Ethalfluralin Activity in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr ◽  
Thomas J. Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Market

In greenhouse studies, soil organic matter reduced the herbicidal activity of ethalfluralin (N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine). Fifty percent inhibition (I5.0) values for barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv.] stand, injury, and shoot fresh weight increased as the soil organic-matter level increased. No difference in ethalfluralin tolerance was found among 16 cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) cultivars. When grouped according to market type, fresh market cultivars tended to be injured more than pickling cultivars by excess ethalfluralin. Both shoots and roots of cucumber absorbed the herbicide, but exposure of roots to ethalfluralin was more toxic than exposure of shoots. Field studies indicated that with certain edaphic and environmental conditions, cucumbers can be injured by preemergence applications of ethalfluralin. Injury was greatest in a low organic-matter soil following a heavy rain. Ethalfluralin at 1.3 kg/ha gave adequate weed control in 1 and 3% organic-matter soils, but not in a 9% organic-matter soil.

scholarly journals Dry bean response to preemergence flumioxazin

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Albert T. Adjesiwor ◽  
David A. Claypool ◽  
Andrew R. Kniss
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Extension Center

AbstractField studies were conducted from 2009 through 2011 at the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center near Lingle, Wyoming, to evaluate great northern bean response to PRE flumioxazin mixed with either trifluralin, pendimethalin, or ethalfluralin. Seven treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three or four replicates y−1. The soil texture of the study site was loam in 2009 and 2011, and sandy loam in 2010. Soil organic matter ranged from 1.4% to 1.8%. Treatments included flumioxazin plus trifluralin, flumioxazin plus pendimethalin, flumioxazin plus ethalfluralin, ethalfluralin plus EPTC, imazamox plus bentazon (POST), hand-weeded control, and nontreated control. Dry bean density 4 wk after planting differed among herbicide treatments (P < 0.001). Treatments that included flumioxazin reduced dry bean density 54% compared with treatments without flumioxazin. Dry bean yield was influenced by dry bean density; on average, yield in flumioxazin-containing herbicide treatments was 30% less than treatments not containing flumioxazin, even though weed control was generally greater in flumioxazin treatments.

Evaluation of Allelopathic Cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) as an Aid to Weed Control

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Lockerman ◽  
A. R. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Proso Millet

Cucumber (Cucumis sativusL.) accessions which had demonstrated allelopathy under controlled environmental conditions were evaluated in the field. Plant introduction (PI) 169391 suppressed proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL.) fresh weight and population 58 and 84%, respectively. Total overseeded and volunteer weed population was reduced 54% when grown in association with PI 169391. Plant introduction 169391 was approximately twice as effective as PI 285605 in suppressing proso millet growth. Inhibition of weed species did not occur consistently in the field. The allelopathic effect of cucumbers was suppressed during periods of increased rainfall. However, these tests demonstrated that allelopathic activity could be obtained under certain edaphic and environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Glaspie ◽  
Eric A. L. Jones ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
John A. Pawlak ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

scholarly journals The Effect of Composted Organic Wastes on Weed Control Provided by Preemergence Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 470E-470
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Johnson ◽  
Larry Kuhns ◽  
Tracey Harpster
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge

Community waste management programs that include the composting of sewage sludge and yard wastes have become a necessity. Using these composts provides many benefits; however, increased levels of organic matter may reduce the effectiveness of preemergence herbicides. Determining how herbicide application rates may need to be adjusted when composted waste is incorporated into the soil may permit the use of these amendments without any decrease in weed control. This experiment examined the effect of two types of compost (composted sewage sludge and composted yard waste) on the weed control provided by four preemergence herbicides. The soil was a Hagerstown silt loam amended with 10%, 20%, or 30% compost by volume. Each mix was placed in half-gallon cardboard milk cartons. The cartons were seeded at 1/2 and 1/4 inches with a mixture of broadleaved weeds and grasses. Each soil mix was treated with simazine, oxyfluorfen, oryzalin, and metolachlor at two rates. Control was evaluated both visually by number and by the dry weight of the harvested weeds. Preliminary results indicate composted sewage sludge causes a greater reduction in herbicide efficacy than composted yard waste. Oryzalin and metolachlor were affected less than oxyfluorfen or simazine. The experiment was repeated using lower application rates. In one replication the soil mixes from the previous experiment were used. The second replication used a Hagerstown silty clay loam soil with fresh compost. The results of this experiment will provide preliminary information for future field studies designed to determine if the application rates of preemergence herbicides need to be adjusted when fields are amended with composted organic matter.

scholarly journals Benefits of Cover Crops for Soil Health

EDIS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoana C. Newman ◽  
David L. Wright ◽  
Cheryl Mackowiak ◽  
J.M.S. Scholberg ◽  
C. M. Cherr
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Residue Incorporation

SS-AGR-272, a 4-page fact sheet by Y.C. Newman, D.W. Wright, C. Mackowiak, J.M.S. Scholberg and C.M. Cherr, discusses the benefits of cover crops in agricultural production, the benefits of soil organic matter; how to match cover crop nutrient release with future crop demand; timing and depth of residue incorporation; and erosion, pest and weed control. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, November 2007. SS AGR 272/AG277: Benefits of Cover Crops for Soil Health (ufl.edu)

Evaluation of Cycloate Followed by Evening Two-Leaf–Stage Phenmedipham Application in Fresh Market Spinach

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 464-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran N. Lati ◽  
Beiquan Mou ◽  
John S. Rachuy ◽  
Steven A. Fennimore
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Reference Treatment ◽  
Leaf Stage

Fresh market spinach has one primary herbicide, cycloate, which does not control all weeds. Previous studies demonstrated that cycloate PRE followed by (fb) phenmedipham at the four-leaf spinach stage is a safe and effective treatment. However, this treatment is not useful for the main growing season of fresh spinach due to its short crop cycle and the 21-d preharvest interval requirement of phenmedipham. This study evaluates the potential to use the combination of cycloate PRE fb phenmedipham on two-leaf spinach. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted in 2014 using three spinach varieties with low (‘Nordic' and ‘Sardinia') and high (‘Regal') tolerance to phenmedipham. Greenhouse studies revealed that phenmedipham at 90 g ai ha−1was safe to Regal when applied at the two-leaf stage. Sardinia was more susceptible to phenmedipham injury under high (310 W m−2) light conditions than low (258 W m−2) light conditions. Impact of time of day on phenmedipham safety was evaluated in the field: day-long exposure to high light intensity following morning applications vs. evening applications fb exposure to low light intensity. Injury estimations taken 3 d after treatment (DAT) were lower for evening than for morning applications. Nonetheless, injury 11 DAT and spinach yield evaluations found no differences between morning and evening applications. Subsequently, cycloate (1,700 g ha−1) PRE fb phenmedipham (90 and 180 g ha−1) applied in the evening at the two-leaf stage was evaluated. A reference treatment was cycloate PRE fb phenmedipham (270 g ha−1) at the four-leaf stage. Treatments with cycloate fb two-leaf phenmedipham at 90 and 180 g ha−1were safe to spinach and improved weed control compared to cycloate alone. Cycloate fb 180 g ha−1phenmedipham at the two-leaf stage reduced weed biomass by 88% compared to cycloate alone. This level of weed control was similar to the reference treatment. Results here show that phenmedipham applied at the two-leaf stage is safe to fresh market spinach and it has the potential to be used during most of the fresh spinach growing season.

Early Postemergence Clomazone Tank Mixes on Coarse-Textured Soils in Rice

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Willingham ◽  
N.R. Falkenberg ◽  
G.N. McCauley ◽  
J.M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Control Data ◽  
Hemp Sesbania

Clomazone was labeled for rice in 2001; however, that label excluded its use on coarse- (light) textured soils, including sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam with less than 1% organic matter due to rice injury. Field studies conducted in 2005, 2006, and 2007 evaluated weed control and tolerance of rice to early postemergence (EPOST) applications of clomazone alone and tank mixed with other herbicides on sandy loam and clay loam soils. At 42 d after treatment (DAT), broadleaf signalgrass (BRAPP) and barnyardgrass (ECHCG) control was > 86%. At 14 DAT, rice injury was greatest (13%) from clomazone applied preemergence (PRE) at 0.44 kg ai/ha on sandy soil. Annual sedge (CYPCP) control was > 78% on sandy loam soils at 14 DAT, but increased to > 90% by 42 DAT. On clay loam soils, CYPCP control at 42 DAT ranged from 60 to 76% from clomazone alone or tank mixed with cyhalofop or fenoxaprop. All other tank mixes provided > 80% control. Hemp sesbania (SEBEX) control was > 80% from all tank mixes. Clomazone alone provided < 77% control. Data suggest that clomazone can be used EPOST in combination with other herbicides without causing significant rice injury on sandy loam soils in Texas.

Efficacy of Variable Rate Soil-applied Herbicides Based on Soil Electrical Conductivity and Organic Matter Differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282
Author(s):  
G. J. Gundy ◽  
J. A. Dille ◽  
A. R. Asebedo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Flat Rate

Soil application of herbicides for preemergence (PRE) weed control in grain sorghum is vital to control weeds. Efficacy of soil-applied herbicides is impacted by herbicide adsorption which is influenced by soil organic matter (SOM) and texture. With precision agriculture technologies, variable rate applications (VRA) can be utilized to maximize herbicide effectiveness. In 2016, algorithms were developed for two locations to use VRA of two tank mixed herbicides based on SOM and soil electrical conductivity (EC) collected by a Veris MSP3 system. Drone imagery provided an effective way to evaluate the efficacy of herbicide applications along with visual assessment. VRA applications of herbicide tank mixes provided equal weed control compared to flat rate applications.

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