Continuation of Developmentalism across Administrations

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
Hyeong-ki Kwon
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
Korean State

In the 2010s, Korea continued its state-led developmentalism, including the Special Law for Parts and Materials and the New Growth Engine Promotion policy, across ideologically different governments. Korea’s state-led developmentalism was mainly realized through competitive politics within as well as outside the state, rather than by simple repetition of a developmental mindset or old institutional legacy. By exploring the industrial politics of three administrations—Roh Moo-hyun (2003–07), Lee Myung-bak (2008–12), and Park Geun-hye (2013–17), as well as the Moon administration (2017–present)—this chapter examines how the Korean state continued its developmentalism across ideologically different administrations. This chapter first studies why the Roh Moo-hyun administration continued with state-led developmentalism, rather than pursue the economic democratization proposed by the original supporters of Roh Moo-hyun. Then, it examines how Korean state-led developmentalism continues across ideologically different governments by focusing on competition and conflicts within the state.

Enterprising State and Entrepreneurial Self

Homing ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon O. Jo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Economic Mobility ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Entrepreneurial Strategies ◽  
Korean State ◽  
And Shifts

I trace how conceptions of citizenship have transformed in post-1990 South Korea, focusing on the major formations of and shifts in Korean citizenship, as well as on the evolution of nationality laws concerning diaspora Koreans. I also examine legacy migrants’ perspectives on citizenship and legal belonging. The process of citizen-making, which unfolds through the dynamics between an “enterprising” South Korean state and the “entrepreneurial” strategies incorporated by the legacy migrants in this study, largely rests on the interplay between emotionally charged ethnic nationalism and economic mobility driven by neoliberal global capitalism, both of which in turn have rearticulated and reconfigured the borders of South Korean citizenship and belonging. As a result, various forms of conditional and contingent citizenship—statuses that are neither fully admitted by the state nor fully committed to by returnees—have been produced.

Asian Financial Crisis and Transformation of Korean Capitalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-146
Author(s):  
Hyeong-ki Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
Knowledge Intensive ◽  
Korean State ◽  
Venture Firms

This chapter examines how the Korean state could continue its state-led developmentalism even when state interventionism was pointed out as a main culprit for the economic crisis of 1997. The 1997 Asian financial crisis prompted serious reflection upon the problems of Korea’s input-oriented developmentalism, as well as the ineffectiveness of state intervention. However, to solve the economic crisis of 1997, Korea did not abandon state-led developmentalism, but developed another version of state-led developmentalism, emphasizing the promotion of strategic hi-tech venture firms and SME parts industries. This chapter first examines the competing diagnoses and solutions to the economic crisis of 1997, and then explores how, through politics between the state and large corporations, the existing volume-oriented expansionism changed toward a knowledge-intensive strategy. Finally, this chapter examines how competition among economic ministries, including the Ministry of Industry (MoI) and the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC), drove the evolution of Korean industrial policy.

THE STATE EMPLOYMENT REGULATION MECHANISMS

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Наталья Белохвостова ◽  
Natalya Belokhvostova
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
State Involvement ◽  
State Employment ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Sound Management

The work defines goals and objectives of state employment policy at the present stage of economic development characterized by crisis phenomena. The author presents main types of state employment policy and identifies main characteristics and the content of active, passive and moderately passive policy types. The author also carries out the systematization of bodies’ activity of state employment management and highlights the main directions of state employment policy. The article shows the features of the distribution of powers and functions among the employment bodies at Federal, regional and municipal levels. The state employment regulation mechanism is characterized from the point of view of application of different management methods. Economic, organizational, administrative and legislative methods to regulate the employment in a crisis have to adapt to the new conditions. There is a need for improving existing regulatory mechanisms of the labour market and for the development of new ones that meet constantly changing conditions. State involvement should be reflected in the extension of the tools of active employment promotion policy. Special attention should be given to the development of regional target programs to support industry, social protection of the population in the sphere of counteraction to mass redundancies and to ensure sound management of the processes of re-training, reduction of long-term unemployment, the increasing unemployment payouts, and, of course, support small business. This article presents the dynamics of unemployment and the budgetary appropriation for the employment regulation in 2015, which allows to make a conclusion about insufficiency of financing of this direction of state activity and the need to identify hidden reserves to increase the efficiency of the employment management mechanism.

scholarly journals Plutarch and the Law of Reflection: Critical and Literary Commentary to De facie 930A-C

Ploutarchos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Luisa Lesage-Gárriga
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Technical Language ◽  
Ideal Image ◽  
The Law

In 930A-C, Plutarch introduces and immediately rejects the law of reflection because, in his view, the theory is not self-evident nor unanimously accepted. To reinforce this rejection, he provides two examples taken from the field of catoptrics: 1) the images resulting from convex mirrors and 2) those resulting from folding mirrors. Up until now, the slightly corrupted state of the transmitted text and the technical language of the theory and the examples discussed in the passage have prevented scholars from reaching a sound interpretation of the passage. In this paper, I will first address the issues concerning the state of the text, in order to later discuss its problematic content, to wit, whether Plutarch’s rejection of the theory that all reflections occur in equal angles was meant to be taken seriously, as resulting from a confrontation between this theory’s assumptions and reality, or was due to his interest in conveying an ideal image of the moon, a specific interest that could not fit with this theory’s statements.

A Reverend on Trial: Debating the Proper Place of Christianity in the North Korean Revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-405
Author(s):  
Sandra H. Park
Keyword(s):  
Religion And Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The North ◽  
Korean State ◽  
Christian Leaders ◽  
The Revolution

Abstract As the early North Korean state (1945–50) sought to groom “proper” revolutionary subjects, many Christian leaders publicly confronted the state. When Presbyterian minister Cho Ponghwan upset revolutionary sensibilities with political commentaries during an evangelical circuit around Hwanghae Province, the people’s courts tried him as a reactionary. This article draws on surviving court records in the North Korean Captured Documents collection to elucidate the pedagogic aims that the state invested into Cho’s trial. Instead of dismissing the people’s courtroom as revolutionary excess, I engage Cho’s trial as an intelligible debate over early North Korea’s secularizing project. Beyond discipline, I demonstrate that the state laboriously instructed Christians on embodying desire for the revolution and refraining from transgressing the state-drawn boundary between religion and politics. Yet, due to the instability of this boundary, the courts also used Cho’s trial to articulate and assert the state’s sole authority over defining and redefining this boundary as a way to manage the sacred in North Korean society. Reading along and against the state’s pen, this article excavates the North Korean people’s court as a crucial site for ironing out the state pedagogy on the reactionary and the sacred in a postcolonial, socialist revolution.

Education for health promotion: the challenges of centrality and decentralization in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Lopes Gomide ◽  
S B Frantz Krug
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Service Training ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The research starts at the possible invisibility of the theme of Health Promotion (PS) in Health education, its curricular propositions as well as its teaching strategies, and when visible, questions arise: What is the concept of Promotion in Health underpinning the training actions implemented? The concealment of the theme makes it impossible to produce the Health Promotion within the scope of a Residency Program? Methods To analyze the dynamics of the conduct of the Health Promotion Policy, present in the relationship between the centrality of the guidelines formulated at national and global level and the decentralization of Health Education strategies. This proposal presents a qualitative and systemic approach, which intends to analyze four in-service training programs (three national and one international), with regard to the conceptual conceptions of Health Promotion and Health System users. the subjects of the research, conduct semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis when necessary. Results This proposal presents as a reference the expanded concept of health and its social determinants, the responsibility of the State in sanitary regulation, universality, population participation and integrality, accessibility to information as a right and territorialization. Conclusions This study will feed the elaboration, in two Brazilian municipalities, through the School of Public Health of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, of a training proposal for health workers, guided by the conceptual and political framework of Health Promotion. Key messages The dynamics of the Health Promotion Policy, present in the relationship between the centrality of the guidelines formulated at global level and the decentralization of Health Education strategies. The importance of Health Promotion in interprofessional training in health services.

scholarly journals Desovereignization and the Loss of Political Subjectivity by the State

2016 ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A V Minaev
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Political Subjectivity ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
State Restrictions

The article discusses the interconnection of desovereignization processes and state’s loss of political subjectivity. The author points out the need to introduce a special approach to the identification and to the analysis of state sovereignty, as well as offers to consider facts of limitation of sovereignty in terms of desovereignization processes. This specialization of study helps to search to detect and to establish allowable state restrictions of state sovereignty in which its supreme power retains the ability to quickly and effectively respond to threats promotion policy of national interests. Restriction of sovereignty, according to the author, is acceptable only when it does not lead to a loss of political subjectivity of the state.

Is Zimbabwe Poised on a Liberal Path? The State and Prospects of the Parties

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Masipula Sithole
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Liberation Movement

Lamenting the proliferation of factionalism in the Zimbabwe liberation movement during the 1970s, an observer once commented, “If you were to put two Zimbabweans on the moon and visited them the next day, you would find that they have formed three parties.” This observation was a criticism of splits and divisions that tended, some believed, to weaken the liberation movement.

Strong State and Strong Civil Society in Contemporary South Korea

Asian Survey ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Oh
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Societal Actors ◽  
Korean State ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article examines the impact of Korean civil society on politics since democratization. Weak mediating institutions prevent the systematic inclusion of societal actors in the policymaking process, pitting an increasingly strengthened civil society against the state. Consequently, Korean state-society relations continue to remain contentious, posing challenges to democratic governance.

scholarly journals New wine in old bottles? Korean state actors’ policy engagement with the online gaming industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-123
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Song
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
The State ◽  
Gaming Industry ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Korean State ◽  
Policy Engagement

This article revisits the developmental state literature that stresses the unitary role of the state in steering economic development in East Asia. Focusing on the Korean state actors’ diversity and their agency after the trend of globalization and democratization, this article highlights various state actors as agents and looks into how the role of state actors has changed with industrial development, using the setting of the Korean online gaming industry over the past two decades. By examining government policy measures on the industry, I found that the state actors have actively engaged with the industry, however, this agency has not been uniform due to the different purposes of the actors and sometimes led a detrimental effect against the needs or expectations of the industry. The findings, thus, contribute to the literature by suggesting the potentiality of agent-driven institutional change and the heterogeneity that comes from the state actors’ policy engagement.

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