Posttraumatic stress disorder and changes in diet quality over 20 years among US women

Abstract Background Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk of various chronic diseases. One hypothesized pathway is via changes in diet quality. This study evaluated whether PTSD was associated with deterioration in diet quality over time. Methods Data were from 51 965 women in the Nurses' Health Study II PTSD sub-study followed over 20 years. Diet, assessed at 4-year intervals, was characterized via the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI). Based on information from the Brief Trauma Questionnaire and Short Screening Scale for DSM-IV PTSD, trauma/PTSD status was classified as no trauma exposure, prevalent exposure (trauma/PTSD onset before study entry), or new-onset (trauma/PTSD onset during follow-up). We further categorized women with prevalent exposure as having trauma with no PTSD symptoms, trauma with low PTSD symptoms, and trauma with high PTSD symptoms, and created similar categories for women with new-onset exposure, resulting in seven comparison groups. Multivariable linear mixed-effects spline models tested differences in diet quality changes by trauma/PTSD status over follow-up. Results Overall, diet quality improved over time regardless of PTSD status. In age-adjusted models, compared to those with no trauma, women with prevalent high PTSD and women with new-onset high PTSD symptoms had 3.3% and 3.6% lower improvement in diet quality, respectively, during follow-up. Associations remained consistent after adjusting for health conditions, sociodemographics, and behavioral characteristics. Conclusions PTSD is associated with less healthy changes in overall diet quality over time. Poor diet quality may be one pathway linking PTSD with a higher risk of chronic disease development.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories within the first year following emergency department admissions: pooled results from the International Consortium to predict PTSD

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719004008 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sarah R. Lowe ◽

Andrew Ratanatharathorn ◽

Betty S. Lai ◽

Willem van der Mei ◽

Anna C. Barbano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Female Gender ◽

Interpersonal Trauma ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Symptom Trajectories ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Research exploring the longitudinal course of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has documented four modal trajectories (low, remitting, high, and delayed), with proportions varying across studies. Heterogeneity could be due to differences in trauma types and patient demographic characteristics. Methods This analysis pooled data from six longitudinal studies of adult survivors of civilian-related injuries admitted to general hospital emergency departments (EDs) in six countries (pooled N = 3083). Each study included at least three assessments of the clinician-administered PTSD scale in the first post-trauma year. Latent class growth analysis determined the proportion of participants exhibiting various PTSD symptom trajectories within and across the datasets. Multinomial logistic regression analyses examined demographic characteristics, type of event leading to the injury, and trauma history as predictors of trajectories differentiated by their initial severity and course. Results Five trajectories were found across the datasets: Low (64.5%), Remitting (16.9%), Moderate (6.7%), High (6.5%), and Delayed (5.5%). Female gender, non-white race, prior interpersonal trauma, and assaultive injuries were associated with increased risk for initial PTSD reactions. Female gender and assaultive injuries were associated with risk for membership in the Delayed (v. Low) trajectory, and lower education, prior interpersonal trauma, and assaultive injuries with risk for membership in the High (v. Remitting) trajectory. Conclusions The results suggest that over 30% of civilian-related injury survivors admitted to EDs experience moderate-to-high levels of PTSD symptoms within the first post-trauma year, with those reporting assaultive violence at increased risk of both immediate and longer-term symptoms.

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The Cycle of Trauma: Relationship Aggression in Male Vietnam Veterans With Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.11.3.213 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 213-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

Christina A. Byrne ◽

David S. Riggs

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Vietnam Veterans ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Future Research ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Female Partners ◽

Relationship Aggression ◽

Increased Risk

This study examined the association between symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in male Vietnam veterans and their use of aggressive behavior in relationships with intimate female partners. Fifty couples participated in the study. Veterans reported on their PTSD symptoms, and veterans and partners completed measures assessing the veterans’ use of physical, verbal,’ and psychological aggression during the preceding year as well as measures of their own perceptions of problems in the relationship. Results indicated that PTSD symptomatology places veterans at increased risk for perpetrating relationship aggression against their partners. The association between veterans’ PTSD symptoms and their use of aggression in relationships was mediated by relationship problems. Clinical implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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Brain-Derived Neurotropic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Survivors of the 1998 Dongting Lake Flood in China

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/4569698 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wenjie Dai ◽

Atipatsa C. Kaminga ◽

Xin Wu ◽

Shi Wu Wen ◽

Hongzhuan Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Dongting Lake ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Face To Face ◽

Neurotropic Factor ◽

Bdnf Rs6265

Objective. This study mainly aimed to explore the association between brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among flood survivors in China. Methods. Individuals who experienced the 1998 Dongting Lake flood in Southeast Huarong, China, were enrolled in this study. Qualified health personnel carried out face-to-face interviews with participants. PTSD was identified using PTSD Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C). Blood samples were collected from the participants to extract DNA for genotyping. Results. A total of 175 participants were enrolled in this study. The prevalence of PTSD among flood survivors at 17-year follow-up was 16.0% (28/175). Individuals with PTSD were more likely to be female, experience at least three flood-related stressors, experience at least three postflood stressors, and carry the Met than those without PTSD. Compared with Val/Val homozygotes, Met carriers had higher scores of PCL-C (mean ± standard error: 23.60±7.23 versus 27.19±9.48, P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that Met carriers (aOR = 4.76, 95% CI = 1.02–22.15, P<0.05) were more likely to develop PTSD than Val/Val homozygotes. Conclusions. Met carriers for BDNF rs6265 are at higher risk of developing PTSD and also exhibit more severe PTSD symptoms than Val/Val homozygotes among flood survivors in China.

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Results of the first randomized controlled trial of integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291721004967 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Kathryn Trottier ◽

Candice M. Monson ◽

Stephen A. Wonderlich ◽

Ross D. Crosby

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Eating disorders (EDs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently co-occur and can share a functional relationship. The primary aim of this initial randomized controlled trial was to determine whether integrated cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for co-occurring ED-PTSD was superior to standard CBT for ED in improving PTSD symptoms. Intervention safety and desirability, as well as the relative efficacy of the treatments in improving anxiety, depression, and ED symptomatology, were also examined. Methods Following a course of intensive ED treatment, individuals with ED-PTSD were recruited to participate and randomized to integrated CBT for ED-PTSD or standard CBT for ED. The sample consisted of 42 individuals with a range of ED diagnoses. Outcomes were assessed at end-of-treatment, 3-, and 6-month follow-up using interview and self-report measures. Results Mixed models revealed significant interactions of time and therapy condition on clinician-rated and self-reported PTSD symptom severity favoring Integrated CBT for ED-PTSD. Both treatments were associated with statistically significant improvements in PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Improvements were maintained at 3- and 6-month follow-up. There was good safety with both interventions, and satisfaction with both treatments was high. However, there was a stronger preference for integrated treatment. Conclusions Integrating CBTs for PTSD and ED following intensive ED treatment is safe, desirable, and efficacious for improving PTSD symptoms. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to determine whether Integrated CBT for ED-PTSD provides benefits over standard CBT for ED with respect to ED outcomes.

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Does Writing Reduce Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms?

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/vivi.2003.18.5.569 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 569-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Pamela B. Deters ◽

Lillian M. Range

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Experiences ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Initial State ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms ◽

Better Than

To see if writing about their trauma lessened PTSD and related symptoms, 57 undergraduates, previously screened for traumatic experiences, wrote for 15 minutes on 4 days across 2 weeks about either their trauma or a trivial topic. They reported PTSD, impact, suicide ideas, dissociation, and depression pre-, post-, and at 6-week follow-up testing. Trauma and trivial writers were not different. Surprisingly, at follow-up everyone reported less severe PTSD symptoms, impact, and dissociation, and fewer health visits, but about the same suicidal ideation and depression. On PTSD symptoms and impact, the pattern of improvement was different: Those writing about trauma got worse at posttesting, but improved to better than their initial state by follow-up. Those writing about a trivial topic got better by posttesting, and held that position at follow-up. In this project, writing seemed to reduce PTSD symptoms regardless of whether it concerned the trauma or what they ate for lunch.

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E-CONSALTING BY TELEPSYCHIATRIC SERVICES AND WAR RELATED POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

Psymedica ◽

10.7251/psy1002030s ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Milan Stojaković ◽

Bogdan Stojaković

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Psychiatric Patients ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome ◽

Stress Syndrome ◽

Wide Range

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study was examination e-consalting by Telepsychiatry of war related posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),METHODS; Patients with PTSD have different symptoms.The authors' objective is to analize component of symptoms in PTSD.The subjects were 180 male psychiatric patients by Telepsychiatry and e-consulting with war relatedPTSD by videoconferencing via broadband ADSL by 2 Mbps. Posttraumatic stress syndrome-PTSSscale and 20-item.Zung self-rating scale was used to assess state measures of symptom severity,RESULTS: The symptoms of prolonged PTSS (posttraumatic stress syndrome) with duration betweensix moths and two years had been founded at 138 (76,7 %) and 42 (23,3 %) of patients had no PTSS:symptoms of depression had been found at 148 (82,2 %) patients. The enduring personality exchangeafter catastrophic expiriense (P62.0), had been found at 25 (13,8 %) patients (P< 0,01); symptoms ofdepression had been found at 61 (33.8 %) patients after two years,CONCLUSIONS: Evolution of PTSD symptoms and continued examination and follow-up by Telepsychiatry service and e-consalting may be important in predicting the eventual development ofdepressive symptoms and precipitation of F 62.0 enduring personality exchange after catastrophicexperience in the war related PTSD. Consequently.Telepsychiatry service and e-consalting it is able toserve not only PTSD but also wide range of other patient.

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Trauma Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Aggression Among Civilian Females

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260519860894 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 088626051986089

Author(s):

Rachel Wamser-Nanney ◽

Hannah E. Walker ◽

John T. Nanney

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Trauma Exposure ◽

Verbal Aggression ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Cumulative Trauma ◽

Increased Risk

Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have evinced ties to increased risk for aggressive behavior. However, very little information is known regarding the relations between trauma exposure, PTSD, and aggression among non-veteran women. Furthermore, research has not examined the associations between trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and aggression using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) PTSD criteria. The primary aim of the current study was to investigate the relationships between trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and aggression among women. The secondary aim was to examine the specific PTSD symptom clusters in relation to indices of aggression. A total of 217 civilian, trauma-exposed female undergraduate students participated in the study ( Mage = 24.30, SD = 6.83, 63.2% White). Higher levels of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms corresponded with anger ( b = .47, 95% CI = [0.11-0.83]; b = .11, 95% CI = [0.05-0.16], respectively) and verbal aggression ( b = .50, 95% CI = [0.21-0.78]; b = .06, 95% CI = [0.01-0.10], respectively). PTSD symptoms, but not cumulative trauma exposure, was associated with hostility ( b = .23, 95% CI = [0.14-0.59]), whereas physical aggression was only related to trauma exposure ( b = .69, 95% CI = [0.31-1.06]). Furthermore, there was a significant indirect effect of cumulative trauma through PTSD symptoms on anger and verbal aggression ( b = .15, 95% CI = [0.05-0.32]; b = .09, 95% CI = [0.02-0.20], respectively). Trauma-exposed civilian females with higher levels of PTSD symptoms may be at increased risk for several indices of aggressive behavior. Furthermore, PTSD symptoms may better account for some, but not all, aspects of aggression in trauma-exposed women.

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Intervening on Persistent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Rumination-Focused Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy in a Population of Young Survivors of the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda

Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1891/0889-8391.23.2.107 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 107-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Vincent Sezibera ◽

Nady Van Broeck ◽

Pierre Philippot

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Behavioral Intervention ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Behavioral Therapy ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Young Survivors ◽

Cognitive And Behavioral Therapy

This study assessed the outcome of a brief rumination-focused cognitive and behavioral intervention in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among Rwandan adolescent survivors of the 1994 genocide. All participants (54.5% female, N = 22) aged between 15 and 18 years (M = 16.55, SD = 0.96) met criteria for PTSD as assessed by the PTSD self-rating scale (UCLA PTSD index). Measures included questionnaires assessing PTSD, depression, and somatization. Data were obtained at four points: (1) 11 years after the genocide (baseline), (2) 13 years after the genocide (pretreatment), (3) posttreatment (2 weeks after the treatment), and (4) follow-up (2 months after the treatment). PTSD symptoms increased between baseline and pretreatment. The intervention was associated with a reduction in PTSD symptoms, with gains maintained at follow-up.

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An examination of idiographic networks of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms

10.31234/osf.io/aqkvb ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Wendall Reeves ◽

Aaron Jason Fisher

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Intraindividual Variation ◽

Repeated Measures Design ◽

Centrality Metrics ◽

Over Time

Although applying network theory to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has yielded promising insights, the lack of equivalence between inter- and intraindividual variation limits the generalizability of these findings to any one individual with PTSD. Better understanding how PTSD symptoms occur and vary over time within an individual instead requires exploring the idiographic network structure of PTSD. To do so, the present study used an intensive repeated measures design to estimate intraindividual networks of PTSD symptoms on a person-by-person basis. Twenty individuals (N = 20) who met criteria for PTSD completed daily surveys assessing PTSD symptoms four times per day for approximately 30 days. Employing a recently validated method provided by Fisher, Reeves, Lawyer, Medaglia, and Rubel (2017), we then used these data to estimate a contemporaneous and temporal network of PTSD symptoms for each individual on a person-by-person basis. We then calculated centrality metrics to determine the relative importance of each symptom in each idiographic network. Across all contemporaneous networks, negative trauma-related cognitions and emotions tended to most commonly be the most central symptoms. Further, across all temporal networks, (a) negative trauma-related emotions were the most common driver of variation in other symptoms over time and (b) distressing trauma-related dreams and sleep disturbance were the most common downstream consequences of variation in other PTSD symptoms over time. Finally, we also review data from two randomly selected participants to illustrate how this approach could be used to identify maintenance factors of PTSD for each individual and guide individual treatment planning.

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Mental health care in post-genocide Rwanda: evaluation of a program specializing in posttraumatic stress disorder and substance abuse

Global Mental Health ◽

10.1017/gmh.2016.12 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. C. Ng ◽

B. Harerimana

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Program Evaluation ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Information Management System ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Ptsd Symptoms ◽

Resource Information

Background.Following the genocide, millions of Rwandans are likely living with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Le Centre Psychothérapeutique Icyizere provides the only specialized treatment for PTSD in the Rwandan healthcare system.Methods.Demographics, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and scores on assessments of functioning and PTSD were recorded from clinical charts of all patients receiving care between October 2013 and 2014. Descriptive statistics and within-group t tests comparing functional impairment and PTSD symptoms at intake to discharge and follow-up were calculated.Results.A total of 719 patients (55.08% male) received care. Patients were more educated, more likely to live in the capital, and less likely to be married than the general population. Patients reported high desire for, and strong satisfaction with, care. Most patients (55.60%) were still in care by the end of the program evaluation. Functioning improved from intake to discharge (p < 0.001), and improvements were sustained at follow-up (p < 0.001). Most adults were diagnosed with psychotic disorders, substance use disorders, or depression. Only 20 patients were diagnosed with PTSD, and symptoms were improved at discharge (p = 0.003).Conclusions.This program evaluation demonstrated the utility of a low-resource information management system to provide clarity about the patient population and outcomes. Results suggest that services are effective and sustainable, although people with PTSD were not the primary recipients of care. Disparities in care by diagnosis, education, marital status, and geography are discussed. Results have contributed to changes in service delivery and care and efforts to increase access to care.

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