Familial clustering of psychiatric disorders and low IQ

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mark Weiser ◽  
Or Frenkel ◽  
Daphna Fenchel ◽  
Dorit Tzur ◽  
Sven Sandin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Severe Intellectual Disability ◽  
Familial Clustering ◽  
Low Iq ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Although the ICD and DSM differentiate between different psychiatric disorders, these often share symptoms, risk factors, and treatments. This was a population-based, case–control, sibling study examining familial clustering of all psychiatric disorders and low IQ, using data from the Israel Draft-Board Registry on all Jewish adolescents assessed between 1998 and 2014. Methods We identified all cases with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, N = 2128), severe intellectual disability (ID, N = 9572), attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) (N = 3272), psychotic (N = 7902), mood (N = 9704), anxiety (N = 10 606), personality (N = 24 816), or substance/alcohol abuse (N = 791) disorders, and low IQ (⩾2 SDs below the population mean, N = 31 186). Non-CNS control disorders were adolescents with Type-1 diabetes (N = 2427), hernia (N = 29 558) or hematological malignancies (N = 931). Each case was matched with 10 age-matched controls selected at random from the Draft-Board Registry, with replacement, and for each case and matched controls, we ascertained all full siblings. The main outcome measure was the relative recurrence risk (RRR) of the sibling of a case having the same (within-disorder RRR) or a different (across-disorder RRR) disorder. Results Within-disorder RRRs were increased for all diagnostic categories, ranging from 11.53 [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.23–14.40] for ASD to 2.93 (95% CI: 2.80–3.07) for personality disorders. The median across-disorder RRR between any pair of psychiatric disorders was 2.16 (95% CI: 1.45–2.43); the median RRR between low IQ and any psychiatric disorder was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.93–1.98). There was no consistent increase in across-disorder RRRs between the non-CNS disorders and psychiatric disorders and/or low IQ. Conclusion These large population-based study findings suggest shared etiologies among most psychiatric disorders, and low IQ.

scholarly journals Examining the association between childhood autistic traits and adolescent hypomania: a longitudinal twin study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mark J. Taylor ◽  
Angelica Ronald ◽  
Joanna Martin ◽  
Sebastian Lundström ◽  
Georgina M. Hosang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Autistic Trait ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Twin Design ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study

Abstract Background There is evidence that autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) co-occur with bipolar disorder (BD) relatively frequently. Individuals with BD often report symptoms of mania and hypomania during adolescence, prior to the age of onset for BD. It is unknown whether these symptoms are associated with ASDs. We examined whether diagnoses of ASDs and autistic traits were associated with hypomania in a large, population-based Swedish twin sample. Methods Parental structured interviews assessed autistic traits, and were used to assign screening diagnoses of ASDs, when twins were aged 9 or 12 (N = 13 533 pairs). Parents then completed questionnaires assessing hypomania when the twins were aged 15 and 18 (N = 3852 pairs at age 15, and 3013 pairs at age 18). After investigating the phenotypic associations between these measures, we used the classical twin design to test whether genetic and environmental influences on autistic traits influence variation in adolescent hypomania. Results Autistic traits and ASD diagnoses in childhood were associated with elevated scores on the measures of adolescent hypomania. Twin analyses indicated that 6–9% of the variance in hypomania was explained by genetic influences that were shared with autistic traits in childhood. When repeating these analyses for specific autistic trait domains, we found a stronger association between social interaction difficulties and hypomania than for other autistic trait domains. Conclusions These results indicate a genetic link between autistic traits and hypomania in adolescence. This adds to the growing evidence base of genetic factors associated with ASDs showing links with psychiatric outcomes across childhood and into adulthood.

Risk and coaggregation of major psychiatric disorders among first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: a nationwide population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 2397-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Hong Chen ◽  
Ju-Wei Hsu ◽  
Kei-Lin Huang ◽  
Tung-Ping Su ◽  
Cheng-Ta Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Public ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Dependent Relationship ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bipolar Patients

AbstractBackgroundBipolar disorder is a highly heritable mental illness that transmits intergeneratively. Previous studies supported that first-degree relatives (FDRs), such as parents, offspring, and siblings, of patients with bipolar disorder, had a higher risk of bipolar disorder. However, whether FDRs of bipolar patients have an increased risk of schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains unclear.MethodsAmong the entire population in Taiwan, 87 639 patients with bipolar disorder and 188 290 FDRs of patients with bipolar disorder were identified in our study. The relative risks (RRs) of major psychiatric disorders were assessed among FDRs of patients with bipolar disorder.ResultsFDRs of patients with bipolar disorder were more likely to have a higher risk of major psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder (RR 6.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.95–6.30), MDD (RR 2.89, 95% CI 2.82–2.96), schizophrenia (RR 2.64, 95% CI 2.55–2.73), ADHD (RR 2.21, 95% CI 2.13–2.30), and ASD (RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.92–2.29), than the total population did. These increased risks for major psychiatric disorders were consistent across different familial kinships, such as parents, offspring, siblings, and twins. A dose-dependent relationship was also found between risk of each major psychiatric disorder and numbers of bipolar patients.ConclusionsOur study was the first study to support the familial coaggregation of bipolar disorder with other major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, MDD, ADHD, and ASD, in a Taiwanese (non-Caucasian) population. Given the elevated risks of major psychiatric disorders, the public health government should pay more attention to the mental health of FDRs of patients with bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Generalised anxiety disorder and hospital admissions: findings from a large, population cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. e018539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Remes ◽  
Nicholas Wainwright ◽  
Paul Surtees ◽  
Louise Lafortune ◽  
Kay-Tee Khaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Generalised Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Administrative Health Databases

ObjectiveGeneralised anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most common anxiety disorder in the general population and has been associated with high economic and human burden. However, it has been neglected in the health services literature. The objective of this study is to assess whether GAD leads to hospital admissions using data from the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk. Other aims include determining whether early-onset or late-onset forms of the disorder, episode chronicity and frequency, and comorbidity with major depressive disorder (MDD) contribute to hospital admissions.DesignLarge, population study.SettingUK population-based cohort.Participants30 445 British participants were recruited through general practice registers in England. Of these, 20 919 completed a structured psychosocial questionnaire used to identify presence of GAD. Anxiety was assessed in 1996–2000, and health service use was captured between 1999/2000 and 2009 through record linkage with large, administrative health databases. 17 939 participants had complete data on covariates.Main outcome measurePast-year GAD defined according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition.ResultsIn this study, there were 2.2% (393/17 939) of respondents with GAD. Anxiety was not independently associated with hospital admissions (incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.04, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.20) over 9 years. However, those whose anxiety was comorbid with depression showed a statistically significantly increased risk for hospital admissions (IRR=1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.49).ConclusionPeople with GAD and MDD comorbidity were at an increased risk for hospital admissions. Clinicians should consider that meeting criteria for a pure or individual disorder at one point in time, such as past-year GAD, does not necessarily predict deleterious health outcomes; rather different forms of the disorder, such as comorbid cases, might be of greater importance.

Use of tumor site as a prognosticator: Population-based analysis of rectosigmoid and rectum cancers

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4123-4123
Author(s):  
K. P. Raj ◽  
A. Ziogas ◽  
A. R. Barleben ◽  
M. J. Stamos ◽  
J. A. Zell
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Distal Rectum ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Rectal Cancers ◽  
Using Data

4123 Background: The study examines the prognostic significance of tumor location exclusively in rectosigmoid and rectal cancers. Although tumor location has traditionally been regarded as a prognostic determinant, data in support of this claim are lacking. We set out to determine this using data from a large population-based California Cancer Registry (CCR). Methods: A retrospective analysis of surgically treated cancer cases involving the rectum and rectosigmoid from 1994–2006 with a follow-up until January 2008 in CCR was conducted. Sub-site tumor location of the cancers involving the rectum was either defined as rectosigmoid or mid/distal rectum. Site-specific survival analyses were conducted by Kaplan-Meier method and hazard ratio calculated using Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR). Results: A total of 33,418 rectal cancer cases were identified, including 12,407 (37.1%) rectosigmoid cancers and 21,011 (62.9%) mid/distal rectum cancers. No significant differences by tumor location were noticed for age, gender, stage, histological type, grade or socioeconomic status. Fewer rectosigmoid cancers received radiation (81.9% vs. 62.3% p=<0.0001)) compared to mid/distal rectum cancers. After adjustment for treatment and relevant clinical factors, an improved rate of CRC-specific survival was noticed in non-metastatic rectosigmoid cancers when compared to cancers involving the mid/distal rectum. A significant decrease in mortality was observed in Stage-I [HR- 0.74(0.63–0.86)], Stage-II [HR-0.76(0.69–0.85)] and Stage-III [HR- 0.90 (0.83–0.98)] rectosigmoid cancers when compared to mid/distal rectum cancers. Number of lymph nodes examined (>12 vs. <12) was an independent prognostic factor for survival in Stage-II patients [HR-0.74 (0.63–0.87)]. Conclusions: Among locoregional cases, rectosigmoid cancers were found to have an improved CRC-specific survival compared to mid/distal rectum cancers, which was independent of other relevant clinical factors. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Alcohol Consumption Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Obese Patients with COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study Using UK Biobank

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1592
Author(s):  
Xiude Fan ◽  
Zhengwen Liu ◽  
Kyle L. Poulsen ◽  
Xiaoqin Wu ◽  
Tatsunori Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Using Data

Background: Acute and chronic alcohol abuse has adverse impacts on both the innate and adaptive immune response, which may result in reduced resistance to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and promote the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there are no large population-based data evaluating potential causal associations between alcohol consumption and COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a Mendelian randomization study using data from UK Biobank to explore the association between alcohol consumption and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and serious clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. A total of 12,937 participants aged 50–83 who tested for SARS-CoV-2 between 16 March to 27 July 2020 (12.1% tested positive) were included in the analysis. The exposure factor was alcohol consumption. Main outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 positivity and death in COVID-19 patients. We generated allele scores using three genetic variants (rs1229984 (Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B, ADH1B), rs1260326 (Glucokinase Regulator, GCKR), and rs13107325 (Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 8, SLC39A8)) and applied the allele scores as the instrumental variables to assess the effect of alcohol consumption on outcomes. Analyses were conducted separately for white participants with and without obesity. Results: Of the 12,937 participants, 4496 were never or infrequent drinkers and 8441 were frequent drinkers. Both logistic regression and Mendelian randomization analyses found no evidence that alcohol consumption was associated with risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in participants either with or without obesity (All q > 0.10). However, frequent drinking, especially heavy drinking (HR = 2.07, 95%CI 1.24–3.47; q = 0.054), was associated with higher risk of death in patients with obesity and COVID-19, but not in patients without obesity. Notably, the risk of death in frequent drinkers with obesity increased slightly with the average amount of alcohol consumed weekly (All q < 0.10). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that alcohol consumption has adverse effects on the progression of COVID-19 in white participants with obesity, but was not associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Polygenic risk for psychiatric disorder reveals distinct association profiles across social behaviour in the general population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenja Schlag ◽  
Andrea Giuseppe Allegrini ◽  
Jan Buitelaar ◽  
Ellen Verhoef ◽  
Marjolein van Donkelaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Shared Genetic

Many complex psychiatric disorders are characterised by a spectrum of social difficulties. These symptoms lie on a behavioural dimension that is shared with social behaviour in the general population, with substantial contributions of genetic factors. However, shared genetic links may vary across psychiatric disorders and social symptoms. Here, we systematically investigate heterogeneity in shared genetic liabilities with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), bipolar disorder (BP), major depression (MD) and schizophrenia, across a spectrum of different social symptoms. Specifically, longitudinally assessed low-prosociality and peer-problem scores in two UK population-based/community-based cohorts (ALSPAC, N ≤ 6174, 4-17 years; TEDS, N ≤ 7112, 4-16 years; parent- and teacher-reports) were regressed on polygenic risk scores for ADHD, ASD, BP, MD, and schizophrenia, as informed by genome-wide summary statistics from large consortia, using negative binomial regression models. Across ALSPAC and TEDS, we replicated univariate polygenic associations between social behaviour and risk for ADHD, MD, and schizophrenia. Modelling univariate genetic effects across both cohorts with random-effect meta-regression revealed evidence for polygenic links between social behaviour and ADHD, ASD, MD, and schizophrenia risk, but not BP, where differences in age, reporter and social trait captured 45-88% in univariate effect variation. For ADHD, MD, and ASD polygenic risk, we identified stronger association with peer problems than low prosociality, while schizophrenia polygenic risk was solely associated with low prosociality. The identified association profiles suggest marked differences in the social genetic architecture underlying different psychiatric disorders when investigating population-based social symptoms across 13 years of child and adolescent development.  

scholarly journals Adolescent Connectedness with Parents Promotes Resilience among Homeless Youth

Children ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Kessler ◽  
Debanjana Chatterjee ◽  
Rebecca Shlafer ◽  
Andrew Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Internal Assets ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Population Based Survey

Youth who experience homelessness have worse health and well-being than housed youth. Internal assets, including social competency and positive self-identity, are factors that promote healthy development. This study compared internal assets between homeless and housed youth, and examined whether connectedness with parents moderates the association between homelessness and internal assets. Using data from a large population-based survey of middle- and high-school aged youth, we found that homelessness was associated with lower levels of internal assets. However, having high connectedness with a parent significantly predicted the strength of these assets, suggesting opportunities to promote health equity among homeless youth.

scholarly journals Impact of older age on the locoregional and distant breast cancer recurrence risk: A large population-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. iii27
Author(s):  
A.Z. de Boer ◽  
H.C. van der Hulst ◽  
W. van der Plas-Krijgsman ◽  
N.A. de Glas ◽  
P.J. Marang-van de Mheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Population Based Study

Familial coaggregation of major psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives of individuals with autism spectrum disorder: a nationwide population-based study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hohui E. Wang ◽  
Chih-Ming Cheng ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Ju-Wei Hsu ◽  
Kai-Lin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Abstract Background Family coaggregation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia have been presented in previous studies. The shared genetic and environmental factors among psychiatric disorders remain elusive. Methods This nationwide population-based study examined familial coaggregation of major psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of individuals with ASD. Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database was used to identify 26 667 individuals with ASD and 67 998 FDRs of individuals with ASD. The cohort was matched in 1:4 ratio to 271 992 controls. The relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of ADHD, ASD, BD, MDD and schizophrenia were assessed among FDRs of individuals with ASD and ASD with intellectual disability (ASD-ID). Results FDRs of individuals with ASD have higher RRs of major psychiatric disorders compared with controls: ASD 17.46 (CI 15.50–19.67), ADHD 3.94 (CI 3.72–4.17), schizophrenia 3.05 (CI 2.74–3.40), BD 2.22 (CI 1.98–2.48) and MDD 1.88 (CI 1.76–2.00). Higher RRs of schizophrenia (4.47, CI 3.95–5.06) and ASD (18.54, CI 16.18–21.23) were observed in FDRs of individuals with both ASD-ID, compared with ASD only. Conclusions The risk for major psychiatric disorders was consistently elevated across all types of FDRs of individuals with ASD. FDRs of individuals with ASD-ID are at further higher risk for ASD and schizophrenia. Our results provide leads for future investigation of shared etiologic pathways of ASD, ID and major psychiatric disorders and highlight the importance of mental health care delivered to at-risk families for early diagnoses and interventions.

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