Is Zimbabwe Poised on a Liberal Path? The State and Prospects of the Parties

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Masipula Sithole
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Liberation Movement

Lamenting the proliferation of factionalism in the Zimbabwe liberation movement during the 1970s, an observer once commented, “If you were to put two Zimbabweans on the moon and visited them the next day, you would find that they have formed three parties.” This observation was a criticism of splits and divisions that tended, some believed, to weaken the liberation movement.

South Africa: Prophetic Christianity and the Liberation Movement

1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Walshe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
The State ◽  
Christian Identity ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Church Affiliation ◽  
Biblical Values

The struggle against racial discrimination in South Africa, as many have argued, is theological as well as political. This is so, in the words of Ben Marais, because ‘Apartheid erodes the very basis of humanity’. It is also because the great majority of South Africans have some Christian identity and church affiliation, yet their faith commitments are heavily conditioned by class interests and particular ideologies. Consequently, prophetic Christianity, in relating biblical values to the analysis of society and the search for justice, has divided Christian communities by confronting the established churches as well as the state.

scholarly journals Plutarch and the Law of Reflection: Critical and Literary Commentary to De facie 930A-C

Ploutarchos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Luisa Lesage-Gárriga
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Technical Language ◽  
Ideal Image ◽  
The Law

In 930A-C, Plutarch introduces and immediately rejects the law of reflection because, in his view, the theory is not self-evident nor unanimously accepted. To reinforce this rejection, he provides two examples taken from the field of catoptrics: 1) the images resulting from convex mirrors and 2) those resulting from folding mirrors. Up until now, the slightly corrupted state of the transmitted text and the technical language of the theory and the examples discussed in the passage have prevented scholars from reaching a sound interpretation of the passage. In this paper, I will first address the issues concerning the state of the text, in order to later discuss its problematic content, to wit, whether Plutarch’s rejection of the theory that all reflections occur in equal angles was meant to be taken seriously, as resulting from a confrontation between this theory’s assumptions and reality, or was due to his interest in conveying an ideal image of the moon, a specific interest that could not fit with this theory’s statements.

scholarly journals Ambiguities of Radicalism After Insurgents Become Rulers: Conflicting Pressures on Revolutionary State Power in Western Sahara’s Liberation Movement

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Wilson
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
State Building ◽  
The State ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Post War ◽  
Radical Ideas

AbstractArmed insurgents seeking to seize the state often aim to transform the nature of state power. Yet for insurgents who become ruling authorities, how do radical visions of state power influence governance after the urgency of war? This article examines state-building in the liberation movement for Western Sahara, a partially recognized state which has ruled an exiled civilian Sahrawi population in Algeria from wartime through to a prolonged ceasefire. Drawing on in-depth qualitative fieldwork, and engaging with theories of radicalism, post-war sociopolitical reconstruction and anomalous forms of state power, the article traces how post-ceasefire international and domestic contexts created conflicting pressures and opportunities for both the moderation, and the continuation, of Sahrawi refugees’ wartime radical governance. This case of insurgents-turned-rulers suggests how radicalism and moderation are overlapping processes, how moderation is not necessarily an ‘undoing’ of radicalism, and how radical ideas matter for leadership and grassroots militants in different ways.

Women’s Rights

2020 ◽  
pp. 314-324
Author(s):  
Françoise Vergès
Keyword(s):  
Women Of Color ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Male ◽  
The State ◽  
Aime Cesaire ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Poor Women ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Overseas Territories ◽  
Feminist Movements

In 1971, French white male doctors were found not-guilty of having practiced thousands of abortions and sterilizations without consent upon poor women of color in Reunion Island, a French overseas territory. I analyze why, though it was still a crime severely punished in France, abortion was encouraged by the State in a French ‘postcolony’ and why the French Women’s Liberation Movement, despite being aware of the scandal, never confronted the dual politics of the State nor sought to understand what it meant for their struggle for rights. I see in this blindness the legacy of an indifference connected to what Aimé Césaire called the ‘shock in return’ of slavery and colonialism onto Europe, which has shaped even progressive movements such as feminism. I conclude that ‘the situation of poor and non-white women in overseas territories was ignored because it did not fit the narrative of a universal patriarchy that treated women in a similar way despite their race, ethnicity, age, ability, sexuality and class. The struggles of overseas feminist movements were also ignored because they did not fit the narrative of European women’s struggle for emancipation: they insisted too much on colonialism and anti-racism’.

Continuation of Developmentalism across Administrations

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
Hyeong-ki Kwon
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
Korean State

In the 2010s, Korea continued its state-led developmentalism, including the Special Law for Parts and Materials and the New Growth Engine Promotion policy, across ideologically different governments. Korea’s state-led developmentalism was mainly realized through competitive politics within as well as outside the state, rather than by simple repetition of a developmental mindset or old institutional legacy. By exploring the industrial politics of three administrations—Roh Moo-hyun (2003–07), Lee Myung-bak (2008–12), and Park Geun-hye (2013–17), as well as the Moon administration (2017–present)—this chapter examines how the Korean state continued its developmentalism across ideologically different administrations. This chapter first studies why the Roh Moo-hyun administration continued with state-led developmentalism, rather than pursue the economic democratization proposed by the original supporters of Roh Moo-hyun. Then, it examines how Korean state-led developmentalism continues across ideologically different governments by focusing on competition and conflicts within the state.

A Nation-in-Arms: State, Nation, and Militarism in Israel's First Years

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Ben-Eliezer
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
The State ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
National Liberation Movement

Like many other states, Israel was forged through the struggle of a national liberation movement that likely drew inspiration from an ethnic past and that certainly worked to establish a political framework. Once the state existed, however, its leaders did not regard theethnieas an objective category that would in large measure determine whether a nation would emerge. Instead, they viewed the ethnie as a subject susceptible, in varying degrees, to manipulation, invention, domination, and mobilization. As the prime minister of Piedmont said, “We have made Italy, now we have to make Italians”; or as Israel's first prime minister, Ben-Gurion, put it in April 1951 during the election campaign: “I see in these elections the shaping of a nation for the state because there is a state but not a nation.”

Several Documents from the Fund of Cultural and Education Society “Trakiya” – Topolovgrad, Connected with the Thracian Bulgarians National Liberation Movement

Epohi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Ivanov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Education Society ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
National Liberation Movement

The current publication presents five documents from the archive of the Cultural and education society “Trakiya” – Topolovgrad, preserved in the State Archive – Yambol (Fund 889 – Cultural and education society “Trakiya” – Topolovgrad), with some additional information about the national liberation movement of the Thracian Bulgarians in the early 20th century. The published documents contain evidence for the revolutionary activities of some IMARO leaders – Hristo Arnaudov, Apostol Dogramadjiev, Boyko Chavdarov and Dimitar Madjarov.

“Something Intended, Complete”: Major Work on Yeats Past, Present, and Yet to Come

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne K. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Plenary Lecture ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
To Come ◽  
Phases Of The Moon

This piece is based on a plenary lecture on the situation in Yeats scholarship delivered in 2013, updated to survey the “state of Yeats” at the sesquicentennial of his birth in 2015. It then shows how work in progress on W. B. Yeats’s Robartes-Aherne Writings recently led to an unexpected discovery of an unknown precursor to “The Phases of the Moon”—one in which Yeats followed the example of Walter Savage Landor by putting himself into an “imaginary conversation” with Aherne. Aherne is one of two creatures from his fiction of the 1890s resurrected in 1918 as spokesmen for the mystical philosophy he had begun to assemble, with his wife as medium, for A Vision (1925, 1937). As “The Phases of the Moon” figures large as an introductory movement to both editions of that book, this essay prefaces the others in this volume.

Lunar orbital theory

1977 ◽  
Vol 284 (1326) ◽  
pp. 565-571 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Integration ◽  
Gravitational Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Analytical Theory ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Orbital Theory ◽  
Lunar Laser Ranging ◽  
Lunar Laser ◽  
Better Than

The present and expected accuracies of lunar laser ranging imply that the gravitational theory of the motion of the Moon should be consistent with at least the same precision. It is therefore necessary to aim at internal relative consistencies better than 10 -11 or 10 -12 . Several theories based on numerical integration have been built and are currently being used in reducing the lunar laser ranging data. However, literal or semi-literal analytical theories have several im portant advantages over purely numerical ephemerides. This is why important programmes of building such theories are now in progress, particularly in the U. S. A. and in France. Characteristics and the state of advancement of these theories will be reviewed and the possibility of constructing an analytical theory with the above mentioned accuracy discussed.

scholarly journals XXX. Of the geographical situation of the Three Presidencies, Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay, in the East Indies

1822 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 408-430
Keyword(s):  
Small Error ◽  
The State ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Satellites Of Jupiter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Difference ◽  
Distant Part

In the present advanced state of knowledge it may be useless to dwell upon the importance to navigation, as well as to general geography, of correct information relative to the latitudes and longitudes of the principal places on the surface of our globe. The ease with which the situation of a place on the meridian is obtained, for general purposes, is well known, and the comparative difficulty of ascertaining the distance, east or west, from a given meridian is equally so, particularly where that meridian is a quarter of the globe distant, which is the case as relates to India. Having, however, one point correctly determined, the situations of others, at moderate distances from it, may be come at with greater facility; either by chronometers, by correspondent observations, or, where places are on the same continent, by actual survey. One of the best methods of determining the position of a point, thus distant from the first meridian, is by eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter. Correspondent observations of eclipses of the sun, of the moon, or of occultations, happen but seldom, and the method by the moon's transit requires, that the position of that luminary should be correctly set down in the Tables; or, in the case of correspondent transits, that the instruments at both places should be most accurately placed in the meridian, and the transits taken with the least possible error of observation; as only a very small error in the Tables, or in the observed place of the moon, may produce a considerable one in the result. But eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter occur often, and correspondent ones with those taken at Greenwich, are not very unfrequent, even in this distant part of the globe. The observations taken at Greenwich also show the difference or error of the Tables, and consequently, the error of the longitude deduced from them. Errors also which may arise from a difference in the powers of the telescopes, and in the eyes of observers, as well as from a general difference in the state of the atmosphere, may be counterbalanced by taking a series of these eclipses, consisting of immersions as well as emersions.

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