Antagonism with Glyphosate and Residual Herbicide Combinations

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Selleck ◽  
D. D. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Field studies of herbicidal antagonism were conducted in corn (Zea maysL.), soybeans (Glycine maxL. Merr.), and on industrial sites. The addition of chlorbromuron [3-(4-bromo-3-chlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], cyanazine {2-[[4-(chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl] amino]-2-methylpropionitrile}, bifenox [methyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate], or atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] wettable powder plus dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) to glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]-alachlor[2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] combinations reduced the activity of glyphosate on quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.], common dandelion (Taraxacum officinaleWeber), and Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.] in no-till corn. Reduced weed control from antagonism resulted in decreased corn yields. Linuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea], chlorbromuron, or metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one], when added to glyphosate, reduced the control of quackgrass but not that of Canada thistle, alfalfa, or common dandelion in soybeans. Antagonsim was not evident in annual weed species. In perennial weeds, the degree of antagonism was often reduced with increased dosages of glyphosate. The inclusion of terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil), bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil), and simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] with glyphosate in mixes interfered with the control of smooth brome (Bromus inermisLeyss.), but not when applications of the residual herbicides were delayed. Quackgrass control was reduced when amitrole (3-amino-s-triazole) was mixed with glyphosate, or when applied separately.

Merits of a weed-sensing sprayer to control weeds in conservation fallow and cropping systems

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
Louis J. Molnar ◽  
C. Wayne Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Herbicide Use

Field studies were conducted from 1993 through 1995 to determine potential reductions in herbicide use and associated cost savings by utilizing a weed-sensing sprayer, named Detectspray, to control weeds throughout the fallow season and to control perennial weeds after crop harvest. The Detectspray system gave comparable weed control to conventional broadcast spraying on 80% of the application dates and reduced glyphosate/dicamba use over the fallow season by 19 to 60%. This reduced herbicide use resulted in cost savings of $6 to $32 ha−1. A fallow treatment that combined two herbicide applications with the Detectsprayer plus one to two wide-blade tillage operations was less costly than conventional tillage at two of 11 sites and at all sites retained more surface crop residues to reduce the risk of erosion. Postharvest glyphosate use on quackgrass with the Detectsprayer was reduced 50 to 78% compared to broadcast applications and resulted in cost savings of $16 to $25 ha−1. Clopyralid use on Canada thistle with the Detectsprayer was reduced 71 to 80%, with cost savings of $44 to $50 ha−1. The Detectspray system is a useful tool to effectively manage weeds in conservation fallow and reduced tillage cropping systems.

Evaluation of Spring and Fall Burndown Application Timings on Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in No-Till Cotton

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas N. Owen ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
Cliford H. Koger ◽  
Christopher L. Main ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate fall applications of herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed before planting cotton. Fall treatments were compared with spring treatments for control of GR horseweed and effect on seed cotton yield. Fall and spring treatments with and without residual herbicides were also compared. No differences were observed for control of GR horseweed or seed cotton yield between fall and spring application timings. However, a difference was observed between fall applications with and without a residual herbicide. Fall applications that contained residual herbicides provided 86% control of GR horseweed and yielded 2,360 kg/ha of seed cotton. Fall applications that did not contain a residual herbicide only provided 70% control of GR horseweed and yielded 2,010 kg/ha of seed cotton. No benefit was observed from spring applications that contained a residual herbicide. This research indicates that glyphosate-resistant horseweed can be controlled with fall- or spring-applied burndown herbicides, and fall applications should include a residual herbicide for best results.

Strategies for Control of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) and Other Winter Annual Weeds in No-Till Corn

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Armel ◽  
Robert J. Richardson ◽  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds

Field studies were conducted to determine if mesotrione alone or in combinations with other corn herbicides would control horseweed and other winter annual weeds associated with no-till corn. Mesotrione alone controlled horseweed 52 to 80% by 3 wk after treatment (WAT); however, by 7 WAT control diminished to between 37 to 68%, depending on mesotrione rate. Mesotrione at 0.16 kg ai/ha plus atrazine at 0.28 kg ai/ha controlled 99% of horseweed and annual bluegrass and 88% of yellow woodsorrel. Combinations of mesotrione at 0.16 kg/ha plus acetochlor at 1.79 kg ai/ha plus 1.12 kg ai/ha glyphosate (trimethylsulfonium salt of glyphosate) or 0.7 kg ai/ha paraquat provided 93% or greater control of all three weed species. Glyphosate alone also controlled all weed species 97 to 99%, while paraquat alone provided 99% control of annual bluegrass, 72% control of horseweed, and 36% control of yellow woodsorrel. Mixtures of paraquat plus acetochlor improved control of horseweed (93%) and yellow woodsorrel (73%) over control with either herbicide applied alone.

Chemical Control of Canada Thistle

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Carson ◽  
J. D. Bandeen
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of one, two, and three annual applications of atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino) −6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid], dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid), and a three way mix of dicamba, mecoprop [2-[(4-chloro-o-tolyl) oxy]propionic acid], and 2,4-D at a ratio of 7:5:20 at different stages of development for the control of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.]. Two consecutive annual applications in all atrazine treatments achieved the same level of control as cultivation every 5 weeks. In the year of the last treatment, Canada thistle was controlled with two or more consecutive annual applications of the hormone-type herbicides (2,4-D, dicamba, and the three way mix); however, in the year following the last treatment, regrowth occurred.

Glyphosate and Paraquat Effectiveness in Woody Nursery Stock

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ray Frank ◽  
J. A. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
Common Dandelion ◽  
Ornamental Species

Six species of 2- or 3-yr-old woody nursery stock were planted in the field in May 1976. Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine] at 2.2 or 4.5 kg/ha or paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at 0.6 or 1.1 kg/ha were applied one or two times as directed sprays in 1976 and one, two, or three times each season in 1977 and 1978. Three applications of glyphosate or paraquat were required to control weeds during the entire growing season. When late-season applications of glyphosate were made during 1977, residual weed control was observed during early 1978. When glyphosate was applied twice a year for 3 yr at 4.5 kg/ha, four of the previously dominant perennial weeds were controlled, including common dandelion (Taraxacum officinaleWeber), broadleaf dock (Rumex obtusifoliusL.), buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolataL.), and red sorrel (Rumex acetosellaL.). Three applications provided 100% control of seven of the eight remaining broadleaf perennials, including hedge bindweed (Convolvulus sepiumL.) and Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.]; six of seven species of broadleaf annuals, including Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.) and tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albusL.); and all of the remaining grass weeds. Crop size, crop quality, and marketability of the six ornamental species were not adversely affected by either herbicide. Two or three applications of glyphosate at 2.2 kg/ha or two treatments at 4.5 kg/ha increased plant size of andorra junipers (Juniperus horizontalisRend.). Three treatments of glyphosate at 2.2 kg/ha also increased the size of dwarf Japanese yews (Taxus cuspidataSieb. & Zucc.) and two treatments at 4.5 kg/ha increased the size of boxleaf Japanese holly (Ilex crenataThunb.).

Freezing Resistance of Overwintering Buds of Four Perennial Weeds

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda K. Schimming ◽  
Calvin G. Messersmith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Freezing Resistance ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The freezing resistance of overwintering buds of four perennial weed species was evaluated in artificial freezing experiments conducted in the winters of 1986 and 1987. Survival, dry weight of surviving shoots, and number of shoots produced/surviving section were determined at −4, −8, −12, −16, and −20 C for Canada thistle roots, leafy spurge roots, leafy spurge crowns, perennial sowthistle roots, and quackgrass rhizomes. The temperature required to reduce survival (LT50) and total dry weight (GR50) by 50% was determined. The response to freezing temperatures varied among species and in some cases between years. The LT50was −7, −13, colder than −20, −17, and colder than −20, and the GR50was −5, −11, −14, −15, and −13 for Canada thistle roots, leafy spurge roots, leafy spurge crowns, perennial sowthistle roots, and quackgrass rhizomes, respectively. The relative susceptibility to freezing among species appears to be directly related to the depth at which the overwintering buds generally are located.

Influence of Tillage and Herbicides on Weed Control in a Wheat (Triticum aestivum)–Soybean (Glycine max) Rotation

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Martin P. Mascianica ◽  
Thomas E. Hines ◽  
Ronald F. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
No Till ◽  
Anthemis Arvensis

Field studies were conducted for 4 yr to investigate the effects of tillage and herbicide programs on weed control and wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Potomac’ in 1981 and ‘Wheeler’ from 1982 to 1984) grain yields in a wheat-soy bean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] double-crop rotation. Predominant weed species were common chickweed [Stellaria media(L.) Vill. # STEME], corn chamomile (Anthemis arvensisL. # ANTAR), and annual bluegrass (Poa annuaL. # POAAN) at the onset of research and cheat (Bromus secalinusL. # BROSE) and soft brome (Bromus mollisL. # BROMO) at the conclusion of the study. Control of all species was excellent with conventional tillage and no-till plus nonselective herbicides but was significantly less with no-till without nonselective herbicides and with minimum tillage. After 4 yr, maximum wheat grain yields were significantly higher in conventional- than in minimum- or no-till systems.

Influence of Herbicides and Tillage on the Control of Triazine-Resistant Smooth Pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) in Corn (Zea mays) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Ritter ◽  
Thomas C. Harris ◽  
William J. Varano
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
No Till ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

In field studies, a preemergence application of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] followed by an early postemergence application of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) gave good season-long control of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridusL. ♯ AMACH) in conventional and no-till corn (Zea maysL. ‘Pioneer 3184’ and ‘Pioneer 3382’). In soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams' and ‘Essex’], best control of smooth pigweed was achieved with an early postemergence application of sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethyoxy-imino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio) propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one} plus acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}. Tillage played a role in the degree of smooth pigweed control. Best control of smooth pigweed in corn was obtained when the ground was moldboard plowed and disced, and least control was obtained when corn was no-till planted in the previous year's corn stalks or in a rye (Secale cerealeL.) cover crop.

Weed Control with Fall and Early-Preplant Herbicide Applications in No-Till Soybean

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan F. Hasty ◽  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
Aaron G. Hager
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Annual

Field studies were conducted during 1999 and 2000 to compare weed control after fall and early-preplant (EPP) herbicide applications in no-till soybean. Three residual treatments (chlorimuron plus metribuzin, chlorimuron plus sulfentrazone, and metribuzin) were applied at two rates and timings (fall and 30 d EPP) either alone or in combination with glyphosate and 2,4-D. The addition of glyphosate and 2,4-D to fall-applied residual herbicides significantly increased control of common chickweed, annual bluegrass, cressleaf groundsel, and shepherd's-purse. The effect of application rate on weed control was species dependent. Fall-applied residual herbicides were comparable with EPP treatments with respect to winter annual weed control; however, at planting control of summer annual weed species with fall treatments was less consistent compared with EPP residual herbicides.

Influence of chaff and chaff lines on weed seed survival and seedling emergence in Australian cropping systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walsh ◽  
Annie E. Rayner ◽  
Annie Rutledge ◽  
John C. Broster
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass

Abstract Chaff lining and chaff tramlining are harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems that involve the concentration of weed seed containing chaff material into narrow (20 to 30 cm) rows between or on the harvester wheel tracks during harvest. These lines of chaff are left intact in the fields through subsequent cropping seasons in the assumption that the chaff environment is unfavourable for weed seed survival. The chaff row environment effect on weed seed survival was examined in field studies, while chaff response studies determined the influence of increasing amounts of chaff on weed seedling emergence. The objectives of these studies were to determine 1) the influence of chaff lines on the summer-autumn seed survival of selected weed species; and 2) the influence of chaff type and amount on rigid ryegrass seedling emergence. There was frequently no difference (P>0.05) in survival of seed of four weed species (rigid ryegrass, wild oat, annual sowthistle and turnip weed) when these seed were placed beneath or beside chaff lines. There was one instance where wild oat seed survival was increased (P<0.05) when seed were placed beneath compared to beside a chaff line. The pot studies determined that increasing amounts of chaff consistently resulted in decreasing numbers of rigid ryegrass seedlings emerging through chaff material. The suppression of emergence broadly followed a linear relationship where there was approximately a 2.0% reduction in emergence with every 1.0 t ha-1 increase in chaff material. This relationship was consistent across wheat, barley, canola and lupin chaff types, indicating that the physical presence of the chaff was more important than chaff type. These studies indicated that chaff lines may not affect the over summer-autumn survival of the contained weed seeds but the subsequent emergence of weed seedlings will be restricted by high amounts of chaff (>40 t ha-1).

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