Political Change and Political Research in Africa; Agenda for the 1990s

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Edmond J. Keller

The decade between 1963 and 1973 was heralded by some observers as liberal democracy’s darkest hour in many parts of the non-Western world. During this period seven Latin American democracies collapsed; one African country after the other rejected multi-party liberal democracy in favor of either single-party or military regimes; Soviet hegemony prevailed and seemed to be growing stronger in communist Eastern Europe and parts of the Third World; and pockets of authoritarianism could even be found in Southern Europe (e. g., Spain, Portugal, Greece). Such developments led scholars to concentrate their research efforts on trying to understand why democracy had failed to either take hold or to survive in those places where it had been successfully introduced.

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cammack

It is doubtful as to whether the countries of the Third World are likely to move to the kind of liberal democracy that is regarded as characteristic of the West. In particular, parties are often remaining ‘parties of the State’ and not organizations truly competing with each other. This is in part a consequence of economic globalization, as the requirements of global economic liberalization do not fit with the requirements of democracy. In such a context, clientelism around the State may be inevitable and it contributes to ensuring that the main party in the country, and indeed all parties become ‘parties of the State’, as is the case in Mexico or Malaysia and perhaps in the Ukraine and South Africa. Thus, globalization does not mean the end of the State, but possibly the end of liberal democracy.


1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-272
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Thompson

I propose to examine the relationship of American democracy to the Third World along two planes of reality, one briefly sketched in outline and miniature, the other drawn with greater elaboration and substance. The brief sketch sums up all that follows; it draws on America's great leader, Abraham Lincoln, who prophetically defined the issues that faced both the young American republic and today's fledgling nations by asking the question:Must a government of necessity be too strong for the liberties of its people, or too weak to maintain its own existence?


1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM H. MEYER

This article seeks to test certain hypotheses drawn from structural communications theory, hypotheses that tend to support the call for a New World Information Order (NWIO). Structural theorists such as Johan Galtung and NWIO advocates from the Third World have charged that developing nations are dependent upon the West for international news. News dependency, in turn, is said to lead to the adoption of Western news values and subsequent cultural imperialism in the South. Finally, news dependency is said to be neocolonial in the sense that information flows through “vertical” channels (from North to South) and within distinct spheres of communication hegemony. These claims are tested with a news flow study drawn from African and Latin American dailies. Results of the empirical tests show that the Third World is dependent on Western agencies for the bulk of its international news, and that Third World newspapers reflect the news values of Western prestige dailies. Nonaligned newswires, however, are shown to be more resistant to journalistic westernization, as their coverage is markedly different from that of the Western wire services. Finally, news flow patterns do exhibit a pronounced neoimperial character. Agencies from the United States, Great Britain, and France each hold sway over their own regional domains within the Third World.


Author(s):  
H. C. F. Mansilla

ResumenBasado en elementos de la filosofía clásica, el common sense británico y la Escuela de Frankfurt, el autor postula un sentido común guiado críticamente, que serviría para evaluar las tendencias históricas y los modelos de modernización en el Tercer Mundo. Evitando extremos, este teorema rechazaría tanto las pretensiones de verdad de muchos enfoques racionalistas como el relativismo epistemológico y ético. La existencia de leyes y etapas obligatorias de la historia es uno de esos extremos; otro es la opción teórica que afirma que los modelos culturales son incomparables e inconmensurables entre sí. La existencia de un solo paradigma normativo-positivo de desarrollo es insostenible, pero igualmente la posición que decreta la diversidad e incomparabilidad totales de los regímenes civilizatorios. Es conveniente adoptar una línea intermedia entre universalismo y particularismo y alcanzar una síntesis fructífera de ambos.Palabras claveEscuela de Frankfurt, Habermas, Kant, particularismo, sentido común, universalismoAbstractBased on elements of classical philosophy, the British common sense and the Frankfurt School, the author proposes a critically guided common sense, which could be used to evaluate historical tendencies and specially the modernization efforts in the Third World. Avoiding extremes, this theorem rejects the pretensions of truth of rationalist theories and also the epistemic and ethic relativism. The existence of obligatory laws and periods of historical development is one of these extremes; the other one is the position which states that cultural models are incomparable and immeasurable. It is reasonable, for instance, to take a middle way between universalism and particularism and also to reach a fruitful synthesis between both currents.KeywordsCommon sense, Frankfurt School, Habermas, Kant, particularism, universalism


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (41) ◽  
pp. 331-349
Author(s):  
Luiza Mader Paladino

A filósofa Otília Arantes nomeou O ponto de vista latino-americano o corpus crítico de Mário Pedrosa produzido após o desterro chileno, durante o governo de Salvador Allende (1970-1973). Nesse conjunto de textos, observa-se a recuperação de tradições que não haviam sido capturadas pela historiografia oficial, como as práticas e os saberes oriundos da cultura popular e indígena. Essa interpretação pode ser identificada em obras como Discurso aos Tupiniquins ou Nambás e Teses para o Terceiro Mundo, nas quais o crítico se amparou em um repertório terceiro-mundista partilhado no exílio. O autor exaltou uma leitura ancorada na inversão geopolítica, a qual localizou nos países situados ao sul uma fagulha revolucionária capaz de deflagrar a almejada transformação social e econômica. Essas obras-manifesto sintetizaram praticamente todo o discurso crítico, político e museológico que Pedrosa sustentou ao voltar para o Brasil, em 1977.Palavras-chave: Exílio; Terceiro Mundo; Arte latino-americana; Mário Pedrosa; Arte popular. AbstractThe philosopher Otília Arantes named The critical corpus of Mário Pedrosa produced after the Chilean exile during the Salvador Allende government (1970-1973) from The Latin American Spot. In this set of texts, there is a recovery of traditions that had not been captured by official historiography, such as the practices and knowledge derived from popular and indigenous culture. This interpretation can be identified in works such as Speech to the Tupiniquins or Nambás and Theses for the Third World, in which the critic relied on a shared Third World repertoire in exile. The critic praised a reading anchored in the geopolitical inversion, which located in the countries located to the south a revolutionary spark capable of triggering the desired social and economic transformation. These manifesto works synthesized practically all the critical, political and museological discourse that the author sustained when he returned to Brazil in 1977.Keywords: Exile; Third world; Latin American art; Mário Pedrosa; Popular art.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir REMLI ◽  
Djouama MOHAMED ◽  
Benselhoub AISSA ◽  
Rachid KHEBBAB ◽  
Nacereddine FELLOUH

The consumption of electric energy in open pit mines or quarries maybe can achieve the consumption of all inhabitants of a city which it is according to their size and production of ore. in the other hand, View that the demand crescent of energy electric in the world, the limits of energetic resources in the third world, the increase of prizes operation and the maintenance of classic energy, the environmental consequences of classic energy and the benefic for using the autonomy system for production of electricity incites for searching the other sources responds the demands, To do this, we propose in this work a system equipped by generator for the creation of electrical energy resulting from the traffic of trucks in open pit mines whom situated in mountainous reliefs as knows a new kind of gravitricity.


2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan Draenos

Andreas Papandreou’s exile politics, following his December 1967 release from Averoff Prison, have stereotypically been seen as simply adopting the neo-Marxist ideologies associated with the Third World national liberation movements of the era. In narrating the initial evolution of his views on the “Greek Question” in exile, this study attempts to surface the underlying dynamics responsible for radicalizing his politics in that direction. Those dynamics reflect, on the one hand, the relentless will-to-action informing Papandreou’s political persona and, on the other, the political upheavals, headlined by the protest movement against the US war in Vietnam, in which his politics were enmeshed.


2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-213

Kris James Mitchener of Santa Clara University and NBER reviews “Trade and Poverty: When the Third World Fell Behind” by Jeffrey G. Williamson. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins: Explores the great divergence between the third world and the postindustrial West in terms of long-standing differences in trade, commodity specialization, and poverty. Discusses when the third world fell behind; the first global century up to 1913; the biggest third world terms of trade boom ever; the economics of third world growth engines and Dutch diseases; measuring third world deindustrialization and Dutch disease; an Asian deindustrialization illustration--an Indian paradox; a Middle East deindustrialization illustration--Ottoman problems; a Latin American deindustrialization illustration--Mexican exceptionalism; whether rising third world inequality during the trade boom mattered; export price volatility--another drag on third world growth; the globalization and great divergence connection; better late than never--the spread of industrialization to the poor periphery; policy response--what they did and what they should have done; and morals of the story. Williamson is Laird Bell Professor of Economics Emeritus at Harvard University and Honorary Fellow in the Department of Economics at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Index.


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