Influence of the Relative Time of Emergence of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) on Yield Loss of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
E. Ann De St. Remy ◽  
P. Ashely O'Sullivan ◽  
Don A. Dew ◽  
Arvind K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Relative Time

Multiple regression analysis of data from field experiments conducted in Alberta at two locations between 1972 and 1983 indicated that there was a significant relationship between yield loss of barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) and relative time of emergence of wild oat (Avena fatuaL. ♯ AVEFA). At a given wild oat density, percent yield loss increased the earlier wild oat emerged relative to the crops and gradually diminished the later it emerged. However, the magnitude of the yield loss for both species varied with the year. Regression equations based on data pooled over years and locations were developed to provide an estimate of yield loss of barley and wheat due to relative time of wild oat emergence and wild oat density. The information should be considered when barley and wheat losses due to wild oat are being assessed.

Competition of Wild Oat in Wheat and Barley

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyn R. Bell ◽  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Percent Protein

Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) competition increased the losses in yield of both wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with increased densities of seedlings. At Fargo in 1965, wild oat densities of 70 and 160 seedlings/sq yd reduced the wheat yield 22.1% and 39.1%, respectively, compared to the wild oat-free check. Similar wild oat densities reduced the barley yield 6.5% and 25.9%, respectively. The addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer reduced the yield loss caused by wild oat 2 out of 3 years of the experiment. Although a considerable yield reduction occurred in barley and wheat, percent protein and seed size were not influenced noticeably.

Selectivity of Dichlofop Methyl Among Wheat, Barley, Wild Oat (Arena fatua) and Green Foxtail (Setaria viridis)

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Todd ◽  
E.H. Stobbe
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Species Sensitivity ◽  
Methyl Propionate ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

The selectivity of {2-[4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy] methyl propionate}, (hereinafter referred to as dichlofop methyl), among wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Neepawa’), barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Bonanza’), wild oat (Avena fatuaL.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis(L.) Beauv.) was investigated. On an ED50basis, barley, wild oat, and green foxtail were 2, 190, and 1,090 times more sensitive, respectively, to foliar-applied dichlofop methyl at the two-leaf stage than was wheat. Selectivity decreased with increasing maturity of the plant material with the ratio of selectivity between barley and wild oat decreasing from 55 at the two-leaf stage to three at the four-leaf-plus-one-tiller stage. Greater spray retention and more rapid penetration of dichlofop methyl partially explained the susceptibility of green foxtail, but did not explain selectivity between wheat, wild oat, and barley. Root uptake of14C-dichlofop methyl by the four species was proportional to the amount of solution absorbed during the treatment period and to the concentration of dichlofop methyl in the treatment solution but was not related to species sensitivity to this herbicide.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) with Reduced Rates of Postemergence Herbicides

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Spandl ◽  
Beverly R. Durgan ◽  
Douglas W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Rates and application timings of postemergence herbicides for wild oat control in spring wheat and barley were evaluated at Crookston, MN, from 1994 to 1996. Diclofop, imazamethabenz, and fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron were applied to one- to three-leaf wild oat; and difenzoquat, imazamethabenz, fenoxaprop plus MCPA plus thifensulfuron plus tribenuron, and fenoxaprop plus 2,4-D plus MCPA were applied to four- to five-leaf wild oat at 1/2 ×, 3/4 ×, and 1 × rates. Wild oat response to herbicide rate and timing was similar in wheat and barley. Wild oat control with 1/2 × rates generally was less than that with 3/4 × rates, which was lower than or similar to that with 1 × rates. Wild oat biomass was often reduced less with 1/2 × rates than 1 × rates. However, reducing herbicide rates generally did not influence grain yields or net economic return. Grain yields and net economic return were generally greater in herbicide-treated plots than in the nontreated control.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control by Flufenprop-methyl

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Miller ◽  
J. D. Nalewaja ◽  
W. A. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Barley Cultivars

Postemergence applications of flufenprop-methyl [methyl-N-benzoyl-N(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-amino-propionate] for wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) control in spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), durum wheat (Triticum durumL.), and barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) were evaluated in the field, greenhouse, and controlled environmental chambers. Wild oat control with flufenprop-methyl was greater at the five-leaf stage than three and one-half or two-leaf stage of growth. Wild oat control was not reduced when flufenprop-methyl was tank-mixed with bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4) 3H-one, 2,2-dioxide]. Tolerance of spring and durum wheat cultivars to flufenprop-methyl was acceptable; however, tolerance of barley cultivars was considerably more variable. Air temperature after treatment, soil fertility, and moisture did not influence wild oat control with flufenprop-methyl; however, a simulated rainfall of 1 mm within 1/2 h or 4 mm within 4 h after application reduced wild oat control.

Effect of imazamethabenz on green foxtail, tartary buckwheat and wild oat at different growth stages

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Harker ◽  
P. A. O'Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted at the Lacombe Research Station to determine the influence of growth stage on the control of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum (L.) Gaertn.) with imazamethabenz in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In greenhouse experiments, the effct of imazamethabenz on canola (Brassica campestris L.) or green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.) at two growth stages was also studied. Canola and wild oat were highly susceptible, Tartary buckwheat was somewhat less susceptible, and green foxtail was rather tolerant to imazamethabenz. Imazamethabenz was much more effective on early growth stages of wild oat (2 leaf) and Tartary buckwheat (1–2 leaf), whereas the control of canola and the suppression of green foxtail was much less dependent on growth stage. Linear regression equations were developed to describe the response of the above species to the imazamethabenz treatments. Key words: AC 222, 293; phenology; regression; Setaria viridis; Fagopyrum tartaricum; Avena fatua

Factors of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Interference on Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Growth and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don W. Morishita ◽  
Donald C. Thill
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Critical Duration ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Boot Stage

Field experiments were conducted in 1983 and 1984 to measure the interference of wild oat (Avena fatuaL. # AVEFA) removed at various stages of development (two to three leaves, two to three tillers, two nodes, and heading), plus treatments with wild oat not removed, and wild oat-free stands on the growth and yield of spring barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Advance’). The final plant density of barley and wild oat was 160 and 170 plants/m2, respectively. Based on aboveground barley biomass and yield, the critical duration of wild oat interference began about the two-node stage and continued until maturity of the barley. Wild oat interference reduced barley biomass, the number of tiller heads/plant, tiller heads/unit area, and tiller grain yield, but not the number or grain yield of the main-stem heads. Wild oat did not affect the soil matric potential or the barley total plant and soil nitrogen contents. However, wild oat did reduce total water and turgor potential in barley at the boot stage of growth, which may have affected tiller head formation.

Wild Mustard (Brassica kaber) and Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Interference in Sugarbeets (Beta vulgarisL.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelouhab Mesbah ◽  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
K. James Fornstrom ◽  
David E. Legg
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Two furrow irrigated field experiments were conducted for two years at the Research and Extension Center, Powell, WY to determine the influence of various mixed densities and durations of wild oat and wild mustard interference in sugarbeet. Sugarbeet root yields were reduced by competition from all examined densities of wild oat and wild mustard, alone and in combination. Root yield reduction was less than additive with mixed densities of wild oat and wild mustard. Root yields decreased as the duration of interference after sugarbeet emergence from a mixed density of wild oat and wild mustard increased. Sucrose content of sugarbeet was not altered by competition. Based on regression analysis, the minimum time that a mixed density of 0.8 wild mustard and 1 wild oat/m of row can interfere with sugarbeet before causing an economic root yield loss was approximately 1.6 weeks after sugarbeet emergence.

Uptake and Translocation of Diallate in Wheat, Barley, Flax, and Wild Oat

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Per Se

Uptake and translocation of 14C label from S-2,3-dichloroallyl N,N-diisopropylthiolcarbamate (diallate) by roots and coleoptiles of wild oat (Avena fatua L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Selkirk), barley (Hordeum vulgare L., var. Traill), and flax (Linum usitatissimum L., var. Bolley) were compared. The pattern of 14C label uptake and movement was similar in wild oat, barley, and wheat. However, translocation of the 14C label to the roots of wild oat was less than for barley. Although differential uptake and translocation per se did not appear to account for the selectivity of diallate for wild oat, some differences in translocation may have beep the result of metabolic breakdown products.

Temperature Effect on Difenzoquat Phytotoxicity

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Miller ◽  
John D. Nalewaja ◽  
Adam Dobranski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Temperature Environment

The phytotoxicity of difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazolium) applied to the three-leaf stages of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Waldron’ and ‘Era’), barley (Hordeum vulgareL. ‘Beacon’) and wild oat (Avena fatuaL. ♯ AVEFA) grown under constant, fluctuating, or alternating day-night temperatures was determined in controlled environment chambers. Difenzoquat injury to wild oat and Era wheat was greater at a constant 20 or 30 than at 10 C; however, injury to Waldron wheat was similar at 10, 20, and 30 C. Difenzoquat caused only slight injury to barley, and injury was similar at all temperatures. In Era wheat, selectivity of difenzoquat for wild oat was maximum with a 10-C night temperature in an otherwise 30-C-temperature environment; in Beacon barley selectivity was maximum with 3 or more days of 20- or 30-C posttreatment temperature; and in Waldron wheat selectivity was not adequate at any of the temperatures studied.

Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Control with Fall- and Spring-Applied Triallate

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Miller ◽  
J. D. Nalewaja
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Liquid Formulation ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Wheat Stubble

Two formulations of triallate [S-(2, 3, 3-trichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate] were evaluated for their effectiveness in controlling wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) in spring wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) in 12 field experiments conducted between 1967 and 1978. Control of wild oat was greater with fall applications of triallate granules than liquid or with spring applications of either liquid or granules. Further-more, 1.1 kg/ha of triallate granules applied in the fall controlled wild oat as well as did 1.7 kg/ha of liquid triallate applied in the fall. Wild oat control with triallate was usually better when soil incorporated than when surface applied regardless of formulation or time of application. Triallate granules controlled wild oat similarly on either plowed ground or wheat stubble; whereas, liquid triallate controlled wild oat better on plowed ground than wheat stubble. A delay of 8 h in triallate incorporation did not reduce wild oat control with either formulation; however, a delay of 24 h reduced wild oat control with the liquid formulation.

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