Gender differences in the effects of bereavement-related psychological distress in health outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. CHEN ◽  
A. J. BIERHALS ◽  
H. G. PRIGERSON ◽  
S. V. KASL ◽  
C. M. MAZURE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Traumatic Grief ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Background. This study examined whether traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms formed three distinct factors for widows and widowers. In addition, we examined whether high symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety predicted different mental and physical health outcomes for widows and widowers.Method. Ninety-two future widows and 58 future widowers were interviewed at the time of their spouse's hospital admission and then at 6 weeks, 6, 13 and 25 month follow-ups. Principal axis factor analyses tested the distinctiveness of traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms, by gender. Repeated measures ANOVA tested for gender differences and changes over time in mean symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety. Linear and logistic regression models estimated the effects of high symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety at 6 months on health outcomes at 13 and 25 months post-intake by gender.Results. Three distinct symptom clusters (i.e. traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms) were found to emerge for both widows and widowers. Widows had higher mean levels of traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms. High symptom levels of traumatic grief measured at 6 months predicted a physical health event (e.g. cancer, heart attack) at 25 months post-intake for widows. High symptom levels of anxiety measured at 6 months predicted suicidal ideation at 25 months for widowers.Conclusions. The results suggest that there are gender differences in the levels of psychological symptoms resulting from bereavement and in their effects on subsequent mental and physical health for widows and widowers.

scholarly journals Sleep and inflammation in resilient aging

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 20140009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Biological Pathway ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Sleep quality is important to health, and increasingly viewed as critical in promoting successful, resilient aging. In this review, the interplay between sleep and mental and physical health is considered with a focus on the role of inflammation as a biological pathway that translates the effects of sleep on risk of depression, pain and chronic disease risk in aging. Given that sleep regulates inflammatory biologic mechanisms with effects on mental and physical health outcomes, the potential of interventions that target sleep to reduce inflammation and promote health in aging is also discussed.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Mexican Americans Aged 80 and Older

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 153331752110429
Author(s):  
Sadaf Arefi Milani ◽  
Phillip A Cantu ◽  
Abbey B. Berenson ◽  
Yong-Fang Kuo ◽  
Kyriakos S. Markides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Design And Methods

Background and Objectives To assess gender differences in prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among community-dwelling Mexican Americans ≥80 years. Research Design and Methods: Using data from Wave 7 (2010–2011) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly, we analyzed the NPS of 914 participants as determined by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) with assessments conducted by their caregivers. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the association of individual NPS with gender, adjusting for relevant characteristics. Results: The average age of our sample was 86.1 years, and 65.3% were women. Over 60% of participants had at least one informant/caregiver reported NPS. After adjustment, women had lower odds than men of agitation/aggression but higher odds of dysphoria/depression and anxiety. Discussion: Recognizing gender differences in NPS phenotype could help guide development of culturally appropriate NPS screening and treatment programs.

scholarly journals Depression and Anxiety among University Students: a Comparison Between COVID-19 Pandemic Panic Period and Post-Panic Period in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowranga Kumar Paul ◽  
Meshbahur Rahman ◽  
Shayla Naznin ◽  
Mashfiqul Haq Chowdhury ◽  
Md Jamal Uddin
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

Abstract Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest public health concern. It harmed everyone, both physically and mentally. Because of panic situations in COVID-19 pandemic, students all over the world, including those in Bangladesh, are suffering from depression and anxiety. Considering this, we aimed to assess psycho-emotional changes of the university students through investigating their level of depression and anxiety effects during panic and post-panic period of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.Methods: Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted among university students in Bangladesh from April to July 2020 (panic period, n=170) and then from August to November 2020 (post-panic period, n=170). The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires were used to assess respondents' depression and anxiety levels, respectively. We used continuous scores to assess the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. We also computed binary depression and anxiety scores. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: The proportion of depression symptoms was 49.4% during the panic period and 52.4% after the panic period. Anxiety symptoms were experienced by 38.2% of students during the panic period, and this percentage was nearly identical in the post-panic interval. Depression levels increased in the post-panic period and urban students have significantly (P< 0.05) higher levels of depression and anxiety than their counterparts. Female students also exhibited significantly more anxious symptoms (p=0.002) than male. Depression symptoms significantly vary by family types, students place of residence whereas students age, gender, education, family head's occupation, time period and family economic condition found no significant association with the depression.Conclusions: Students during the post-panic period have a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms than during the panic period. Although the difference was small, it was still concerning for university students in Bangladesh because it interfered with their academic life.

The Effects of Polyvictimization on Mental and Physical Health Outcomes in an LGBTQ Sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Kassing ◽  
Tracy Casanova ◽  
James A. Griffin ◽  
Elizabeth Wood ◽  
Lara M. Stepleman
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Physical Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

scholarly journals A rapid review of mental and physical health effects of working at home: how do we optimise health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Oakman ◽  
Natasha Kinsman ◽  
Rwth Stuckey ◽  
Melissa Graham ◽  
Victoria Weale
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Working At Home ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in changes to the working arrangements of millions of employees who are now based at home and may continue to work at home, in some capacity, for the foreseeable future. Decisions on how to promote employees’ health whilst working at home (WAH) need to be based on the best available evidence to optimise worker outcomes. The aim of this rapid review was to review the impact of WAH on individual workers’ mental and physical health, and determine any gender difference, to develop recommendations for employers and employees to optimise workers’ health. Method A search was undertaken in three databases, PsychInfo, ProQuest, and Web of Science, from 2007 to May 2020. Selection criteria included studies which involved employees who regularly worked at home, and specifically reported on physical or mental health-related outcomes. Two review authors independently screened studies for inclusion, one author extracted data and conducted risk of bias assessments with review by a second author. Results Twenty-three papers meet the selection criteria for this review. Ten health outcomes were reported: pain, self-reported health, safety, well-being, stress, depression, fatigue, quality of life, strain and happiness. The impact on health outcomes was strongly influenced by the degree of organisational support available to employees, colleague support, social connectedness (outside of work), and levels of work to family conflict. Overall, women were less likely to experience improved health outcomes when WAH. Conclusions This review identified several health outcomes affected by WAH. The health/work relationship is complex and requires consideration of broader system factors to optimise the effects of WAH on workers’ health. It is likely mandated WAH will continue to some degree for the foreseeable future; organisations will need to implement formalised WAH policies that consider work-home boundary management support, role clarity, workload, performance indicators, technical support, facilitation of co-worker networking, and training for managers.

Positive Emotion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Black
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Late Adulthood ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Scientific findings from social sciences, neurobiology, endocrinology, and immunology highlight the adaptive benefits of positive emotion and activity to both mental and physical health. Positive activity, such as engagement with music and exercise, can also contribute to favorable health outcomes. This article reviews scientific evidence of the adaptive benefits of positive emotion and activity throughout the life course, with examples drawn from the fetal environment through late adulthood. Specifically, the text weaves together theory and empirical findings from an interdisciplinary literature to describe how positive emotion and activity help to build important cognitive, social, and physical resources throughout the life course.

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