scholarly journals A Simultaneous Equation Model of the Economic-Ecologic System in Citrus Groves

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
Jonq-Ying Lee ◽  
Max R. Langham
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Model ◽  
Citrus Groves ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
The U.S

In 1964, 89 percent of the citrus acreage in the U.S. was treated with pesticides. The percentage increased to 97 percent in 1966. Total expenditures for pesticides during the two years were 13.8 and 21.3 million dollars, respectively. Expenditures on a per acre basis were $12.74 and $18.82, respectively, in these years. The trend in pesticide use on citrus pest control has been upward.The increased usage indicates that pesticides are recognized by growers as important inputs to increase output and/or improve fruit quality. The negative side effects of pesticides on the environment are also being increasingly recognized.

scholarly journals Cropland Diversions and Rural Nonfarm Population Change

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
Evert Van der Sluis ◽  
Willis L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

AbstractData from 100 farming-dependent counties in the U.S. are used to measure the impact of acreage reduction programs on the level of the rural nonfarm population. Results of a simultaneous equation model suggest that the programs had a negative influence on the number of rural nonfarm people, reducing the rural nonfarm population in these counties by an estimated 15-16% over the 1960-90 period.

Short-Run Determinants of the IDR/USD Exchange Rate: A Simultaneous-Equation Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318
Author(s):  
Yu Hsing
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The U.S

This paper examines short-run determinants of the Indonesian rupiah/USD exchange rate based on a simultaneous-equation model. Based on a reduced form equation and the EGARCH method, the paper finds that the IDR/USD exchange rate is positively associated with the real 10-year U.S. government bond yield, real GDP in Indonesia, the stock price in the U.S. and the expected exchange rate and negatively influenced by the real deposit rate in Indonesia, real GDP in the U.S., and the stock price in Indonesia. The Asian financial crisis has shifted the mean exchange rate by 4,900.857.

R&D Rivalry in the U.S. Automobile Industry: A Simultaneous Equation Model Approach to Bain's Hypothesis

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lall B. Ramrattan
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
System Model ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Model ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Model Approach

This paper investigates rivalry in R&D expenditures for firms within the U. S. Automobile industry. It attempts to falsify Bain's paradigm that firms in that industry collude in price, and compete primarily in advertising and secondarily in R&D expenditures. We start with a single equation model of an earlier specification that falsified R&D rivalry for the auto industry, using a smaller sample size. The result also was insignificant, lending credence to Bain's idea that a more concerted effort is needed to ascertain R&D rivalry. To accommodate Bain's hypothesis, we embedded the R&D equation within a system of equations framework, where interactions between advertising, dividend, investment, and finance are co-determined. The system model gained efficiency through explicit specifications for technological and marketing constraints. The results corroborate Bain's hypotheses that R&D rivalry is present only when R&D expenditure is foiled with advertising and other financial ratios.

Remittances, Economic Growth and Poverty: A Case of African OIC Member Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-143
Author(s):  
Nasim Shah Shirazi ◽  
Sajid Amin Javed ◽  
Dawood Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Model ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of remittance inflows on economic growth and poverty reduction for seven African countries using annual data from 1992-2010. By using the depth of hunger as a proxy for poverty in a Simultaneous Equation Model (SEM), we find that remittances have statistically significant growth enhancing and poverty reducing impact. Drawing on our estimates, we conclude that financial development level significantly increases the remittances inflows and strengthens poverty alleviating impact of remittances. Results of our study further show a signficant interactive imapct of remittances and finacial develpment on economic growth, suggesting the substitutability between remittance inflows and financial development. We further find that 3 percentage point increase in credit provision to the private sector (financial development) can help eliminate the severe depth of hunger in the region. Remittances, serving an alternative source of private credit, can be effective in this regard. Keywords: Remittance Inflow, Poverty Alleviation, Financial Development, Simultaneous Equation Model

scholarly journals World Agricultural Markets: Implications for U.S. Food and Agricultural Policy

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
T. Kelley White
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Farm Sector ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Food And Agricultural Policy ◽  
The U.S

In the absence of agricultural policy, the behavior of the agricultural sector is dictated by market forces. Any agricultural policy, other than one of “hands off—let the market forces rule,” is dependent upon programmatic tools which in one way or another attempt to interfere or modify behavior of the sector. If it is government's objective to design and implement a set of programs which will distort market behavior so as to achieve policy goals with minimum negative side effects, it is essential that policymakers understand the kind of market environment within which the U.S. farm sector exists and how this market is likely to behave, given alternative interferences.

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