Pride in Production: The Jubilee Exhibition of 1891 and Economic Competition between Czechs and Germans in Bohemia

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Business World ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Provincial Autonomy

Adistinctive Feature of nineteenth-century Czech nationalism was its consistent promotion of Czech business and economic interests. Since the 1850s, Czech national leaders had argued that economic prosperity was a prerequisite for eventual political power and provincial autonomy within the Habsburg monarchy. They demanded equality for Czechs and for the Czech language not just in schools, courts, and the bureaucracy, but also in the business world, and they gradually established a wide network of cooperatives and voluntary associations to support Czech business.

scholarly journals Traditional and Modern Education in Bukhara (1860s-1917): The Policy Juncture

2016 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Ayaz Ahmad ◽  
Sana Hussan ◽  
Muhammad Shoaib Malik
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Political Power ◽  
World View ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
New Order ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Instrumental Approach ◽  
Modern Education

This paper explores the nature of conflict that unfolded between the supporters of traditionalist and modernist education in Tsarist Central Asia. The paper explores the viewpoint of each camp and explores the causes of such approach. The paper finds that the conflict or divergence was driven by the desire to ensure the protection of political and economic interests each camp cherished. While status quo offered traditionalists economic security and political power, the new order and industrialization that came to Central Asia in the wake of Tsarist conquests offered modernists a future in which their political power and economic prosperity was ensured. Both camps diverged in rationalizing education as means to sustaining their world view. However, they also converged in their instrumental approach to education. Arguments that each camp offered to support their vision of education are relevant to the debates between the modern and traditional education in the modern Muslim world, especially Pakistan.

Наследие популяров в политике Августа (по Res Gestae Divi Augusti)

2017 ◽  
pp. 226-291
Author(s):  
O.V. Liubimova
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Public Building ◽  
The Public ◽  
Roman People

On the basis of The Deeds of Divine Augustus or Res Gestae Divi Augusti (RGDA), the author analyses the significance of the legacy of populares, one of the main political movements in the Late Republic, in the politics of Emperor Augustus. The main features of this political movement, in the opinion of modern researchers, were their demagogic political style, their assertion of the sovereignty of Roman people and their protection of economic interests of the lower classes. In the RGDA there is no mention of the odious political methods of the populares that entailed conflicts and unrest but the text significantly dwells on the tribunician power granted to Augustus. In the Late Republic the tribunician power served as the basis of the populares political method. The ideology reflected in the RGDA entrusts the Roman people with an important role in the public administration and describes the Roman people as a fullfledged partner of the Senate, however it lacks the populares contraposition of the Roman people to the Senate (or to the oligarchy controlling the Senate). The populares legacy is particularly apparent in the RGDA chapters describing Augustus expenses in favor of the Roman people such as the organisation of various social measures, shows and public building. Augustus inherited from the populares of the Late Republic the idea of Roman plebs as a source of political power and of satisfaction of its interest as a mechanism of maintaining political stability, but discarded those of populares slogans and methods that had a conflict potential.На материале Деяний Божественного Августа (Res Gestae Divi Augusti) рассматривается вопрос о том, какое место занимало в политике Августа наследие популяров одного из двух основных политических течений Поздней республики. В качестве характерных черт этого движения исследователи выделяют демагогический политический стиль приверженность идеологии народного суверенитета защиту экономических интересов неимущих слоёв. В RGDA не упоминаются одиозные политические методы популяров, которые влекли за собой конфликты и беспорядки, но важное место занимает предоставленная Августу трибунская власть, которая в Республике служила основой популярского Modus Operandi. Идеология, выраженная в RGDA, отводит римскому народу важное место в управлении государством и представляет его равноправным партнёром сената однако в ней отсутствует характерное для популяров противопоставление народа сенату (или олигархии, контролирующей сенат). Наиболее очевидно наследие популяров в тех главах RGDA, где описываются расходы Августа в пользу римского народа: социальные мероприятия, организация зрелищ и строительство. Август заимствовал у позднереспубликанских популяров представление о том, что римский плебс может служить источником политической силы, и удовлетворение его интересов необходимо для поддержания политической стабильности, однако исключил из своего арсенала те политические лозунги и методы популяров, которые имели конфликтный потенциал.

scholarly journals Economic elites and the constitutional design of sharing political power

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Paniagua ◽  
Jan P. Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Constitutional Design ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Economic Elites ◽  
Resource Diversity

AbstractWhat explains the emergence and persistence of institutions aimed at preventing any ruling group from using the state apparatus to advance particularistic interests? To answer this recurring question, a burgeoning literature examines the establishment of power-sharing institutions in societies divided by ethnic or religious cleavages. Going beyond existing scholarly work focused on these specific settings, we argue that political power-sharing institutions can also be the result of common disputes within the economic elite. We propose that these institutions are likely to emerge and persist when competition between elite factions with dissimilar economic interests is balanced. To address the possibility of endogeneity between elite configurations and public institutions, we leverage natural resource diversity as an instrument for elite configurations. We show that, where geological resources are more diverse, competition between similarly powerful economic groups is more likely to emerge, leading ultimately to the establishment of power-sharing mechanisms that allow elite groups to protect their diverging economic interests.

Questioning territories and identities in the precolonial (nineteenth-century) Lake Kivu region

Africa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-515
Author(s):  
Gillian Mathys
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Lake Kivu ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

AbstractThroughout Africa, contemporary boundaries are deemed ‘artificial’ because they were external impositions breaking apart supposedly homogeneous ethnic units. This article argues that the problem with the colonial borders was not only that they arbitrarily dissected African societies with European interests in mind, but also that they profoundly changed the way in which territoriality and authority functioned in this region, and therefore they affected identity. The presumption that territories could be constructed in which ‘culture’ and ‘political power’ neatly coincided was influenced by European ideas about space and identity, and privileged the perceptions and territorial claims of those ruling the most powerful centres in the nineteenth century. Thus, this article questions assumptions that continue to influence contemporary views of the Lake Kivu region. It shows that local understandings of the relationship between space and identity differed fundamentally from state-centred perspectives, whether in precolonial centralized states or colonial states.

In Between Market and Charity: Child Domestic Work and Changing Labor Relations in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Istanbul

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 81-108
Author(s):  
Yahya Araz ◽  
İrfan Kokdaş
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Domestic Work ◽  
Domestic Service ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
The Status

AbstractThis article focuses on children taken by Istanbulite families for upbringing and employment in the Ottoman capital during the 1800–1900 period. It suggests that domestic child labor which was shaped by the concept of ‘charity’ and economic interests during the first half of the nineteenth century progressively turned into wage labor during the second half of the century. The study claims that the nineteenth century witnessed a transformation of labor relations in the domestic service market, implying the transition from reciprocal to commodified labor. The labor of children employed in domestic services underwent a monetization process throughout the nineteenth century. Parallel to this monetization, the status of children under foster care or in domestic service came to be determined by standardized legal contracts.

Economics, Society, and Sociopolitical Thought in Hungary during the Age of Capitalism

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 113-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Hanák
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Hungarian Revolution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Revolution Of 1848

By abolishing feudalism, the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 helped to create the economic preconditions and the legal-political framework necessary for capitalistic development. This made it possible for Hungary to adapt her economy to the market possibilities offered by the Industrial Revolution in western and central Europe and to share in the agrarian boom of the period between 1850 and 1873. The previously existing division of labor between western and eastern Europe and between the western and eastern parts of the Habsburg monarchy continued on a scale larger than before, with the significant difference, however, that this practice now speeded up rather than retarded the development of preconditions for capitalism. During the first half of the nineteenth century the preconditions for capitalism had come into existence in the Cisleithanian provinces at considerable expense to the Hungarian economy.

scholarly journals “Prompt, at any time of the day…”: the Emerging Translatorial Habitus in the Late Habsburg Monarchy

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
French Sociology ◽  
Weak Structure ◽  
Struggle For Recognition

As one of the key notions in French sociology,habitushas also lately conquered the field of translation studies, at least from the perspective of a sociologically-oriented view of translation. In this paper I will critically highlight the main factors responsible for the term’s potential for translation purposes. Within the discussion of its adoption in translation studies, I will test the enduring claim of the translator’s submissiveness allegedly related to the translatorialhabitus. On the basis of a case study on the private (commercial) translation sector in the late Habsburg Monarchy, I will focus on three aspects to substantiate my assumption that towards the end of the nineteenth century, the commercial translators’ activity was already characterized by explicit emancipating processes, mostly driven by the struggle for recognition in the field: the initially weak structure of the field; thehabitusas a product of the relation between its collective and individual history; the conditions triggering the dynamism of the translator’shabitus. I will attempt to develop a differentiated view on thehabitusconcept, challenging traditional discussions of its informative value.

scholarly journals A PERSONAGEM LOU COMO TRANSGRESSORA DAS NORMAS SOCIAIS IMPOSTAS À MULHER NO SÉCULO XIX EM HUMANA, DEMASIADO, HUMANA

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Dos Santos Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
The 19Th Century

Resumo O artigo apresenta um estudo da obra Humana, demasiado, humana, de Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira, com ênfase na análise das personagens femininas, em especial, Lou Salomé. Busca- se compreender como essas mulheres transgrediram os padrões da sociedade do século XIX, época em que as mulheres estavam excluídas do poder político e educacional pura e simplesmente. Palavras-chave: Mulheres. Transgressora. Lou Andreas Salomé. Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira. THE CHARACTER OF LOU AS A TRANSGRESSOR OF SOCIAL STANDARDS IMPOSED ON WOMEN IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN HUMAN, TOO, HUMANAbstract The article presents a study of Human, too, human, by Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira, emphasizing an analysis of female characters, particularly Lou Salome. We seek to understand how these women transgress the standards of the nineteenth century society, when women used to be excluded from political power and educational pure and simply. Keywords: Women. Transgressive. Lou Andreas Salomé. Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira.

scholarly journals Power to the People: An Inverse Role in Nigeria’s Politics and Governance

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Onyemekara Onyemekara Emecheta
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Democratic Citizenship ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
The People ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Political Effect ◽  
The Stability

Abstract An attempt to contextualize the political power structure in Nigeria exposes an orientation and practice that directly negates the democratic norm of power belonging to the people. Today, power belongs entirely to government officials who use it to advance the course of their political and economic interests. The people are thus, subjected to the point and path of complete alienation from the demands and benefits of their democratic citizenship. Given the weakness of the rule of law and institutions of check in Nigeria, established statutes and legislation have not been able to stand tall to relevance in dislodging the hegemony of the ruling elites as is evident in our case study-Imo State. This has since 1999, propped up a telling political effect, which also spirals to the arena of development, and quakes the stability of the state, and the nation at large. The paper examines the current domiciliation of political power, its potential effect on the people, and on service delivery in the country. A case is made for recovery of power for the people and reasserting the law as a balancing force and as means of providing check against breach of constitutionally prescribed political power structure and configuration.

The Germans as an Integrating and Disintegrating Force

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-233
Author(s):  
Erich Zöllner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy

In order to evaluate properly the position of the Germansin the Habsburg monarchy during the nineteenth century, certain factors whose roots go back to earlier centuries shouldbe taken into consideration. The explanation for many of theproblems under discussion in this paper can be found byexamining these roots.

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