants. The sensitivity to dog fear was assessed psychometrically by a questionnaire and also at behavioral and subjective levels using a Behavioral Avoidance Test (BAT). Participants navigated in virtual environments, in which they encountered virtual dog stimuli presented through the auditory channel, the visual channel or both. They were asked to report their fear using Subjective Units of Distress. We compared the fear for unimodal (visual or auditory) and bimodal (auditory–visual) dog stimuli. Dog-fearful participants as well as non-fearful participants reported more fear in response to bimodal audiovisual compared to unimodal presentation of dog stimuli. These results suggest that fear is more intense when the affective information is processed via multiple sensory pathways, which might be due to a cross-modal potentiation. Our findings have implications for the field of virtual reality-based therapy of phobias. Therapies could be refined and improved by implicating and manipulating the multisensory presentation of the feared situations.

Emotional Facial Expression Recognition Task

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fischer-Shofty ◽  
S. G. Shamay-Tsoorya ◽  
H. Harari ◽  
Y. Levkovitz
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Emotional Facial Expression

Application and Benefits of the Virtual Reality Technique for Product Conceptual Design

2010 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 568-571
Author(s):  
Chiuhsiang Joe Lin ◽  
Shiau Feng Lin ◽  
Rou Wen Wang ◽  
Tien Lung Sun ◽  
Chin Jung Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Presentation Methods ◽  
To Receive

Selecting a right way to display the conceptual design results is an important issue for designers. This study evaluated three common computerized visual presentation methods for demonstrating the conceptual ideas of product designs. They are pictures, animations, and image-based VR. After evaluations, this study found that the image-based VR reached the best results of getting the ideas of the conceptual design. It is therefore suggested to use the image-based VR approach if designers wish to receive the most possible advices and feedback, especially in restricted presenting time. The image-based VR approach will help users understand many aspects and considerations of the designer’s conceptual ideas more easily and quickly.

Facial Expression and Sex Recognition in Schizophrenia and Depression

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Bediou ◽  
Pierre Krolak-Salmon ◽  
Mohamed Saoud ◽  
Marie-Anne Henaff ◽  
Michael Burt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Sex Recognition ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Expression Processing ◽  
Selective Impairment

Background: Impaired facial expression recognition in schizophrenia patients contributes to abnormal social functioning and may predict functional outcome in these patients. Facial expression processing involves individual neural networks that have been shown to malfunction in schizophrenia. Whether these patients have a selective deficit in facial expression recognition or a more global impairment in face processing remains controversial. Objective: To investigate whether patients with schizophrenia exhibit a selective impairment in facial emotional expression recognition, compared with patients with major depression and healthy control subjects. Methods: We studied performance in facial expression recognition and facial sex recognition paradigms, using original morphed faces, in a population with schizophrenia ( n = 29) and compared their scores with those of depression patients ( n = 20) and control subjects ( n = 20). Results: Schizophrenia patients achieved lower scores than both other groups in the expression recognition task, particularly in fear and disgust recognition. Sex recognition was unimpaired. Conclusion: Facial expression recognition is impaired in schizophrenia, whereas sex recognition is preserved, which highly suggests an abnormal processing of changeable facial features in this disease. A dysfunction of the top-down retrograde modulation coming from limbic and paralimbic structures on visual areas is hypothesized.

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