Tolerance of Corn (Zea mays) Lines to Clomazone

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Keifer
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Susceptible Group ◽  
Single Symmetrical Peak

Corn hybrids and inbreds were ranked for their relative tolerance to soil-incorporated clomazone, as assessed by the level of discoloration injury in the greenhouse. Inbred W117 was the most tolerant corn line tested. Some corn lines were affected similarly by clomazone. Inbred A619 was in the most susceptible group. Clomazone injury to A619 (susceptible) and W117 (tolerant) corn was similar when the clomazone rate was 10-fold greater on W117 than on A619. The distribution of corn lines on a sensitivity scale was of limited range; the distribution of hybrids on this scale was a single symmetrical peak. Changing the growth temperature or soil composition would change the absolute level of corn injury caused by a rate of clomazone but did not change the relative ranking of the corn lines in the test. A subset of the greenhouse-tested corn lines also was evaluated in several field locations. The tolerance of corn in a given field was highly (P<0.005) correlated with tolerance in the greenhouse; however, the absolute levels of injury differed among locations. The tolerance of- hybrids of known pedigree was highly (P<0.0002) correlated with the tolerance of the parent inbreds, indicating this trait was inherited.

A Framework to Evaluate the Benefit of Seismic Upgrading

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1045-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clotaire Michel ◽  
Blaise Duvernay ◽  
Ehrfried Kölz ◽  
Navid Jamali ◽  
Pierino Lestuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Seismic Code ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The One ◽  
Level Of Risk

The framework to evaluate the benefit of seismic upgrading of Galanis et al. (2018) is compared to that present in the Swiss seismic code for existing buildings since 2004, updated in 2017. To illustrate the comparison, the example building of Galanis et al. (2018) in Zurich is analyzed following the Swiss code. It is shown that the concept of Degree of Seismic Upgrade is not relevant for practical applications. More generally, the approach of Galanis et al. (2018) would be more suited to a risk-based framework (like the Swiss code) than to a performance-based framework like the one they followed. For existing buildings, we claim that it is appropriate to define the retrofitting strategy based on the absolute level of risk, whereas targeting the safety level of the design code is rarely cost-efficient.

scholarly journals A tectonomagnetic effect detected in Central Italy

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mele ◽  
A. Meloni ◽  
P. Palangio
Keyword(s):  
Field Intensity ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Railway System ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Geomagnetic Intensity

Significant variations in the absolute value of the geomagnetic field intensity related to tectonic events, as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, have been observed in several cases. To detect such a tectonomagnetic effect related to seismic activity, a seismomagnetic network was installed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING) in the Abruzzi region (CentraI Italy), in July 1989. This area is being uplifting since the Pliocene. A logistic compromise between geophysical requirements and the electrified railway system tracks distribution led to the installation of five total magnetic field intensity data acquisition sites. From July 1989 to September 1992 geomagnetic intensity data were simultaneously recorded at all stations and compared to that recorded at the L'Aquila Observatory, located in the same area. A variation of about 10 nT in the absolute level of the geomagnetic field was measured at two stations located on the eastern side of the network. We suggest that the detected magnetic anomaly could resuIt from aseismic-changes in crustal stress during this time.

Differential Butylate Injury to Corn Hybrids

Weed Science ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Wright ◽  
C. E. Rieck
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Injury to corn (Zea maysL.) fromS-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate (butylate) was investigated with respect to hybrid. Field experiments in 1971 at Dillon and Clemson, South Carolina, established that the corn hybrid ‘Coker 71’ was more tolerant to butylate than ‘Pioneer 511A’. Also established as being tolerant and sensitive to butylate were the hybrids ‘Pioneer 3030’ and ‘PAG 644’, respectively. Laboratory studies with14C-butylate showed that the resistant hybrid ‘Pioneer 3030’ took up less14C-butylate and metabolized more to14CO2than did ‘PAG 644’.

scholarly journals Chromospheric Activity in F- and G-Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 469-471
Author(s):  
Dainis Dravins
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Stellar Surface ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Chromospheric Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Absolute

Chromospheric activity, as seen by the presence of a central K2 emission in the Ca II K λ 393.4 nm line, is studied in F- and G-stars of all luminosity classes. K2 equivalent widths have been measured and corresponding absolute K2 fluxes (power per unit area at the stellar surface) calculated. Large K2 equivalent widths and thus easily detectable chromospheres occur only for stars later than about F8 but the absolute level of K2 flux does not significantly change between F0 and K0; there is no break in chromospheric activity between F- and G-stars. The apparent break, cited in the past (e.g. Wilson, 1973) is illusory and due to the observational threshold being different for different spectral classes.

Does autonomic blockade reveal a potent contribution of nitric oxide to locomotion-induced vasodilation?

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. H726-H732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don D. Sheriff ◽  
Christopher D. Nelson ◽  
Ryan K. Sundermann
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
No Production ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Autonomic Blockade ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Ganglionic Transmission ◽  
Treadmill Locomotion

We sought to test the role of nitric oxide (NO) in governing skeletal muscle (iliac) vascular conductance during treadmill locomotion in dogs ( n = 6; 3.2 and 6.4 km/h at 0% grade, and 6.4 km/h at 10% grade). As seen previously, the increase in muscle vascular conductance accompanying treadmill locomotion was little influenced by NO synthase inhibition alone with N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 10 mg/kg iv), but the absolute value of conductance achieved during locomotion was reduced. Such ambiguous results provide an unclear picture regarding the importance of NO during locomotion. However, muscle vasodilation is normally restrained by the sympathetic system during locomotion. Thus a significant contribution by NO to the increase in vascular conductance that accompanies locomotion could be masked by partial withdrawal of the competing influence of sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity secondary to the rise in arterial pressure following systemicl-NAME administration. To test this possibility, we compared the rise in muscle vascular conductance before and afterl-NAME treatment while ganglionic transmission was blocked by hexamethonium. Under these conditions, l-NAME significantly reduced both the rise in vascular conductance (by 32%, P < 0.001) and the absolute level of vascular conductance (by 30%, P < 0.001) achieved during locomotion with no effect on blood flow. Thus augmented NO production normally provides a significant drive to relax vascular smooth muscle in active skeletal muscle during locomotion. Potential deficits stemming from the absence of NO following l-NAME treatment are masked by less intense sympathetic restraint when autonomic function is intact.

Vortex structure and dynamics in the near field of a coaxial jet

1992 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 371-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
WERNER J. A. Dahm ◽  
Clifford E. Frieler ◽  
Grétar Tryggvason
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Vortex Structures ◽  
Interaction Dynamics ◽  
Planar Laser ◽  
Velocity Jump ◽  
Mixing Patterns ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Vortex Patterns

We present results from an experimental and numerical investigation into the structure of vortex patterns and the dynamics of their interactions for the incompressible flow in the near field of a round coaxial jet issuing into a quiescent ambient fluid. A two-colour planar laser-induced-fluorescence technique is used to document the flow field via still photographs and ciné sequences over a limited range of parameters. We examine the effects of varying the velocity ratio as well as the absolute velocities of the two coaxial streams for equal densities and for a single area ratio. Results show that a variety of widely differing near-field vortex patterns can arise, with very different interaction dynamics, which can depend both on the velocity ratio and on the absolute velocities of the two streams. The observed vortex structures and their dynamics are interpreted in terms of the instability of the initially cylindrical and concentric vorticity layers separating each of the fluid streams, and their subsequent rollup to form wake-like or shear-layer-like vortices. Our results show that in addition to the velocity jump across each of these vorticity layers, an accounting of the layer thicknesses and the wake defect within each layer can be essential to understanding the resulting near-field structure that occurs. Ensuing dynamical interactions between the vortices formed from each layer can produce a strong coupling between the development of the two layers. These resulting vortex structures and interaction dynamics are also seen to produce widely differing mixing patterns in the jet near field.

Slack, Innovation, and Export Intensity: Implications for Small– and Medium–Sized Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea N. Kiss ◽  
Stephanie Fernhaber ◽  
Patricia P. McDougall–Covin
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Resource Slack ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Absolute

Despite the acknowledged importance of resources to small– and medium–sized enterprise (SME) internationalization, scholars have largely focused on the absolute level of resources rather than excess resources. Drawing on behavioral theory and literature on SME internationalization, we argue that SMEs intensify exports when pressured to find a way to survive at low levels of resource slack or when adequately prepared at high levels of slack. In contrast, moderate levels of slack result in a domestic focus by SMEs. We also suggest that for highly innovative SMEs, this pattern of effects changes. Analyses performed on a cross–country sample of 3,280 SMEs confirm our hypotheses.

Does the Brain "Remember" the Absolute Blood Pressure?

Physiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
PK Dorward ◽  
PI Korner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Good Information ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptors ◽  
Resting Blood Pressure ◽  
Baroreceptor Reflexes ◽  
Sustained Change ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Brain

A sustained change in resting blood pressure causes the threshold of arterial baroreceptors to shift rapidly, within 20-30 s, in the same direction. This greatly enhances the compensation for disturbances that cause small to moderate changes in blood pressure. A corollary of rapid resetting is ambiguity about the absolute level of blood pressure. Arterial baroreceptor reflexes are good at responding to changes in blood pressure, but they do not provide good information about absolute pressure.

scholarly journals Modelling and measurement of the absolute level of power radiated by antenna integrated THz UTC photodiodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 11793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Natrella ◽  
Chin-Pang Liu ◽  
Chris Graham ◽  
Frederic van Dijk ◽  
Huiyun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Level ◽  
The Absolute

Differential Tolerance of Corn (Zea mays) Inbreds to Four Sulfonylurea Herbicides and Bentazon

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Different Response

Nine corn inbreds were selected from a test on 250 inbreds based on distinctly different response to herbicides. These inbreds showed up to 50,000-fold differences, which varied by inbred and herbicide. Only the inbred GA209 was sensitive to bentazon and the four sulfonylurea herbicides. GA209 and B90 were the most sensitive inbreds to the sulfonylurea herbicides. F2R was generally the most tolerant inbred. The pattern of herbicide tolerance varied greatly. For example, the relative tolerance of F2 to thifensulfuron was 12-fold more than to rimsulfuron while Mo17 was 56-fold more tolerant to rimsulfuron than thifensulfuron. F2 was fivefold more tolerant of chlorsulfuron than chlorimuron, whereas B80 was 100-fold the reverse. These inbreds provide a small subset of varieties to evaluate the large and inherent differences in herbicide tolerance of corn.

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