Prehistoric Research in Switzerland, 1939–1945

1947 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Karl Keller-Tarnuzzer
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
World War ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Although Switzerland and its population had the good fortune to be spared from the second as from the first world war, it was not possible to continue archaeological research from 1939–1945 on a peace-time footing. The mobilisation of the people for guarding the frontiers, the closing of the foreign markets and the drive for greater production absorbed so many men and women, that cultural pursuits had of necessity to be curtailed. Foremost in the efforts to maintain a certain level of research were the Swiss Prehistoric Society and the Swiss National Museum, but in this work they were assisted by local museums of all grades.

Stowaways at Bohemia's Shores: Undocumented Emigration and People-Smuggling Networks in Interwar East Central Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-583
Author(s):  
Allison Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Migrant Smuggling ◽  
First World

AbstractThis article investigates interwar people-smuggling networks, based in Germany and Czechoslovakia, that transported undocumented emigrants across borders from east-central Europe to northern Europe, where the travelers planned to sail to the United States. Many of the people involved in such networks in the Saxon-Bohemian borderlands had themselves been immigrants from Galicia. They had left a homeland decimated by the First World War and subsequent violence and entered societies with limited avenues to earn a living. The “othering” of these Galician immigrants became a self-fulfilling prophecy, as those on the margins of society then sought illegal ways to supplement their income. This article concludes that the poor economic conditions and threat of ongoing violence that spurred migrant clients to seek undocumented passage had driven their smugglers, who also faced social marginalization, to emigration and the business of migrant smuggling.

Changes in state-society relations from the First World War to the National Independence Struggle (1914-1923)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
Gülsüm Polat
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Social State ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

This article compares and contrasts state-society relations during wartime, first under the Ottoman government during the First World War and, secondly, under the Ankara government during the National War of Liberation, and concludes that while the Ottoman government did attempt to address the great hardships faced by the population in this period, the Ankara government placed more emphasis both on the importance of the people, the halk, and on the development of a social state.

scholarly journals Socio-economic situation in Vienna during the First World War 1916–1918.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182
Author(s):  
Rashid A. Nadirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
First World War ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
First World

This article addresses the problem of socio-economic status of the Austro-Hungarian capital Vienna in the second period of the First World War - 1916-1918. Much attention is paid to the consequences of the war: the food crisis, the deficit, the rise in prices for basic necessities, speculation, protests, etc. It shows the transformation of the mood of the Viennese society in the conditions of the growing economic crisis. The food issue directly affected the quality of life of the residents of the capital, who were in difficult wartime conditions, and largely influenced their attitude to the current government. In this study, the task was to analyze the relationship between the government and the people and to find out why the people of Vienna, who had initially been patriotic and united around the monarchy, had joined the opposition by 1916. The author concludes that the food crisis, against the backdrop of the inaction of the government, which has used only the practice of prohibitions and restrictions on the civilian population, has become a key factor in exacerbating protests and leading to the overthrow of the political regime and the collapse of the monarchy.

Institutional reversals and economic growth: Palestine 1516–1948

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW SCHEIN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Private Property ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First World

Abstract:This study examines the type and quality of institutions in Palestine and the correlation between the institutions and economic growth in Palestine from 1516 to 1948. Initially in the 16th century, with the Ottoman conquest of the area, institutions in Palestine involved de facto private user-rights. The level of expropriation by elites was low, and this enabled the people to develop the lands that they had acquired the right to cultivate. In the 17th and 18th centuries, with the exception of the Galilee in the middle of the 18th century, institutions became extractive due to tax farming, rapacious governors and Bedouin raids. From the middle of the 19th century until 1948, there was a second reversal back to private property institutions, first slowly until the First World War, and then more rapidly under the British Mandate after the First World War. When there were private property institutions the economy prospered, while when there were extractive institutions, the economy stagnated.

scholarly journals Nationalism, the First World War, and sites of international memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda Sluga
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
World War ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World ◽  
Role Of Men

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to restore the history of internationalism to our understanding of the legacy of the First World War, and the role of universities in that past. It begins by emphasising the war’s twin legacy, namely, the twin principles of the peace: national self-determination and the League of Nations. Design/methodology/approach It focuses on the intersecting significance and meaning attributed to the related terms patriotism and humanity, nationalism and internationalism, during the war and after. A key focus is the memorialization of Edith Cavell, and the role of men and women in supporting a League of Nations. Findings The author finds that contrary to conventional historical opinion, internationalism was as significant as nationalism during the war and after, thanks to the influence and ideas of men and women connected through university networks. Research limitations/implications The author’s argument is based on an examination of British imperial sources in particular. Originality/value The implications of this argument are that historians need to recover the international past in histories of nationalism.

scholarly journals Commemorating Race and Empire in the First World War Centenary

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Global Context ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
War Commemoration ◽  
First World

First World War commemoration in Europe has been framed as a moment of national trial and as a collective European tragedy. But the ‘Great War for Civilisation’ was more than just a European conflict. It was a global clash of empires that began a process of agitation against imperialism in Asia, Africa and beyond. Despite the global context of the Centenary, commemorative events remain framed by national and state imaginaries in which ideas about race and imperialism that animated and dominated men and women during the Great War sit uncomfortably with today’s official sensibilities. By employing multidisciplinary frames of analysis, including new Belgian and Mandarin sources translated into English, this exciting and innovative volume explores how memory of race and empire were commemorated and obscured during the First World War Centenary.

scholarly journals Traditions of N.V. Gogol in the prose of S.A. Klychkov

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-365
Author(s):  
Tatiana A. Ponomareva
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Creative Interchange ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Devil ◽  
First World ◽  
Research Show

The article deals with the traditions of N.V. Gogol in the prose of S.A. Klychkov. The absence of generalizing works that examine the work of Novokrestyansk writers in the context of the traditions of Russian classics, determines the relevance of the topic. The purpose of the work is to identify and analyze common images and motifs in the prose of Gogol and Klychkov. The task of the research is to find out what caused the creative interchange of these writers. In the works of both writers presented the motive of Russian heroism and Russian force. But in S. Klychkov's novel “Sugar German”, the events of which take place in the First World War, the motive of heroism is transformed into the motive of the death of the Russian people. The iron “German civilization” not only destroys the natural utopia, but also morally cripples the person, makes him the servant of the devil. The image of the “the deceptive city”, which is ruled by the devil, in prose of S.A. Klychkov is projected onto the “Saint Petersburg stories” by N.V. Gogol. In “Sugar German” there are plot rolls with “Nevsky Prospect”. Material for comparison is the theme of the relationship between man and the devil in the works of Gogol and Klychkov. The results of the research show that in S.A. Klychkov's prose there are typological convergences with the works of N.V. Gogol, conditioned by conceptual ideas about the Russian national character, the fate of the people and Russia, as well as a conscious orientation to Gogol's poetics.

scholarly journals The Sadomasochism in Awwad’s Life and Writing: The First World War Trauma

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Lattee Wisam
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
World War ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Abstract The paper focuses on the Sadomasochism of the Lebanese novelist, poet and diplomat Tawifq Yusuf Awwad, due to the horrible childhood which has shaped his character. When the First World War broke out he was three years old, and when the terrible famine killed two-thirds of the people of Mount Lebanon in 1916 he witnessed these scenes of death, I attempt to investigate how such scenes affected on his life and depicted in his early writings.

The Contribution of Archaeology to WWI Commemoration in Flanders

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-182
Author(s):  
Birger Stichelbaut ◽  
Jean Bourgeois ◽  
Guy De Mulder ◽  
Simon Verdegem ◽  
Wouter Gheyle
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
World War ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

When the First World War ended, the landscape had been transformed into a wasteland. Later, the population faced the challenge of rebuilding the region. Many traces of the war were then wiped out. Everywhere, the archaeological remains are slumbering in the soil, barely 30 cm deep and invisible to the visitors. It took a while before the remains of the war have been considered as archaeological heritage. It was not until 2002-2004 that professional archaeologists in Belgium began to show an interest in this special heritage. Since then, the importance of this archaeology has only increased and today it is part of mainstream archaeological research. Several initiatives built on the successful first commemorative year 2014 in Belgium, with record numbers of visitors in the Westhoek. During the commemorations, various archaeological projects were put in the spotlight and were picked up with great interest from the public. This chapter highlights a series of high-profile initiatives that shaped specific parts of the remembrance of the First World War in Belgium.

‘All the People in the Ring Together’: Hemingway, Performance, and the Politics of the Corrida

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-47
Author(s):  
David Barnes
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
American Modernism ◽  
Personal Mythology ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Ernest Hemingway's association with the Spanish bullfight (corrida) has become a familiar, almost clichéd, aspect of his personal mythology. However, the complexities of the cultural and political discourses around the corrida in Hemingway's writing have not been fully explored. This essay reads Hemingway's engagement with bullfighting as part of a wider interest in the performance or ritual mediation of national identity in his work. It argues that Hemingway's interest in the essence of the bullfight can be linked to the articulations of ‘Spanishness’ propagated by the Primo De Rivera dictatorship in the mid-1920s. It sees Hemingway's interest in the bullfight as part of a broader struggle within American modernism to articulate national or communal visions of society (‘all the people in the ring together’) in the two decades following the First World War.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document