scholarly journals Radiocarbon Calibration Curve Variations and Their Implications for the Interpretation of New Zealand Prehistory

Radiocarbon ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. McFadgen ◽  
F. B. Knox ◽  
T. R. L. Cole
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Spreading Effect ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Initial Settlement ◽  
Stochastic Distribution ◽  
Radiocarbon Calibration

The shape of a distribution of calibrated 14C dates displays spurious peaks and troughs, brought about by changes in the slope of the calibration curve interacting with the spreading effect of the stochastic distribution of counting errors. The distortion results in a positive correlation between the numbers of dates per calendar year and the slopes of the calibration curves, for assemblages of archaeological dates from such widely separated areas as British Columbia, South Australia and New Zealand. The distortion also increases the possibility of date reversals, and increases the overall spread of calibrated 14C dates. After taking into account this systematic distortion and inbuilt age of charcoal and wood samples, we estimate dates for the initial settlement and first appearance of fortifications, and infer a likely trend of population growth for prehistoric New Zealand.

scholarly journals Least-Squares Fitting A Smooth Curve to Radiocarbon Calibration Data

Radiocarbon ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Knox ◽  
B. G. McFadgen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Wiener Filter ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Average Standard Error ◽  
Radiocarbon Calibration

We Fourier transformed and filtered calibration curve data to compensate for the averaging effect of radiocarbon-dating sets of adjacent tree rings. A Wiener Filter was also applied to minimize the effects of the counting errors of the dates on the resulting calibration curve and to produce a least-squares curve through the data. The method is illustrated using a short 14C-dated tree-ring sequence from New Zealand to produce a calibration curve at yearly intervals for New Zealand matai (Prumnopitys taxifolia). The resulting curve has a nominal standard error of 10 ± 3 yr, which is ca. half the average standard error of the original raw data.

Botrytis tulipae. [Distribution map].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Botrytis tulipae Lind. Hosts: Tulip (Tulipa). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, Iraq, Japan, Korea, Phillipines, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Switzerland, UK, Jersey, Guernsey, USSR, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Saskatchewan, USA, South America, Argentina, Chile.

Phytophthora megasperma. [Distribution map].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytophthora megasperma Drechsler. Hosts: general root pathogen. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, India, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Japan, Philippines, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, NSWm Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia, South Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Britain & Northetn Ireland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Poland, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, South America, Argentina, Venezuela.

scholarly journals Towards a Radiocarbon Calibration for Oxygen Isotope Stage 3 Using New Zealand Kauri (Agathis Australis)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris S M Turney ◽  
L Keith Fifield ◽  
Jonathan G Palmer ◽  
Alan G Hogg ◽  
Mike G L Baillie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stage ◽  
Absolute Measure ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
Archaeological Models ◽  
Subfossil Wood ◽  
Radiocarbon Calibration

It is well known that radiocarbon years do not directly equate to calendar time. As a result, considerable effort has been devoted to generating a decadally resolved calibration curve for the Holocene and latter part of the last termination. A calibration curve that can be unambiguously attributed to changes in atmospheric 14C content has not, however, been generated beyond 26 kyr cal BP, despite the urgent need to rigorously test climatic, environmental, and archaeological models. Here, we discuss the potential of New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) to define the structure of the 14C calibration curve using annually resolved tree rings and thereby provide an absolute measure of atmospheric 14C. We report bidecadally sampled 14C measurements obtained from a floating 1050-yr chronology, demonstrating repeatable 14C measurements near the present limits of the dating method. The results indicate that considerable scope exists for a high-resolution 14C calibration curve back through OIS-3 using subfossil wood from this source.

VARIATION AMONG BRITISH COLUMBIA AND NORTHERN ALBERTA POPULATIONS OF RASPBERRIES, RUBUS IDAEUS SUBSPP. STRIGOSUS MICHX.

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. J. VAN ADRICHEM
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Specific Character ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Northern Alberta ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Several population samples of Rubus idaeus subspp. strigosus Michx. (raspberries) were collected in British Columbia and northern Alberta and a number of characters were studied and compared with the cultivar Trent. Significant differences between populations were found for cane length, number of buds per cane, percentage of buds growing, number of inflorescences and flowers per bud, fruit and seed weight. There was a positive correlation between the total seed weight and the number of seeds, and between the total seed and fruit weight. No distinct types could be established based on location or elevation. None of the populations showed significantly better winter hardiness than the cultivar Trent, and although some had a specific character that was superior, none was found to have overall superiority.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Lichens in Metrosideros excelsa in Northern New Zealand Urban Forests

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Gladys N. Benitez ◽  
Glenn D. Aguilar ◽  
Dan Blanchon
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Lichen Community ◽  
The North ◽  
The City ◽  
Lichen Flora

The spatial distribution of corticolous lichens on the iconic New Zealand pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa) tree was investigated from a survey of urban parks and forests across the city of Auckland in the North Island of New Zealand. Lichens were identified from ten randomly selected trees at 20 sampling sites, with 10 sites classified as coastal and another 10 as inland sites. Lichen data were correlated with distance from sea, distance from major roads, distance from native forests, mean tree DBH (diameter at breast height) and the seven-year average of measured NO2 over the area. A total of 33 lichen species were found with coastal sites harboring significantly higher average lichen species per tree as well as higher site species richness. We found mild hotspots in two sites for average lichen species per tree and another two separate sites for species richness, with all hotspots at the coast. A positive correlation between lichen species richness and DBH was found. Sites in coastal locations were more similar to each other in terms of lichen community composition than they were to adjacent inland sites and some species were only found at coastal sites. The average number of lichen species per tree was negatively correlated with distance from the coast, suggesting that the characteristic lichen flora found on pōhutukawa may be reliant on coastal microclimates. There were no correlations with distance from major roads, and a slight positive correlation between NO2 levels and average lichen species per tree.

scholarly journals An Online Application for ΔR Calculation

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1623-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron W Reimer ◽  
Paula J Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Probability Distribution Function ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Online Program ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Radiocarbon Calibration

AbstractA regional offset (ΔR) from the marine radiocarbon calibration curve is widely used in calibration software (e.g. CALIB, OxCal) but often is not calculated correctly. While relatively straightforward for known-age samples, such as mollusks from museum collections or annually banded corals, it is more difficult to calculate ΔR and the uncertainty in ΔR for 14C dates on paired marine and terrestrial samples. Previous researchers have often utilized classical intercept methods that do not account for the full calibrated probability distribution function (pdf). Recently, Soulet (2015) provided R code for calculating reservoir ages using the pdfs, but did not address ΔR and the uncertainty in ΔR. We have developed an online application for performing these calculations for known-age, paired marine and terrestrial 14C dates and U-Th dated corals. This article briefly discusses methods that have been used for calculating ΔR and the uncertainty and describes the online program deltar, which is available free of charge.

Monilochaetes infuscans. [Distribution map].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Monilochaetes infuscans Halsted ex Harter. Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Sierra Leone, Zimbabwe, Asia, China, Israel, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, US Trust Terr., Europe, Portugal, Azores, North America, USA, South America, Argentina, Brazil.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi. [Distribution map].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New York ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi (Sackett) Young, Dye & Wilkie. Hosts: Pea (Pisum sativum) and other Apiaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Asia, India, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Armenia, Kirghizistan, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia, Queensland, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand, Europe, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, Voronezh, Moldavia, Switzerland, UK, England, Yugoslavia, North America, Bermuda, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, New York, South America, Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay.

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