Early adulthood psychiatric diagnoses and the subsequent risk of life-time incarceration: a cohort study

AbstractBackgroundThe association between incarceration and psychiatric disorders has been noted. Yet, existing studies are cross-sectional or examine the risk of recidivism, which has limited the predictive validity of psychiatric disorders as a risk factor for incarceration. To overcome this limitation, this study used a prospective cohort to examine whether psychiatric diagnoses in early adulthood predicted incarceration throughout a 30-year follow-up. It tested the association between psychiatric diagnoses with future incarcerations, their number and durations, controlling for education and ethnic status.MethodsThis study merged data from three sources in Israel: a prospective 10-year birth cohort study of young adults aged 25–34, conducted in the 1980s (N = 4914) that included a psychiatric interview; data from the Prison Service, including the cause, number and duration of incarcerations; and from the Vital Statistics Registry on death records.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that substance-use disorders, antisocial personality and lower levels of education predicted future incarceration, their number and maximum duration. The remainder diagnoses were not significantly associated with future incarceration.ConclusionsResults limited the prediction of future incarcerations to persons diagnosed with substance use and antisocial personality, and do not support an independent predictive association between additional psychiatric diagnoses and future incarceration.

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Gender differences in lifetime psychiatric and substance use disorders among people who use substances in Barcelona, Spain

Advances in Dual Diagnosis ◽

10.1108/add-01-2017-0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 45-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yasmina Frem ◽

Marta Torrens ◽

Antonia Domingo-Salvany ◽

Gail Gilchrist

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Substance Use ◽

Personality Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Antisocial Personality Disorder ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Antisocial Personality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine gender differences in lifetime substance use and non-substance use (non-SUD) psychiatric disorders among illicit drug users and determine factors associated with non-SUD psychiatric disorders independently for males and for females. Design/methodology/approach Secondary analysis of five cross-sectional studies conducted in Barcelona, Spain during 2000-2006. Lifetime DSM-IV substance use and non-SUD psychiatric diagnoses were assessed using the Spanish Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental disorders (PRISM) among 629 people who use substances (68 per cent male) recruited from treatment (n=304) and out of treatment (n=325) settings. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using binary logistic regression. Findings The prevalence of any lifetime psychiatric (non-SUD) disorder was 41.8 per cent, with major depression (17 per cent) and antisocial personality disorder (17 per cent) being the most prevalent disorders. After adjusting for age and study, the odds of having any lifetime non-SUD (OR 2.10; 95%CI 1.48, 2.96); any mood disorder (OR 2.13; 95%CI 1.46, 3.11); any anxiety disorder (OR 1.86; 95%CI 1.19; 2.92); any eating disorder (OR 3.09; 95%CI 1.47, 6.47); or borderline personality disorder (OR 2.30; 95%CI 1.36, 3.84) were greater for females than males. Females were less likely than males to meet criteria for antisocial personality disorder (OR 0.59; 95%CI 0.36, 0.96) and attention deficit disorder (OR 0.37; 95%CI 0.17, 0.78). Research limitations/implications Psychiatric disorders are common among people who use substances, with gender differences reported for specific disorders. Gender-sensitive integrated treatment approaches are required to prevent and to address comorbidity psychiatric disorders among this population. Originality/value This secondary analysis of five cross-sectional studies included a large sample size allowing sufficient power to examine the differences between men and women. An additional strength of the methodology is the use of the gold standard PRISM which was used to assess disorders.

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Young adult cancer risk behaviours originate in adolescence: a longitudinal analysis using ALSPAC, a UK birth cohort study

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08098-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Wright ◽

Jon Heron ◽

Ruth Kipping ◽

Matthew Hickman ◽

Rona Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Risk Behaviours ◽

Harmful Drinking ◽

High Waist Circumference ◽

Adolescent Cancer

Abstract Background An estimated 40% of cancer cases in the UK in 2015 were attributable to cancer risk behaviours. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and unprotected sexual intercourse are known causes of cancer and there is strong evidence that physical inactivity is associated with cancer. These cancer risk behaviours co-occur however little is known about how they pattern longitudinally across adolescence and early adulthood. Using data from ALSPAC, a prospective population-based UK birth cohort study, we explored patterns of adolescent cancer risk behaviours and their associations with cancer risk behaviours in early adulthood. Methods Six thousand three hundred fifty-one people (46.0% of ALSPAC participants) provided data on all cancer risk behaviours at one time during adolescence, 1951 provided data on all cancer risk behaviours at all time points. Our exposure measure was quartiles of a continuous score summarising cumulative exposure to cancer risk behaviours and longitudinal latent classes summarising distinct categories of adolescents exhibiting similar patterns of behaviours, between age 11 and 18 years. Using both exposure measures, odds of harmful drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C ≥ 8),daily tobacco smoking, nicotine dependence (Fagerström test ≥4), obesity (BMI ≥30), high waist circumference (females: ≥80 cm and males: ≥94 cm, and high waist-hip ratio (females: ≥0.85 and males: ≥1.00) at age 24 were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Results We found distinct groups of adolescents characterised by consistently high and consistently low engagement in cancer risk behaviours. After adjustment, adolescents in the top quartile had greater odds of all outcomes in early adulthood: nicotine dependency (odds ratio, OR = 5.37, 95% confidence interval, CI = 3.64–7.93); daily smoking (OR = 5.10, 95% CI =3.19–8.17); obesity (OR = 4.84, 95% CI = 3.33–7.03); high waist circumference (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.94–3.16); harmful drinking (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.57–2.65); and high waist-hip ratio (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.30–2.71), compared to the bottom quartile. In latent class analysis, adolescents characterised by consistently high-risk behaviours throughout adolescence were at higher risk of all cancer risk behaviours at age 24, except harmful drinking. Conclusions Exposure to adolescent cancer risk behaviours greatly increased the odds of cancer risk behaviours in early adulthood. Interventions to reduce these behaviours should target multiple rather than single risk behaviours and should focus on adolescence.

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Child and adolescent externalizing behavior and cannabis use disorders in early adulthood: An Australian prospective birth cohort study

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.10.004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 422-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Mohammad R. Hayatbakhsh ◽

Tara R. McGee ◽

William Bor ◽

Jake M. Najman ◽

Konrad Jamrozik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Externalizing Behavior ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Child And Adolescent ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Cannabis Use Disorders ◽

Prospective Birth Cohort ◽

Prospective Birth Cohort Study

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Cord Blood Hepcidin: Cross-Sectional Correlates and Associations with Anemia, Malaria, and Mortality in a Tanzanian Birth Cohort Study

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.4269/ajtmh.16-0218 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 95 (4) ◽

pp. 817-826 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Elizabeth B. Brickley ◽

Patrick E. Duffy ◽

Robert Morrison ◽

Edward Kabyemela ◽

Michal Fried ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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The protective role of trait anxiety: a longitudinal cohort study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291705006847 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 345-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

W. E. LEE ◽

M. E. J. WADSWORTH ◽

M. HOTOPF

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Adult Life ◽

Later Life ◽

Population Based ◽

Protective Role ◽

Medical Intervention ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Fatal Accidents

Background. Most research has indicated that neuroticism (or trait anxiety) is associated with only negative outcomes. Such a common, heritable and variable trait is expected to have beneficial as well as detrimental effects. We tested the hypothesis that trait anxiety in childhood reduces the risk of dying from accidental causes in early adult life.Method. A longitudinal, population-based, birth cohort study of 4070 men and women born in the UK in 1946. Trait anxiety as judged by teachers when the participants were 13 and 15 years old, and the neuroticism scale of a Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI) when the participants were 16 years old. Outcomes were deaths, deaths from accidents, non-fatal accidents, and non-fatal accidents requiring medical intervention.Results. Adolescents with low trait anxiety had higher rates of accident mortality to age 25 [low anxiety at 13, hazard ratio (HR) 5·9, low anxiety at 15, HR 1·8]. Low trait anxiety in adolescence was associated with decreased non-accidental mortality after age 25 (low anxiety at 13, HR 0; low anxiety at 15, HR 0·7; low neuroticism at 16, HR 0·7).Conclusions. High trait anxiety measured in adolescence is associated with reduced accidents and accidental death in early adulthood but higher rates of non-accidental mortality in later life.

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Childhood seizures and risk of psychiatric disorders in adolescence and early adulthood: a Danish nationwide cohort study

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health ◽

10.1016/s2352-4642(18)30351-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 99-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Julie W Dreier ◽

Carsten B Pedersen ◽

Chris Cotsapas ◽

Jakob Christensen

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Early Adulthood

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Wheezing and Bronchial Hyper-responsiveness in Early Childhood as Predictors of Newly Diagnosed Asthma in Early Adulthood: A Longitudinal Birth-Cohort Study

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.2009-1870eee ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 124 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. S140.2-S141

Author(s):

Michael S. Kaplan

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Bronchial Hyper Responsiveness

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Multi-Dimensional Factors Associated with Illegal Substance Use Among Gay and Bisexual Men in Taiwan

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16224476 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (22) ◽

pp. 4476 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dian-Jeng Li ◽

Shiou-Lan Chen ◽

Cheng-Fang Yen

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Gay And Bisexual Men ◽

Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Bisexual Men ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Bisexual

Illegal substance use in sexual minorities is an important health issue worldwide. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the multi-dimensional factors associated with illegal substance use among gay and bisexual men in Taiwan. This questionnaire-survey study recruited 500 gay or bisexual men aged between 20 and 25 years. Their experiences of using eight kinds of illegal substances in the preceding month were collected. Their previous experiences of homophobic bullying, satisfaction with academic performance, truancy, perceived family and peer support in childhood and adolescence, and social-demographic characteristics, were also collected. Potential factors associated with illegal substance use were identified using univariate logistic regression, and further selected into a forward stepwise logistic regression model to identify the factors most significantly related to illegal substance use. A total of 22 (4.4%) participants reported illegal substance use in the preceding month, and mean age was 22.9 ± 1.6. Forward stepwise logistic regression revealed that being victims of homophobic cyberbullying in childhood and adolescence (odds ratio (OR) = 1.26; p = 0.011), disclosure of sexual orientation at junior high school (OR = 4.67; p = 0.001), and missing classes or truancy in senior high school (OR = 2.52; p = 0.041) were significantly associated with illegal substance use in early adulthood. Multi-dimensional factors in childhood and adolescence that were significantly associated with illegal substance use in early adulthood among gay and bisexual men were identified. Besides traditional bullying, the effect of cyberbullying and school performance on illegal substance use should not be ignored. This study is limited to the cross-sectional design and possible recall bias. Mental health professionals must routinely assess these significant factors to prevent and intervene in illegal substance use among gay and bisexual men.

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