We are better off without perfect perception

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Brenner ◽  
Jeroen B. J. Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Perfect Information ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Target Article ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Ultimate Purpose ◽  
The Way

Stoffregen & Bardy's target article is based on the assumption that our senses' ultimate purpose is to provide us with perfect information about the outside world. We argue that it is often more important that information be available quickly than that it be perfect. Consequently our nervous system processes different aspects of information about our surrounding as separately as possible. The separation is not between the senses, but between separate aspects of our surrounding. This results in inconsistencies between judgments: sometimes because different frames of reference are used. Such inconsistencies are fundamental to the way the information is picked up, however, and hence cannot be avoided with clearer instructions to the subjects.

scholarly journals Alignment to natural and imposed mismatches between the senses

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1890-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. van der Kooij ◽  
E. Brenner ◽  
R. J. van Beers ◽  
W. D. Schot ◽  
J. B. J. Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
End Points ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Three Dimensional Space ◽  
The Way

Does the nervous system continuously realign the senses so that objects are seen and felt in the same place? Conflicting answers to this question have been given. Research imposing a sensory mismatch has provided evidence that the nervous system realigns the senses to reduce the mismatch. Other studies have shown that when subjects point with the unseen hand to visual targets, their end points show visual-proprioceptive biases that do not disappear after episodes of visual feedback. These biases are indicative of intersensory mismatches that the nervous system does not align for. Here, we directly compare how the nervous system deals with natural and imposed mismatches. Subjects moved a hand-held cube to virtual cubes appearing at pseudorandom locations in three-dimensional space. We alternated blocks in which subjects moved without visual feedback of the hand with feedback blocks in which we rendered a cube representing the hand-held cube. In feedback blocks, we rotated the visual feedback by 5° relative to the subject's head, creating an imposed mismatch between vision and proprioception on top of any natural mismatches. Realignment occurred quickly but was incomplete. We found more realignment to imposed mismatches than to natural mismatches. We propose that this difference is related to the way in which the visual information changed when subjects entered the experiment: the imposed mismatches were different from the mismatch in daily life, so alignment started from scratch, whereas the natural mismatches were not imposed by the experimenter, so subjects are likely to have entered the experiment partly aligned.

scholarly journals Further Investigations on the Function of the Electrical Organ of the Skate

1889 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burdon Sanderson ◽  
F. Gotch
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Electric Organ ◽  
Physiological Laboratory ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Way

During the month of September, 1888, we availed ourselves of the facilities afforded by the Laboratory for the purpose of continuing the investigations began by us the year before, of the function of the electrical organ of the skate. In the record of the work done by us in 1887 at St. Andrews, published in the Journal of Physiology, vol. ix, p. 137, we indicated several new lines of investigation which we hoped to pursue if the opportunity offered. Two of these indications we have now been able to fulfil satisfactorily, namely, those relating to the electromotive force of the shock, and to the way in which the function of the electric organ is controlled and influenced by the central nervous system. In the first of these inquiries, we used apparatus which was brought from the Oxford Physiological Laboratory, and temporarily fitted up in the room at Plymouth, which is set apart for physiological researches, and which we found well adapted for this purpose. For the second, a large number of experiments and consequently a considerable number of fish were requisite. Forty skates of various species (Raia Batis, R. clavata, R. microcellata, and R. maculata) were supplied to us and used in our researches, of which the result will shortly be ready for publication.We desire to express in the strongest terms our appreciation of the advantages afforded by the Laboratory for physiological researches. We would also record our personal obligation to the Director for his uniform courtesy and untiring zeal in obtaining for us, in spite of considerable difficulties, the material required for our work.

scholarly journals Aesthesis decolonial y los tiempos relacionales Entrevista a Rolando Vázquez

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Rolando Vazquez ◽  
Miriam Barrera Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Arte Contemporáneo ◽  
The Way

RESUMEN Hay que pensar la decolonialidad en relación a las artes. En esta entrevista exploramos cómo las artes decoloniales se diferencian de la estética moderna/colonial. La decolonización de la estética conlleva la liberación de a la aiesthesis, es decir de las formas de relacionarnos con el mundo y de hacer mundo a través de los sentidos. La aiesthesis decolonial se distingue de los principios del arte contemporáneo y en particular de su sujeción a la temporalidad moderna, abriéndonos hacia las temporalidades relacionales. Los artistas decoloniales ejercen una temporalidad distinta que conlleva no sólo una crítica radical al orden de la representación y de la visualidad modernas sino que también nos dan la posibilidad de entender a la decolonialidad cómo un movimiento cargado de esperanza, cargado de la posibilidad de nombrar y vivenciar los mundos interculturales que han sido negados. PALABRAS CLAVE Decolonialidad, tiempo relacional, esperanza, cuerpo, interculturalidad KAI SUTI AESTHESIS ÑAGPAMANDA KAUSAKUNA TUKUIKUNAWA TAPUCHI SUG RUNATA ROLANDO VÁSQUEZ SUTITA SUGLLAPI Kaipi kawachinakumi iska ruraikuna ñugpamanda chasallata kunaurramanda. Kai suti aiesthesis, kawachiku imasami pai kawa kawachimanda ukusinama paipa iuaikunawa. Aiesthesis kame tukuikunamanda sugrigcha.Lsx artistxs kawachinakumi ñugpamanda kausikuna munankuna kawachingapa charrami kausanakunchi parlanakumi ñugpata imasami mana lisinsiaskakuna allí ruraikuna tukuikunamanda. IMA SUTI RIMAI SIMI: Ñugpamanda, parlaikuna sullai, nukanchi kikin, tukuikuna. DECOLONIAL AESTHESIS AND THE RELATIONAL TIMES. INTERVIEW WITH ROLANDO VÁSQUEZ ABSTRACT We have to hink the decoloniality in relation with the arts. This interview explores the difference between the modern/colonial aesthetic and the decolonial arts. The aesthetic decolonization leads to the release of the aesthesis, ergo it relates in every way to the connection and creation of a world through the senses. The decolonial aesthesis is particularly different from the contemporary art principles in the way it grasps the modern temporality consenting the creation of a path toward relational temporalities. The decolonial artists exercise a different temporality that results in not only a radical criticism to the modern representation and visuality but it makes possible to understand the decolonialization as a hopeful movement, full of possibilities for naming and experiencing neglected intercultural worlds. KEYWORDS Decolonialization, relational time, hope, body, interculturality ESTEHÉSIE DÉCOLONIALE ET LE TEMPS RELATIONNELS. ENTRETIEN À ROLANDO VASQUEZ RÉSUMÉ Il faut penser la décolonisation en relation aux arts. Dans cet entretien on explore comment les arts décoloniaux sont différents de l’esthétique moderne-coloniale. La décolonisation de l’esthétique entraîne la libération de l’estehésie, c’est-à-dire, la libération des façons de nous mettre en relation avec le monde et d’en créer un nouveau à travers les sens. L’estehésie décoloniale se différence des principes de l’art contemporain, principalement pour son fixation à la modernité en nous emmenant vers les temporalités relationnelles. Les artistes décoloniaux exercent avec une temporalité qui n’implique pas juste une critique radicale à l’ordre de la représentation et de la vision moderne, mais aussi de la possibilité de comprendre la décolonisation comme un mouvement plein d’espoir, chargé d’une possibilité de nommer et de mettre en relief les interculturalités qu’ont été niées. MOTS-CLEFS Décolonisation, temps relationnels, espoir, corps, interculturalité ESTESIA DESCOLONIAL E O TEMPO RELACIONAL ENTREVISTA A ROLANDO VAZQUEZ RESUMO Temos que pensar a descolonização em relação as artes. Nesta entrevista é explorado como as artes descoloniais são diferentes da estética moderna-colonial. A descolonização da estética conduz a emancipação da estesia, isto é, das formas de relacionamento com o mundo e da fôrma de fazer mundo a partir dos sentidos. A estesia descolonial distinguese dos princípios da arte contemporânea particularmente pela fixação o tempo moderno, abrindo-nos para a temporalidades relacionales. Os artistas descoloniais exercem uma temporalidade diferente que implica não só uma crítica radical à ordem da representação e à visão moderna, mas também à possibilidade de entender a descolonização como um movimento cheio de esperança, carregado da possibilidade de designar e viver os mundos interculturais que foram negados. PALAVRAS CHAVES Descolonização, esperança, tempo relacional, fôrma, intercultural.   Recibido el 20 de enero de 2015 Aceptado el 26 de febrero de 2015

scholarly journals „Rozkosz dla zmysłów”, czyli język kart dań

LingVaria ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Lidia Przymuszała
Keyword(s):  
The Senses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Restaurant Owners ◽  
The Way

“Delight for the Senses” or the Language Used in Menus This article is about language used in menus. The recently changing approach to cooking and eating is also reflected in language that describes food. Restaurant menus are a clear example of this. It is because eating, i. e. experiencing the taste of dishes, does not only take using our tongue, but it also involves using language. Some restaurant owners are aware of the relationship between taste and word, which is reflected in the way some dishes are described in menu cards offered to customers. The purpose of the article is to analyse menus of selected restaurants and to show some linguistic tricks used by restaurant owners to encourage customers to eat in their restaurants.

scholarly journals CSF analysis in a patient with meningitis with special reference to LDH

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4919-4922
Author(s):  
Shilpa Patil ◽  
Ajikya Bahulekar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Pyogenic Meningitis ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Acute Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Routine Assessment ◽  
The Way

Acute infections of the nervous system are among the hugest issues in the medicine considering the way that early affirmation, gainful dynamic and speedy association of the treatment can be lifesaving. Standard routine assessment of CSF in meningitis doesn't commonly give speedy definitive information without a doubt. Therefore there was need for additional tests. The present study conducted in Department of Medicine. The study included clinical appraisal and CSF assessment of 65 occurrences of meningitis. Lumbar cut was done in each consistent case and CSF was assembled in sterile containers.In majority cases of meningitis sugar less than two third of blood sugars, and majority of TBM cases had sugar level between 40-60 mg%. Higher cell count was seen in pyogenic meningitis cases. In context to LDH levels among the different types of meningitis, significant increased CSF LDH levels was observed in TBM and PM as compared to VM and CM but no noteworthy distinction between TBM and PM. Overall conclusion of study was that estimation of CSF LDH levels is not only supplementary aid but diagnostic and differentiating aid for meningitis.

Catalan Sociolinguistics

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Toni Mollà Orts
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Ultimate Purpose ◽  
The Way

Humans learned to talk a thousand years ago, but our written abilities are more modern. Technological progress—from writing to digitalization—have crucially changed the way we communicate with each other. Yet, research about linguistic uses, which happens under the area of sociolinguistics, is only a modern phenomenon. In fact, the concept sociolinguistics was only coined in 1949. In the Catalan culture, the first sociolinguistic studies took the form of anti-Franco essays. It was only during the late 1960s that these essays took a sociological dimension thanks to Lluís-Vicent Aracil and Rafael-Lluís Ninyoles. Nowadays, in a context of increasing multidisciplinary approaches, Catalan sociolinguistic studies have become a hybrid field. For the discipline, the main challenge that lies ahead is how find its own perspective and how to incorporate theoretical and methodological tools without eroding the goal of sustaining a collective identity, which is the ultimate purpose that led to its foundation.

Capital of Pleasure

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Rohan McWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Sheet Glass ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
The West ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Way

This chapter decodes some of the pleasures of the West End and analyses its different forms of cultural work. To do this, it explores its appeal to the senses: sight, touch, smell, taste, orality. Pleasure districts trade on forms of hyper-stimulation. This helps locate the West End in terms of visual culture. The chapter argues that the West End was the product of artificial light, embodied in the deployment of gas-light and sheet glass. The chapter then explores the West End in terms of the production of images of glamour and sexuality: further examples of the sensory appeal of the district. This is then contrasted with the way prostitutes became a notorious feature of the West End evident both on the streets and in the night houses (nightclubs) around the Haymarket.

Epistemology in Islamic philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams C. Inati
Keyword(s):  
General View ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
The Senses ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
The Way

Muslim philosophers agree that knowledge is possible. Knowledge is the intellect’s grasp of the immaterial forms, the pure essences or universals that constitute the natures of things, and human happiness is achieved only through the intellect’s grasp of such universals. They stress that for knowledge of the immaterial forms, the human intellect generally relies on the senses. Some philosophers, such as Ibn Rushd and occasionally Ibn Sina, assert that it is the material forms themselves, which the senses provide, that are grasped by the intellect after being stripped of their materiality with the help of the divine world. However, the general view as expressed by al-Farabi and Ibn Sina seems to be that the material forms only prepare the way for the reception of the immaterial forms, which are then provided by the divine world. They also state that on rare occasions the divine world simply bestows the immaterial forms on the human intellect without any help from the senses. This occurrence is known as prophecy. While all Muslim philosophers agree that grasping eternal entities ensures happiness, they differ as to whether such grasping is also necessary for eternal existence.

scholarly journals Superhuman Enhancements via Implants: Beyond the Human Mind

Philosophies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Kevin Warwick
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Way

In this article, a practical look is taken at some of the possible enhancements for humans through the use of implants, particularly into the brain or nervous system. Some cognitive enhancements may not turn out to be practically useful, whereas others may turn out to be mere steps on the way to the construction of superhumans. The emphasis here is the focus on enhancements that take such recipients beyond the human norm rather than any implantations employed merely for therapy. This is divided into what we know has already been tried and tested and what remains at this time as more speculative. Five examples from the author’s own experimentation are described. Each case is looked at in detail, from the inside, to give a unique personal experience. The premise is that humans are essentially their brains and that bodies serve as interfaces between brains and the environment. The possibility of building an Interplanetary Creature, having an intelligence and possibly a consciousness of its own, is also considered.

1. On the Anatomy of a new species of Polyodon, the Polyodon Gladius of Martens, taken from the river Yang-tsze-Kiang, 450 miles above Woosung. Part II., being its Nervous and Muscular Systems

1875 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 136-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Handyside
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
New Species ◽  
Adult Fish ◽  
Entire Specimen ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
A New Species

The author showed to the Society a small entire specimen of the P. gladius, and next described, from a larger opened and dissected one, and from part of an adult fish, the spinal cord, the brain, the organs of the senses, and other parts of its nervous system. He illustrated his remarks by exhibiting four large drawings and nine smaller ones, including six microscopic views, explanatory of his description of the structure and disposition of the spino-cerebral axis, the encephalon as viewed from above and below, the ramifications of the encephalic nerves, and more particularly the structures subserving the senses of smell, sight, and hearing.

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