scholarly journals Disentangling heterogeneity of psychosis expression in the general population: sex-specific moderation effects of environmental risk factors on symptom networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Linda T. Betz ◽  
Nora Penzel ◽  
Marlene Rosen ◽  
Kamaldeep Bhui ◽  
Rachel Upthegrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
General Population ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Minority Ethnic Group ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Abstract Background Psychosis expression in the general population may reflect a behavioral manifestation of the risk for psychotic disorder. It can be conceptualized as an interconnected system of psychotic and affective experiences; a so-called ‘symptom network’. Differences in demographics, as well as exposure to adversities and risk factors, may produce substantial heterogeneity in symptom networks, highlighting potential etiological divergence in psychosis risk. Methods To explore this idea in a data-driven way, we employed a novel recursive partitioning approach in the 2007 English National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity (N = 7242). We sought to identify ‘network phenotypes’ by explaining heterogeneity in symptom networks through potential moderators, including age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, childhood abuse, separation from parents, bullying, domestic violence, cannabis use, and alcohol. Results Sex was the primary source of heterogeneity in symptom networks. Additional heterogeneity was explained by interpersonal trauma (childhood abuse and domestic violence) in women and domestic violence, cannabis use, ethnicity in men. Among women, especially those exposed to early interpersonal trauma, an affective loading within psychosis may have distinct relevance. Men, particularly those from minority ethnic groups, demonstrated a strong network connection between hallucinatory experiences and persecutory ideation. Conclusion Symptom networks of psychosis expression in the general population are highly heterogeneous. The structure of symptom networks seems to reflect distinct sex-related adversities, etiologies, and mechanisms of symptom-expression. Disentangling the complex interplay of sex, minority ethnic group status, and other risk factors may help optimize early intervention and prevention strategies in psychosis.

scholarly journals Disentangling heterogeneity of psychosis expression in the general population: sex-specific moderation effects of environmental risk factors on symptom networks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Betz ◽  
Nora Penzel ◽  
Marlene Rosen ◽  
Kamaldeep Bhui ◽  
Rachel Upthegrove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
General Population ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Minority Ethnic Group ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Background: Psychosis expression in the general population, which may reflect a behavioral manifestation of risk for psychotic disorder, can be conceptualized as an interconnected system of psychotic and affective experiences; a so-called symptom network. Differences in demographics, as well as exposure to adversities and risk factors, may produce substantial heterogeneity in symptom networks, highlighting potential etiological divergence in psychosis risk. Methods: To explore this idea in a data-driven way, we employed a novel recursive partitioning approach in the 2007 English National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity survey (n = 7,242). We sought to identify network phenotypes by explaining heterogeneity in symptom networks through potential moderators, including age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, childhood abuse, separation from parents, bullying, domestic violence, cannabis use, and alcohol. Results: Sex was the primary source of heterogeneity in symptom networks. Additional heterogeneity was explained by interpersonal trauma (childhood abuse, domestic violence) in women and domestic violence, cannabis use, and ethnicity in men. Among women, especially those exposed to early interpersonal trauma, an affective loading within psychosis may have distinct relevance. Men, particularly those from minority ethnic groups, demonstrated a strong network connection between hallucinatory experiences and persecutory ideation. Conclusion: Symptom networks of psychosis expression in the general population are highly heterogeneous. The structure of symptom networks seems to reflect distinct sex-related adversities, etiologies, and mechanisms of symptom-expression. Disentangling the complex interplay of sex, minority ethnic group status, and other risk factors may help optimize early intervention and prevention strategies in psychosis.

scholarly journals Intergenerational transmission of child abuse: Predictors of child abuse potential among racially diverse women residing in domestic violence shelters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
RaeAnn Elizabeth Anderson ◽  
Larissa-Jayne Edwards ◽  
Kristin E. Silver ◽  
Dawn M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Abuse Potential ◽  
Child Abuse Potential ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Domestic Violence Shelters ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of

Parental risk for perpetrating child abuse is frequently associated with intergenerational patterns of abuse: being abused increases the risk for future abuse. Yet, the mechanisms of intergenerational abuse are unclear, and the risk factors for perpetrating child abuse are interrelated. Research suggests that history of childhood abuse, psychiatric distress, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) are all related risk factors for perpetrating child abuse. We investigated these three risk factors using the developmental psychopathology framework in a racially diverse sample of high-risk women: women residing in domestic violence shelters. 211 mothers residing in domestic violence shelters completed measures of their own childhood abuse (defined narrowly in a 10-item self-report survey), exposure to and severity of IPV victimization, and structured interviews to diagnose psychiatric disorders. We utilized a hierarchical regression model to predict child abuse potential, accounting for risk factors in blocks roughly representing theorized temporal relationships: childhood abuse followed by psychiatric diagnoses, and then recency of exposure to IPV. Consistent with hypotheses, the strongest predictor of current child abuse potential was the psychiatric diagnosis of PTSD. Mediation tests further explicated that the relationship between maternal history of childhood sexual abuse and current potential for perpetrating child abuse is mediated by IPV-related PTSD symptoms. Results suggest that IPV-related PTSD symptoms, rather than exposure to abuse (i.e., childhood abuse or IPV), is most strongly associated with child abuse potential in recent IPV survivors. Interventions which can ameliorate maternal psychopathology and provide resources are recommended for these vulnerable families.

scholarly journals S4. IDENTIFYING HETEROGENEITY IN SYMPTOM NETWORKS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: A RECURSIVE PARTITIONING APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S31-S31
Author(s):  
Linda Betz ◽  
Nora Penzel ◽  
Joseph Kambeitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Recursive Partitioning ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Mood Instability ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Strongly Connected

Abstract Background Network models of psychopathology have gained increasing ground recently. It is suggested that psychopathology arises from the reciprocal associations between symptoms and other psycho-biological factors. Given the heterogeneity in psychopathological phenomena, it seems likely that subgroups with distinct network structures may emerge given different demographic and environmental risk factors. Thus, the identification of heterogeneity in symptom networks associated with specific variables may promote an understanding of the mechanisms that underlie the relation between environmental factors and psychopathology. Methods We took a recursive partitioning approach based on conditional inference trees that iteratively splits the sample of interest based on a predefined set of covariates to detect subgroups with significantly different network structures, resulting in a network tree. We used general population data from the 2000 and 2007 English National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity, with a combined sample size of n = 15,983 (age range: 16–95 years, 55.9% female), to model networks of psychotic experiences (hallucinations, persecutory ideation) and affective symptoms (worry, mood instability, depression, anxiety, sleep problems). Split variables explored as sources of heterogeneity in networks were sex, age, and exposure to environmental risk factors (cannabis use in past month, lifetime sexual abuse, lifetime experience of bullying). We used a stop-splitting rule based on Bonferroni-adjusted p-values to determine the final tree size (α = .01). Results Environmental factors were the primary sources of heterogeneity in network structures, with exposure to these factors being linked to more densely connected networks. Globally, cannabis use was associated with particularly strong connections between hallucinations and persecutory ideation, depression and persecutory ideation, and depression and mood instability. In those participants with cannabis use and experiences of sexual abuse, the association between depression and persecutory ideation was particularly strong, and further, strong connections were present between the affective symptoms. Similarly, those with exposure to both cannabis and bullying showed stronger associations involving sleep problems than participants exposed to either bullying or cannabis alone. Exposure to either bullying or sexual abuse without concurrent cannabis use was linked to a strongly connected cluster of worry, anxiety, and depression, with only weak associations to other symptoms. Lastly, the sample was split at 60 years of age. The younger group was divided further by age, with participants younger than 26 years showing stronger associations between hallucinations and persecutory ideation and worry and depression than those older than 26 years. In participants older than 60 years, another split was made by gender: women showed a more densely connected network than men. Discussion Findings from this exploratory analysis document substantial heterogeneity in symptom network structures in a large general population sample. Exposure to risk factors is linked to more strongly connected, probably less resilient symptom networks, with evidence for additive vulnerability given the presence of several risk factors. Exposure to sexual abuse or bullying mainly seems to relate to higher connectivity of affective symptoms, while cannabis use links to higher connection of psychotic symptoms with each other, but also with affective symptoms. The analysis also highlights demographic variables as sources of heterogeneity in symptom networks, pointing to specifically relevant symptom interactions in subgroups of age and gender.

The Long-Term Effects of Domestic Violence and Childhood Abuse on Women's Physical Health

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Mourad ◽  
Alytia Levendosky ◽  
G. Bogat ◽  
William Davidson ◽  
Archana Basu
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Long Term Effects

Cancer in agricultural populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
K. . Togawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
International Consortium ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types

Agricultural workers can be exposed to a wide variety of agents (e.g. pesticides), some of which may have adverse health effects, such as cancer. To study the health effects of agricultural exposures, an international consortium of agricultural cohort studies, AGRICOH, was established. The present analysis compared cancer incidence between the AGRICOH cohorts and the general population and found lower overall cancer incidence in the AGRICOH cohorts, with some variation across cohorts for specific cancer types. The observed lower cancer incidence may be due to healthy worker bias or lower prevalence of risk factors in the agricultural populations. Further analysis is underway.

Is Pre-College Interpersonal Trauma Associated with Cannabis Use?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrell A Hicks ◽  
Daniel Bustamante ◽  
Kaitlin E Bountress ◽  
Amy Adkins ◽  
Dace S Svikis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
First Year ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
First Year College ◽  
Large N ◽  
First Year College Students ◽  
Experimental Use

Objective: To examine the prevalence and correlates of lifetime cannabis use (i.e., experimental [use 1-5 times] and non-experimental [use ≥ 6 times]) in relation to demographics, interpersonal trauma (IPT), and alcohol and nicotine use.Participants: A large (n = 9,889) representative sample of college students at an urban college campus in the southeastern part of the United States.Methods: Participants were 4 cohorts of first-year college students who completed measures of demographic variables, cannabis, alcohol, nicotine, and IPT. Associations were estimated using multinomial logistic regressions.Results: The prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 45.5%. Specifically, 28.1% reported non-experimental cannabis use and 17.4% reported experimental cannabis use. Race, cohort, nicotine, and IPT were associated with experimental and non-experimental cannabis use. Additionally, alcohol and sex were associated with non-experimental cannabis use.Conclusions: Results show that cannabis use is prevalent among college students and is associated with race, IPT, and other substance use.

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