scholarly journals The Contribution of Radiocarbon Dating to New World Archaeology

Radiocarbon ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Noticeable Improvement ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New World Studies

When introduced almost five decades ago, radiocarbon (14C) dating provided New World archaeologists with a common chronometric scale that transcended the countless site-specific and regional schemes that had been developed by four generations of field researchers employing a wide array of criteria for distinguishing relative chronological phases. A topic of long standing interest in New World studies where 14C values have played an especially critical role is the temporal framework for the initial peopling of the New World. Other important issues where 14C results have been of particular importance include the origins and development of New World agriculture and the determination of the relationship between the western and Mayan calendars. It has been suggested that the great success of 14C was an important factor in redirecting the focus of American archaeological scholarship in the 1960s from chronology building to theory building, led to a noticeable improvement in US archaeological field methods, and provided a major catalyst that moved American archaeologists increasingly to direct attention to analytical and statistical approaches in the manipulation and evaluation of archaeological data.

scholarly journals Six Decades of Radiocarbon Dating in New World Archaeology

Radiocarbon ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
World Archaeological ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
World Agriculture ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
The Relationship

Radiocarbon (14C) dating provided New World archaeological research with the first continent-wide common chronometric scale that transcended the mostly relative site- and region-specific chronological sequences that had been assembled during the preceding century of fieldwork. 14C data continue to play a critical role in establishing a chronometric framework for the 5-century-long debate concerning the timing of the initial peopling of the New World. Other issues where 14C results have been of particular importance include the origins and development of New World agriculture and determination of the relationship between the Western and Classic Maya long-count calendar. The introduction of a third-generation measurement technology of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) beginning in the late 1970s has provided a means of obtaining analyses on milligram and microgram amounts of carbon permitting more detailed critical approaches to increasing the accuracy of 14C values on certain sample types—particularly human skeletal materials. It also provided a more effective means of allowing greater dating precision in situations where such data had an important bearing on the validity of inferences about the rates of cultural evolutionary change in New World societies.

scholarly journals Editor's Introduction: I. Writing Modern Art and Science – An Overview; II. Cubism, Futurism, and Ether Physics in the Early Twentieth Century

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Dalrymple Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Radical Innovations ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Modern Artists ◽  
The Relationship

This issue of Science in Context presents a sampling of current work by art historians examining modern artists' engagement with science as well as the relationship of photography to both science and art. The essays' topics span the mid-to-later nineteenth century to the 1960s and, thus, in a series of case studies provide an introduction to aspects of artistic modernism. Indeed, it is impossible to understand fully many of the radical innovations of modern art without some knowledge of an artist's cultural context, and developments in science have often played a critical role in defining that milieu. Collected together, these essays also represent methodological models of historical work on art and science that serve as useful examples in this developing field.

scholarly journals Determination of influencing metricsin water fall model

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.26) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
K David ◽  
R Anand
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
Senior Management ◽  
Project Teams ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

You cannot control what you can’t measure - Tom DeMarco -Metrics plays a critical role in any industry. The metrics can tell the senior management the health of the activity in that organization. In the paper, we have studied the relationship between the metrics and the quality of deliverables. Once the right metrics are identified for a particular phasein the life cycle model it will help the project manager to proactive-ly detect the issues earlier and arrest the defects. This can help the project teams to deliver the product on time without defects. There by the cost of the projects can be reduced which in turn will have high customer satisfaction.  

scholarly journals Modernist aesthetic-philosophical positions of S. Shumytskyi in the context of the sixtiers

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Valentyna Kryvenchuk
Keyword(s):  
Literary Tradition ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Intertextual Connections ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship

The relevance of the study is due to the need to expand the circle of the Sixtiers- poets, demonstrating the manifestation of modernist aesthetics in the works of S. Shumitskyi as an organic part of the discourse of the sixtiers movements. Accordingly, the subject of the study is the intertextual links of the poetic works of this author with other representatives of the generation of the 1960s. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the modernist aesthetic and philosophical search for the poetic heritage of the sixtiers S. Shumitskyi. Achieving the purpose is possible thanks to the methodology of intertextual analysis, which reveals the relationship between the texts, as many-sided discussions, as the process of creating text by sending text to art forms and genres, style codes, literary tradition, as the destruction or transformation of established poetic norms. As a result of the research, it is established that the work of S. Shumitskyi develops ideological and aesthetic features common to the sixtiers poets. The original features of his creative heritage are autoreflexivity, associativeness and musicality. As the nature of each poetic text is different, it causes the following: the very genesis of the text determines the complexity of the interconnections between the various texts, which, in turn, depend on the dominant sense of the additional functions of the auxiliary inclusions imagery. In S. Shumytskyi’s works, latent (not directly written) ideas dominate, therefore, they prompt the recipient to meditate. These very signs enable the creation of innumerable models of manifestation of the author's thinking. S. Shumitskyi’s intertextuality confirms his inclusion in the context of the sixtiers, in particular, references to the work of V. Simonenko are demonstrated. The frequency types of intertextuality are such types of intertextual links as intertextuality itself, paratextuality, metatextuality, hypertextuality, and intermedia. The intertextual links can load any element of the text: from the name to the tropes. The perspectives of the research is consist in the study of other sources of intertextual connections in the work of S. Shumitskyi, the clarification of his aesthetic guidelines and the determination of the optimal context for the evaluation of the auther’s work.

Kinematic Approximations in TED and RHEED Analysis of Reconstructed Surfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-397
Author(s):  
L. -M. Peng ◽  
M. J. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
Great Success ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Kinematic Approximation ◽  
Reconstructed Surfaces

In recent years there has been a trend in the structure determination of reconstructed surfaces to use high energy electron diffraction techniques, and to employ a kinematic approximation in analyzing the intensities of surface superlattice reflections. Experimentally this is motivated by the great success of the determination of the dimer adatom stacking fault (DAS) structure of the Si(111) 7 × 7 reconstructed surface.While in the case of transmission electron diffraction (TED) the validity of the kinematic approximation has been examined by using multislice calculations for Si and certain incident beam directions, far less has been done in the reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) case. In this paper we aim to provide a thorough Bloch wave analysis of the various diffraction processes involved, and to set criteria on the validity for the kinematic analysis of the intensities of the surface superlattice reflections.The validity of the kinematic analysis, being common to both the TED and RHEED case, relies primarily on two underlying observations, namely (l)the surface superlattice scattering in the selvedge is kinematically dominating, and (2)the superlattice diffracted beams are uncoupled from the fundamental diffracted beams within the bulk.

Thromboplastin Related Differences in the Determination of International Normalised Ratio: A Cause for Concern?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kitchen ◽  
I D Walker ◽  
T A L Woods ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Warfarin Dosage ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
International Normalised Ratio ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWhen the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is used for control of oral anticoagulant therapy the same result should be obtained irrespective of the laboratory reagent used. However, in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for Blood Coagulation INRs determined using different reagents have been significantly different.For 18 NEQAS samples Manchester Reagent (MR) was associated with significantly lower INRs than those obtained using Diagen Activated (DA, p = 0.0004) or Instrumentation Laboratory PT-Fib HS (IL, p = 0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 3.15, 3.61, and 3.65 for MR, DA, and IL respectively. For 61 fresh samples from warfarin-ised patients with INRs of greater than 3.0 the relationship between thromboplastins in respect of INR was similar to that observed for NEQAS data. Thus INRs obtained with MR were significantly lower than with DA or IL (p <0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 4.01, 4.40, and 4.59 for MR, DA, and IL respectively.We conclude that the differences between INRs measured with the thromboplastins studied here are sufficiently great to influence patient management through warfarin dosage schedules, particularly in the upper therapeutic range of INR. There is clearly a need to address the issues responsible for the observed discrepancies.

Klein with Lacan: A Study on the Reception of Lacanian Ideas in Uruguay and Its Effects on Clinical Practices (1955–82)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Grau-Pérez ◽  
J. Guillermo Milán
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Discursive Approach ◽  
The Way ◽  
Clinical Cases

In Uruguay, Lacanian ideas arrived in the 1960s, into a context of Kleinian hegemony. Adopting a discursive approach, this study researched the initial reception of these ideas and its effects on clinical practices. We gathered a corpus of discursive data from clinical cases and theoretical-doctrinal articles (from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s). In order to examine the effects of Lacanian ideas, we analysed the difference in the way of interpreting the clinical material before and after Lacan's reception. The results of this research illuminate some epistemological problems of psychoanalysis, especially the relationship between theory and clinical practice.

The Fragmentation of the Palestinian Political Field

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 189-216
Author(s):  
Jamil Hilal
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
National Representation ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Palestinian National Movement ◽  
The Relationship

The mid-1960s saw the beginnings of the construction of a Palestinian political field after it collapsed in 1948, when, with the British government’s support of the Zionist movement, which succeeded in establishing the state of Israel, the Palestinian national movement was crushed. This article focuses mainly on the Palestinian political field as it developed in the 1960s and 1970s, the beginnings of its fragmentation in the 1990s, and its almost complete collapse in the first decade of this century. It was developed on a structure characterized by the dominance of a center where the political leadership functioned. The center, however, was established outside historic Palestine. This paper examines the components and dynamics of the relationship between the center and the peripheries, and the causes of the decline of this center and its eventual disappearance, leaving the constituents of the Palestinian people under local political leadership following the collapse of the national representation institutions, that is, the political, organizational, military, cultural institutions and sectorial organizations (women, workers, students, etc.) that made up the PLO and its frameworks. The paper suggests that the decline of the political field as a national field does not mean the disintegration of the cultural field. There are, in fact, indications that the cultural field has a new vitality that deserves much more attention than it is currently assigned.

Modern determinants of endometrium hyperplastic processes pathogenesis

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
V.O. Benyuk ◽  
◽  
V.M. Goncharenko ◽  
T.R. Nykoniuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Receptor Phenotype ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Endometrial Proliferation

The objective: to еxplore the relationship between the activity of endometrial proliferation and the state of the local immune response in the uterus in the conditions berprestasi process. Patients and methods. Examined 228 women of reproductive and perimenopausal age with endometrial pathology using ultrasound and then performing hysteroresectoscopy. Determination of the concentrations of the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF was performed by solid phase ELISA. Results. Found a trend that confirms the loss of sensitivity to hormones at the stage of malignancy of the endometrium and can be used as diagnostic determinants in determining the nature of intrauterine pathology and criterion of the effectiveness of conservative therapy. Conclusion. Improving etiopatogenetice approach to the therapy of hyperplastic proce.sses of endometrium with determination of receptor phenotype of the endometrium is a research direction in modern gynecology, which will help to improve the results of treatment and prevention of intrauterine pathology. Key words: endometrial hyperplasia,the receptors for progesterone and estrogen, immunohistochemical method.

Calculating the aerodynamics of vertical axis wind turbines

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Bich Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Rotor Blades ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Velocity Triangle ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Vertical axis wind turbine technology has been applied last years, very long after horizontal axis wind turbine technology. Aerodynamic problems of vertical axis wind machines are discussible. An important problem is the determination of the incidence law in the interaction between wind and rotor blades. The focus of the work is to establish equations of the incidence depending on the blade azimuth, and to solve them. From these results, aerodynamic torques and power can be calculated. The incidence angle is a parameter of velocity triangle, and both the factors depend not only on the blade azimuth but also on the ratio of rotational speed and horizontal speed. The built computational program allows theoretically selecting the relationship of geometric parameters of wind turbine in accordance with requirements on power, wind speed and installation conditions.

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