Environmental Isotope Study (14C, 13C, 18O, D, Noble Gases) on Deep Groundwater Circulation Systems in Hungary With Reference to Paleoclimate

We have studied environmental isotopes and noble gases in groundwater samples from various locations in the Great Hungarian Plain along two selected hydrogeological cross-sections of ca 100km. The 14C groundwater ages were corrected hydrochemically and compared with age information derived from excess helium due to 4He from α-decay of U and Th and their daughter nuclides within the aquifer and to He accumulation from the crustal (and mantle) He flux. In correcting the 14C groundwater ages, we considered carbonate dissolution under open and closed system conditions in the infiltration areas. Non-radioactive reduction of the 14C/12C isotope ratio also plays an important role due to the addition of “dead” carbon species to groundwater along its subsurface pathway. High (corrected) 14C ages, which fall into the last global cold period, are supported by significantly lower heavy stable isotope values as well as lower temperatures derived from the noble gases Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe.

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Environmental isotopes and noble gases in the deep aquifer system of Kazan Trona Ore Field, Ankara, central Turkey and links to paleoclimate

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/j.yqres.2012.12.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 292-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sebnem Arslan ◽

Hasan Yazicigil ◽

Martin Stute ◽

Peter Schlosser

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

Noble Gases ◽

Noble Gas ◽

Environmental Isotopes ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Deep Aquifer ◽

Aquifer System ◽

Ground Temperatures ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Central Turkey

AbstractEnvironmental isotopes and noble gases in groundwater samples from the Kazan Trona Ore Field are studied to establish the temperature change between the Holocene and the late Pleistocene. Noble gas temperatures (NGTs) presented in this study add an important facet to the global paleotemperature map in the region between Europe and North Africa. The groundwater system under investigation consists of three different aquifers named shallow, middle and deep in which δ18O and δ2H vary from − 8.10‰ to − 12.80‰ and from − 60.89‰ to − 92.60‰ VSMOW, respectively. The average isotopic depletion between unconfined and confined parts of the system is − 2.5‰ in δ18O and − 20‰ in δ2H. It is not possible to explain this depletion solely with the elevation effect. Recharge temperatures derived from dissolved atmospheric noble gases reflect the current average yearly ground temperatures (13°C) for samples collected near the recharge area but are 3 to 8°C lower than today's temperatures in the deep aquifer system. Low 14C activities and high He excesses in the confined parts of the aquifer system suggest that the water in the deep aquifer was recharged during the last Pleistocene under considerably cooler climatic conditions.

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Investigation of paleoclimate signatures in Sfax deep groundwater (Southeastern Tunisia) using environmental isotopes and noble gases

Quaternary International ◽

10.1016/j.quaint.2019.04.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 547 ◽

pp. 208-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rim Trabelsi ◽

Takuya Matsumoto ◽

Kamel Zouari ◽

Mahdi Trabelsi ◽

Bhishm Kumar

Keyword(s):

Noble Gases ◽

Environmental Isotopes ◽

Deep Groundwater

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Groundwater Circulation in the Xianshui River Fault Region: A Hydrogeochemical Study

Water ◽

10.3390/w12123310 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3310

Author(s):

Yuqing Zhao ◽

You-Kuan Zhang ◽

Yonglin Yang ◽

Feifei Li ◽

Sa Xiao

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Flow ◽

Water Samples ◽

Hot Spring ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Deep Groundwater ◽

Groundwater System ◽

Groundwater Circulation ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

The One ◽

Fault Region

Water samples from rainfall, river, springs, and wells in the Xianshui River fault region near Xialatuo, China were collected during two sampling campaigns to investigate the complex groundwater circulation in the region. The major ions, stable isotopes, and four natural radium isotopes of the water samples were analyzed, and the results were utilized to identify different groundwater circulation depths. Most water samples excluding the one at a hot spring and the one at a borehole possess similar hydrochemical compositions and lower total dissolved solids (TDS), implying that their circulation depth is relatively shallow or that residence time is short. The sample at the hot spring has high TDS and high temperature as well as the high F concentration, inferring that it may circulate at a deeper depth. The sample at the borehole contains mixed hydrochemical characteristics of other samples. Three groundwater flow systems may exist in the study area: the shallow groundwater system recharged by precipitations and local groundwater flow, the deep groundwater system recharged by the regional groundwater flow, and the intermediate one between the above two systems. The finding of the three flow systems is supported by the δ2H and δ18O as well as the apparent radium ages of the samples. The δ2H and δ18O values at the intercept of the line formed by the shallow groundwater samples and the local meteoric water line (LMWL) are similar to those of modern precipitations. The δ2H and δ18O values at the intercept of the line formed by the deep groundwater samples and the LMWL show that it is probably recharged by relatively older precipitations. The 2H and 18O values of the borehole samples are between the above two intercept points. The deep-circulated groundwater with high temperature has longer apparent radium age than other water samples. The apparent radium ages of the shallow groundwater are similar but less than that of the deep groundwater. Groundwater at the borehole may circulate at a depth between the above two. The results of this study improve our understanding of the complex groundwater circulation and enable us to better protect and manage the groundwater resources in the region.

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Formation of α clusters in dilute neutron-rich matter

Science ◽

10.1126/science.abe4688 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 371 (6526) ◽

pp. 260-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Junki Tanaka ◽

Zaihong Yang ◽

Stefan Typel ◽

Satoshi Adachi ◽

Shiwei Bai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Cluster Formation ◽

Reaction Cross ◽

Skin Thickness ◽

Neutron Skin ◽

Heavy Nuclei ◽

Α Decay ◽

Neutron Skin Thickness ◽

Reaction Cross Sections ◽

Α Particles

The surface of neutron-rich heavy nuclei, with a neutron skin created by excess neutrons, provides an important terrestrial model system to study dilute neutron-rich matter. By using quasi-free α cluster–knockout reactions, we obtained direct experimental evidence for the formation of α clusters at the surface of neutron-rich tin isotopes. The observed monotonous decrease of the reaction cross sections with increasing mass number, in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction, implies a tight interplay between α-cluster formation and the neutron skin. This result, in turn, calls for a revision of the correlation between the neutron-skin thickness and the density dependence of the symmetry energy, which is essential for understanding neutron stars. Our result also provides a natural explanation for the origin of α particles in α decay.

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Absolute cross sections for multiple ionization of noble gases by swift proton impact

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics ◽

10.1088/0953-4075/36/14/311 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 36 (14) ◽

pp. 3087-3096 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

E G Cavalcanti ◽

G M Sigaud ◽

E C Montenegro ◽

H Schmidt-B cking

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Noble Gases ◽

Proton Impact ◽

Multiple Ionization

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Neutron Scattering Cross Sections of the Noble Gases

Physical Review ◽

10.1103/physrev.80.20 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 20-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sigmund P. Harris

Keyword(s):

Neutron Scattering ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Noble Gases ◽

Scattering Cross ◽

Scattering Cross Sections

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Chemical composition of groundwaters in the Hornsund region, southern Spitsbergen

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2012.075 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 117-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Tomasz Olichwer ◽

Robert Tarka ◽

Magdalena Modelska

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Shallow Groundwater ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Deep Groundwater ◽

Exchange Processes ◽

Groundwater Circulation ◽

Initial Chemical Composition ◽

The University ◽

Intermediate System

Chemical composition of groundwaters was investigated in the region of the Hornsund fjord (southern Spitsbergen). The investigations were conducted during polar expeditions organized by the University of Wroclaw in two summer seasons of 2003 and 2006. Three zones of groundwater circulation: suprapermafrost, intrapermafrost and subpermafrost, were identified in areas of perennial permafrost in the region of Hornsund. The zone of shallow circulation occurs in non-glaciated (suprapermafrost) and subglacial areas. In this zone, the chemical composition of groundwater originates from initial chemical composition of precipitation, mineralogical composition of bedrock, oxidation of sulphides and dissolution of carbonates. The intermediate system of circulation is connected with water flow inside and below perennial permafrost (intrapermafrost and subpermafrost). In this zone, the chemical composition of groundwater is mainly controlled by dissolution of carbonates, ion exchange processes involving Ca2+ substitution by Na+, and oxidation of sulphides under oxygen-depleted conditions. The subpermafrost zone (deep groundwater circulation) occurs in deep-tectonic fractures, which are likely conduits for the descent of shallow groundwater to deeper depths. In this zone, the groundwater shows lower mineralization comparing to intrapermafrost zone and has a multi-ion nature Cl–HCO3–Na-Ca–Mg.

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Simulation and Assessment of Groundwater for Domestic and Irrigation Uses

Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.28991/cej-2019-03091379 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 1877-1892 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Majed Rodhan Hussain ◽

Basim Sh. Abed

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Alluvial Fan ◽

Water Levels ◽

Specific Yield ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Steady State Condition ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

One Year

The alluvial fan of Mandali located between latitude 30˚45’00” N longitude 45˚30’00” E in east of Diyala Governorate, Iraq. Thirty-five wells were identified in the study area with average depth of 84 m and estimated area of 21550 ha. A three-dimensional conceptual model was prepared by using GMS program. From wells cross sections, four geological layers have been identified. The hydraulic conductivity of these layers was calculated for steady state condition, where the water levels for nine wells distributed over the study area were observed at same time. Afterward, PEST facility in the GMS was used to estimate the aquifer hydraulic characteristics. Other characteristics such as storage coefficient and specific yield have been determined from one year field observations that were collected by General Authority of Groundwater, Diyala Governorate. Also, the observations were used for calibration of unsteady state model. Then wells were hypothetically redistributed and increased to 103 wells, assuming a distance of 1500 m between the wells, a well productivity rate of were 7 l/s, annual rainfall rate was used for recharging. Three different wells operating times were suggested and these 6, 12, and 18 hr/day with total discharge of 150, 300, 450 m3/day and maximum drawdown of 7, 11, and 20 m respectively. For water quality assessment, the collected groundwater samples were analysed at the laboratory. Results showed that the TDS in all wells was ranged from 1000-3000 mg/l but TDS in well number 18 was exceeded 3000 mg/l which indicate that the groundwater in this well is not recommended to be used for irrigation. According to Iraqi standard for drink (IQS 2009), it can be used for drinking if saline treatment units were provided.

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A search for deviations from the inverse square law of gravity at nm range using a pulsed neutron beam

EPJ Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/epjconf/201921905002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 219 ◽

pp. 05002

Author(s):

Christopher Haddock ◽

Katsuya Hirota ◽

Takashi Ino ◽

Masaaki Kitaguchi ◽

Kenji Mishima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutron Scattering ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Noble Gases ◽

Scattering Length ◽

Slow Neutron ◽

Inverse Square Law ◽

Scattering Cross ◽

Law Of Gravity ◽

Neutron Momentum ◽

Scattering Cross Sections

Recently published results and ongoing experimental efforts to search for deviations from the inverse square law of gravity at the nanometer length scale using slow neutron scattering from the noble gases are discussed. Using the pulsed slow neutron beamline BL05 at the Materials and Life Sciences Facility at J-PARC, we measured the neutron momentum transfer (q) dependence of the differential scattering cross section for the noble gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. By comparing to the distributions obtained using pseudo-experimental Monte Carlo simulations and forming ratios between Xe and He, we placed an upper bound on the strength of a new interaction as a function of interaction length λ which improved upon previous results in the region λ < 0.1 nm, and remains competitive in the larger λ region. Additionally we describe how we are using our technique to extract relative values of the total neutron scattering cross sections of the noble gases, as well as how we plan to measure the neutron-electron scattering length using the NOVA instrument on BL21 at J-PARC.

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