Spotted Spurge (Euphorbia maculata) Interference with Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Weed Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad T. Bararpour ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert ◽  
Robert E. Frans
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Cotton Boll ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield

Field studies were conducted from 1988 through 1990 in Fayetteville, AR, to measure competitiveness of spotted spurge in cotton. Population levels were established by transplanting seedlings from other field areas. There was a positive linear relationship between cotton boll numbers and seed cotton yield. Percent reduction in cotton height, leaf area, dry weight, boll numbers, and seed cotton yield increased as spotted spurge densities increased. Seed cotton yield reduction was 47, 57, and 85% for spotted spurge densities of 5, 10, and 50 spotted spurge plants m–1of row.

Evaluation of Spring and Fall Burndown Application Timings on Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in No-Till Cotton

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas N. Owen ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
Cliford H. Koger ◽  
Christopher L. Main ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
No Till ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to evaluate fall applications of herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed before planting cotton. Fall treatments were compared with spring treatments for control of GR horseweed and effect on seed cotton yield. Fall and spring treatments with and without residual herbicides were also compared. No differences were observed for control of GR horseweed or seed cotton yield between fall and spring application timings. However, a difference was observed between fall applications with and without a residual herbicide. Fall applications that contained residual herbicides provided 86% control of GR horseweed and yielded 2,360 kg/ha of seed cotton. Fall applications that did not contain a residual herbicide only provided 70% control of GR horseweed and yielded 2,010 kg/ha of seed cotton. No benefit was observed from spring applications that contained a residual herbicide. This research indicates that glyphosate-resistant horseweed can be controlled with fall- or spring-applied burndown herbicides, and fall applications should include a residual herbicide for best results.

Growth Analysis of Cotton in Competition with Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Ma ◽  
Jinyan Yang ◽  
Hanwen Wu ◽  
Weili Jiang ◽  
Yajie Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
The Relationship

Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 to determine the influence of velvetleaf densities of 0, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants m−1of row on cotton growth and yield. The relationship between velvetleaf density and seed cotton yield was described by the hyperbolic decay regression model, which estimated that a density of 0.44 to 0.48 velvetleaf m−1of row would result in a seed cotton yield loss of 50%. Velvetleaf remained taller and thicker than cotton throughout the growing season. Both cotton height and stem diameter reduced with increasing velvetleaf density. Moreover, velvetleaf interference delayed cotton maturity, especially at velvetleaf densities of 1 to 8 plants m−1of row, and cotton boll number and weight, seed numbers per boll, and lint percentage were also reduced. Fiber quality was not influenced by weed density when analyzed over 2 yr; however, fiber length uniformity and micronaire were adversely affected in 2014. Velvetleaf intraspecific competition resulted in density-dependent effects on weed biomass, ranging from 97 to 204 g plant−1dry weight. Velvetleaf seed production per plant or per square meter was indicated by a logarithmic response. At a density of 1 plant m−1of cotton row, velvetleaf produced approximately 20,000 seeds m−2. The adverse impact of velvetleaf on cotton growth and development identified in this study have indicated the need for effective management of this species when the weed density is greater than 0.25 to 0.5 plant m−1of row and before the weed seed maturity.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Organic Compounds Stimulate Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) to Survive Late Sown Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 684-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman El Sabagh ◽  
Abdelhamid M. Omar ◽  
Mohamed El Menshawi ◽  
Samir El Okkiah
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Late Sowing

Abstract Application of organic compounds in cotton balances its vegetative and reproductive growth, as well as to improve the seed cotton yield and lint quality properties. Field experiments were conducted with some organic compounds to determine their effects on cotton yield and quality properties of cotton under two sowing times.The experiment was conducted at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Cotton Research Institute, Egypt in 2015 and 2016. In these studies, two sowing times viz. optimum and delay sowing and two levels (200 and 400 ppm) of organic compounds viz. ascorbic, ascobine and salicylic acids were used. The results indicated that the optimum sowing date gave the largest area of single leaf at 90 and 120 DAS, as well as it induced an increase in dry weight (g) of plant organs at 120 DAS, while, the late sowing significantly reduced the leaves dry weight both at 90 and 120 DAS. Both seed cotton yield and lint cotton yield (kentar feddan-1) were significantly increased in optimum sowing condition and sharply declined as delayed sowing date. The number of opened bolls plant-1 were also significantly reduced in late sowing. Lint percentage, seed index and seed cotton weight boll-1 were also significantly affected by sowing dates. Leaf pigment (total chlorophyll) was significantly affected by sowing date recorded at 90 and 120 DAS, while lower values of total chlorophyll was recorded in late sown plants. Also, sowing dates had no significant effect on both oil and protein seed content. This study has shown that timely sowing of cotton seed and foliar application of ascorbic acid, ascobine or salicylic acid with concentration of 200 or 400 ppm at flower initiation stage and peak of flowering stage had significant positive effects on seed cotton yield and lint quality properties. According to these results it can be suggested that usage of organic compounds to improve the yield and quality properties, especially in late sowing for ‘Giza 94' cotton cultivar at Kafr- Elsheikh district, Egypt.

Weed Management with Fomesafen Preemergence in Glyphosate-Resistant Cotton

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel O. Stephenson ◽  
Michael G. Patterson ◽  
Wilson H. Faircloth ◽  
James N. Lunsford
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Over The Top

Field studies were conducted in Alabama in 1998 and 1999 to evaluate fomesafen preemergence (PRE) in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Fomesafen (0.3 and 0.4 kg ai/ha), fluometuron (1.4 kg ai/ha), and pyrithiobac (0.05 kg ai/ha) were applied alone or in tank mixtures. Glyphosate (0.4 kg ae/ha) was applied postemergence over-the-top (POT) and postemergence directed (PD). Regardless of PRE treatment, POT followed by (fb) PD applications of glyphosate were necessary for greater than 82% sicklepod control at midseason. In the absence of glyphosate, fomesafen, and fomesafen-containing tank mixtures controlled common cocklebur andIpomoeaspecies 77 and 72%, respectively, 14 d after PD application. However, two applications of glyphosate were needed for >94% season-long control of common cocklebur andIpomoeaspecies because of continued germination throughout the growing season. Postemergence applications of glyphosate added a 1,000 kg/ha seed cotton yield increase to all PRE treatments at both locations. Common cocklebur,Ipomoeaspecies, and sicklepod control was not significantly increased by the addition of fomesafen PRE tank mixtures fb glyphosate postemergence as compared with glyphosate postemergence only.

Augmenting the Moth(Bactra verutana)in Field Plots for Early-Season Suppression of Purple Nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Frick ◽  
J. M. Chandler
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Larval Release ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Aboveground Growth

In six years of field studies, early-season releases of the native mothBactra verutanaZeller were evaluated as a biological control for purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.). Establishment from adult releases required at least 10 pairs of moths per release; establishment from larval release could be achieved with a single release of two or five newly-emerged larvae per shoot. When shoots averaged 4 or 7.5 cm high at the time of such releases, aboveground growth was reduced 32 to 62% after 30 days. Three to eight weekly releases of larvae reduced the topgrowth of nutsedge planted in rows of cotton(Gossypium hirsutumL. ‘Stoneville 213’) 30 to 68% 6 to 8 weeks after the last release. Weekly releases of about five larvae per shoot repeated three, four, or five times in 1976 and 1977 reduced nutsedge growth so that seed cotton yield equalled that of cotton in plots without nutsedge. MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) applied at the rate of 2.2 kg/ha 5 and 7 weeks after cotton emergence gave greater control of purple nutsedge topgrowth and a yield of seed cotton equal to that resulting from three to five larval releases of about five larvae per shoot beginning when purple nutsedge averaged 7.5 cm high. When MSMA was applied at 7.5 and 8.5 weeks after cotton emergence, the addition of two early-season releases of larvae were also necessary to achieve nutsedge control and seed cotton yield equal to that produced by three to five releases of larvae.

Cover Crops Suppression of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus G. Palhano ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Tom Barber
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Weed Emergence

AbstractWith the recent confirmation of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-resistant Palmer amaranth in the US South, concern is increasing about the sustainability of weed management in cotton production systems. Cover crops can help to alleviate this problem, as they can suppress weed emergence via allelochemicals and/or a physical residue barrier. Field experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015 at the Arkansas Agricultural Research and Extension Center to evaluate various cover crops for suppressing weed emergence and protecting cotton yield. In both years, cereal rye and wheat had the highest biomass production, whereas the amount of biomass present in spring did not differ among the remaining cover crops. All cover crops initially diminished Palmer amaranth emergence. However, cereal rye provided the greatest suppression, with 83% less emergence than in no cover crop plots. Physical suppression of Palmer amaranth and other weeds with cereal residues is probably the greatest contributor to reducing weed emergence. Seed cotton yield in the legume and rapeseed cover crop plots were similar when compared with the no cover crop treatment. The seed cotton yield collected from cereal cover crop plots was lower than from other treatments due to decreased cotton stand.

scholarly journals Gene Action Studies in the Inheritance of Yield and Quality Attributing Traits in Diallel Cross of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
V. J. Zapadiya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Genetic Components

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the 45 F1 hybrids derived from 10×10 half diallel fashion along with ten parents and one standard check GN.Cot.Hy-14 were sown in randomized block design with three replications during kharif -2017 at Cotton Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. The genetic components of variation were determined for 12 characters viz., days to 50% flowering, days to 50% boll opening, plant height (cm), number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), seed cotton yield per plant (g), ginning percentage (%), seed index (g), lint index (g) and oil percentage (%).The estimate of the components of variation revealed significant results for both additive (D) as well as dominance effects (H1 and H2) for all the characters except plant height non-significant H2 component, but in majority of traits (except plant height, lint index) H1 was higher than D indicating dominance components were important in the inheritance of seed cotton yield and its components. The average degree of dominance (H1/D)1/2 was found to be more than unity for all the traits (except plant height, number of monopodia per plant and lint index indicating partial dominance) indicating over dominance. Asymmetrical distribution of positive and negative genes in the parents was observed for all the traits. High estimates of heritability in narrow sense was observed for days to 50% flowering, days to 50 % boll bursting, number of monopodia per plant, ginning percentage (%), lint index (g) and oil content (%) suggesting that selection based on these attribute would lead to rapid improvement. Due to preponderance of non-additive gene effects of seed cotton yield per plant and most of its component traits, heterosis breeding would also be practically feasible in cotton.

scholarly journals Genetics of Inheritance and Interrelationship of Various Agronomic Traits of F2 Population in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Bilal Nawaz ◽  
Saira Sattar ◽  
Bilal Bashir ◽  
Muhammad Jamshaid ◽  
Khadim Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Boll Weight ◽  
Beak Size

Background: Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is grown in more than sixty countries worldwide. It is an important fiber crop in the world. It plays a vital role in our national economy being the source of earning of foreign exchange, therefore, it is considered to be the backbone of the economy of Pakistan. In Pakistan, millions of families are associated with cotton and textile industry for their livelihood.  Results: In this experiment F2 population of the cross L. A. Frego Bract x CIM-600 and their parents was sown in randomized complete block design with three replications during normal growing season of the year 2014 to sort out best performing genotypes for yield related traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that parental and their F2 population showed significant differences for all the observed agronomic traits (plant height, number of monopodia branches, number of sympodial branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, ginning out turn, bract type, boll shape, beak size, seed cotton yield, staple length, fiber strength and fiber fineness). Estimation of correlation revealed that seed cotton yield was found positively correlated sympodial branches, fiber fineness and boll weight while ginning out turn, bract type, beak size, staple length and fiber strength were negatively associated with seed cotton yield. Epistasis was not found to be involved in any of the traits. Conclusion:  The correlation and genetics study of various yield related traits provides us useful information for effective selection and sustainable breeding programs. Estimation of broad sense heritability ( ) in F2 populations for different traits vary as following order; ginning out turn>plant height>seed cotton yield>sympodia branches>fiber length>fiber strength>bolls per plant>monopodia branches>boll weight>fiber fineness with heritability 0.90, 0.79, 0.78, 0.75, 0.73, 0.71 0.67, 0.64, 0.63 and 0.50 respectively. Results suggested form heritability and correlation that these traits can be improved either through appropriate selection method or hybrid breeding programme.

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