The concept of coregulation between neurobehavioral subsystems: The logic interplay between excitatory and inhibitory ends

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Goldstein Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Boolean Algebra ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Developmental Processes ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNeuroconstructivism, Vol. 1: How the Brain Constructs Cognition implies that brain functioning depends on biofeedback and ecological trajectories. Using the building blocks of Boolean algebra known as logic gates and models of distributed control systems, I suggest that levels of regulatory states are responsible for optimal, pathological, and developmental processes. I include the impact of regulatory and nonregulatory functions on structural development.

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of the Microbiome on Neuroactive Steroid Levels in Germ-Free Animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12551
Author(s):  
Silvia Diviccaro ◽  
Valentina Caputi ◽  
Lucia Cioffi ◽  
Silvia Giatti ◽  
Joshua M. Lyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Nervous Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Steroid hormones are essential biomolecules for human physiology as they modulate the endocrine system, nervous function and behaviour. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota is directly involved in the production and metabolism of steroid hormones in the periphery. However, the influence of the gut microbiota on levels of steroids acting and present in the brain (i.e., neuroactive steroids) is not fully understood. Therefore, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we assessed the levels of several neuroactive steroids in various brain areas and the plasma of germ-free (GF) male mice and conventionally colonized controls. The data obtained indicate an increase in allopregnanolone levels associated with a decrease in those of 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol (3α-diol) in the plasma of GF mice. Moreover, an increase of dihydroprogesterone and isoallopregnanolone in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex was also reported. Changes in dihydrotestosterone and 3α-diol levels were also observed in the hippocampus of GF mice. In addition, an increase in dehydroepiandrosterone was associated with a decrease in testosterone levels in the hypothalamus of GF mice. Our findings suggest that the absence of microbes affects the neuroactive steroids in the periphery and the brain, supporting the evidence of a microbiota-mediated modulation of neuroendocrine pathways involved in preserving host brain functioning.

scholarly journals Distributed Control Methods and Impact of Communication Failure in AC Microgrids: A Comparative Review

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aghaee ◽  
Mahdian Dehkordi ◽  
Bayati ◽  
Hajizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Communication Failure ◽  
Distributed Control Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Distributed Controller ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
The Impact

The objectives of this paper are to review and compare the distributed control methods in AC microgrids and also to identify the impact of communication failure on this type of the controller. The current AC microgrids are distinguished from the traditional power system topologies because of the high penetration of advanced control methods, measurements, sensors, power electronic devices, and communication links. Also, because of the increasing integration of renewable energy sources, control strategy for congestion management, frequency control, and optimal dispatch of microgrids has become more complicated. This paper explains the characteristics and features of distributed control systems and discusses the challenges of these approaches. In addition, a comprehensive review of the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are explained in detail. On the other hand, the possible challenges, related to communication failure, noise, delay, and packet dropout on the operation of the distributed controller are presented, and several techniques, which reduce the impact of communication failure of the distributed controller, are compared. This comprehensive study on distributed control systems reveals the challenges in and future possible studies on this issue.

Using Creative Arts in Trauma Therapy: The Neuroscience of Healing

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi Perryman ◽  
Paul Blisard ◽  
Rochelle Moss
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Creative Arts ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Corrective Emotional Experience ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Corrective Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Knowledge about the brain and the impact of trauma has increased significantly in recent years. Counselors must understand brain functioning and the effects of trauma in order to choose the most effective methods for working with clients. Creative arts therapies offer a nonthreatening way for clients to access and express their trauma, creating a corrective experience in the brain. Activities that incorporate body movement can be particularly helpful by providing a corrective emotional experience for those clients with an immobilized response to a traumatic event. This article offers a model for the assessment and treatment of trauma through the use of creative arts.

scholarly journals Synchronization and Redundancy: Implications for Robustness of Neural Learning and Decision Making

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2915-2941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Bouvrie ◽  
Jean-Jacques Slotine
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Decision Function ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Cortical Circuits ◽  
Neural Learning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Source Of Error

Learning and decision making in the brain are key processes critical to survival, and yet are processes implemented by nonideal biological building blocks that can impose significant error. We explore quantitatively how the brain might cope with this inherent source of error by taking advantage of two ubiquitous mechanisms, redundancy and synchronization. In particular we consider a neural process whose goal is to learn a decision function by implementing a nonlinear gradient dynamics. The dynamics, however, are assumed to be corrupted by perturbations modeling the error, which might be incurred due to limitations of the biology, intrinsic neuronal noise, and imperfect measurements. We show that error, and the associated uncertainty surrounding a learned solution, can be controlled in large part by trading off synchronization strength among multiple redundant neural systems against the noise amplitude. The impact of the coupling between such redundant systems is quantified by the spectrum of the network Laplacian, and we discuss the role of network topology in synchronization and in reducing the effect of noise. We discuss range of situations in which the mechanisms we model arise in brain science and draw attention to experimental evidence suggesting that cortical circuits capable of implementing the computations of interest here can be found on several scales. Finally, simulations comparing theoretical bounds to the relevant empirical quantities show that the theoretical estimates we derive can be tight.

The Impact of Phytosterols on the Healthy and Diseased Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (37) ◽  
pp. 6750-6765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess Dierckx ◽  
Jeroen F.J. Bogie ◽  
Jerome J.A. Hendriks
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

The central nervous system (CNS) is the most cholesterol-rich organ in mammals. Cholesterol homeostasis is essential for proper brain functioning and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism can lead to neurological problems. Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are examples of neurological diseases that are characterized by a disturbed cholesterol metabolism. Phytosterols (PS) are plant-derived components that structurally and functionally resemble cholesterol. PS are known for their cholesterol-lowering properties. Due to their ability to reach the brain, researchers have started to investigate the physiological role of PS in the CNS. In this review, the metabolism and function of PS in the diseased and healthy CNS are discussed.

Mechanically-Tunable Quantum Interference in Ferrocene-Based Single-Molecule Junctions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Camarasa-Gómez ◽  
Daniel Hernangómez-Pérez ◽  
Michael S. Inkpen ◽  
Giacomo Lovat ◽  
E-Dean Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Ferrocene Derivative ◽  
Single Molecule Junctions ◽  
Molecule Junction ◽  
Single Molecule Junction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
D Orbitals

Ferrocenes are ubiquitous organometallic building blocks that comprise a Fe atom sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings that rotate freely at room temperature. Of widespread interest in fundamental studies and real-world applications, they have also attracted<br>some interest as functional elements of molecular-scale devices. Here we investigate the impact of<br>the configurational degrees of freedom of a ferrocene derivative on its single-molecule junction<br>conductance. Measurements indicate that the conductance of the ferrocene derivative, which is<br>suppressed by two orders of magnitude as compared to a fully conjugated analog, can be modulated<br>by altering the junction configuration. Ab initio transport calculations show that the low conductance is a consequence of destructive quantum interference effects that arise from the hybridization of metal-based d-orbitals and the ligand-based π-system. By rotating the Cp rings, the hybridization, and thus the quantum interference, can be mechanically controlled, resulting in a conductance modulation that is seen experimentally.<br>

Model Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Suwarno Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
School Effectiveness ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>A</strong><strong>bstract</strong><strong>. </strong>This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model to improve student learning outcomes. This research is important because the lecture learning model makes learning meaningless so it impacts on low learning outcomes. This research uses quasi experiment using control class and experimental class. Respondents in this study were students of class X SMK 8 Semarang Academic Year 2017/2018. Sample selection using random sampling, class X1 is <em>used</em> as a control class and X2 is an experimental class. The experimental class was given an intervention by learning Teams Games Tournaments (TGT), while the control class used lecture learning. The effectiveness of the model was measured by the student test analysis method. then analyzed by completeness test and average difference test. The findings of this study are the learning outcomes of experimental class students achieving better learning outcomes than classes using the lecture method.</p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Learning Model, Teams Games Tournaments (TGT)</em><em>. Students</em></p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Daftar Pustaka</strong></p><p align="center"> </p><p>Bofota, Y. B., &amp; Bofota, Y. B. (2017). <em>The impact of social capital on children educational outcomes : the case of Tanzania The impact of social capital on children educational outcomes : The case of Tanzania</em>.</p><p>Cahuc, P., Shleifer, A., &amp; Algan, Y. (2014). <em>Teaching Practices and Social Capital</em>. (6052).</p><p>Catts, R., &amp; Ozga, J. (2015). <em>What is Social Capital and how might it be used in Scotland ’ s Schools ?</em> (36).</p><p>Flint, N. (2017). <em>Full report Schools , communities and social capital : building blocks in the ’ Big Society ’ Contents</em>.</p><p>Goddard, R. D. (2016). <em>Relational Networks , Social Trust , and Norms : A Social Capital Perspective on Students ’ Chances of Academic Success</em>. <em>25</em>(1), 59–74.</p><p>Eddy Prasongko, 2017. Team Game Tournament. Bandung. Jawa Barat</p><p>Endang Poerwanti, dkk. 2008. <em>Asesmen Pembelajaran SD.</em> Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan Nasional</p><p>Hargreaves, A. (2015). <em>School Social Capital and School Effectiveness</em>. <em>37</em>, 119–136.</p><p>Kurnia, Inggridwati. dkk. 2018. <em>Perkembangan belajar peserta didik</em><em>.</em> Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan Nasional</p><p>Purwanto. M Ngalim. 2015. <em>Psikologi Pendidikan</em>. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya</p><p>Siddiq, M. Djauhar. 2018. <em>Pengembangan Bahan Pembelajaran SD</em>. Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.</p><p>Sugiyono, 2005. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan Rn D, Bandung Aftabeta</p><p>Lash, D., &amp; Belfiore, G. (2017). <em>5 Essentials in Building Social Capital Report 4 of the MyWays Student Success Series</em>. (October).</p><p>Mikiewicz, P., Jonasson, J. T., Gudmundsson, G., Blondal, K. S., &amp; Korczewska, D. M. (2011). <em>Comparative research between Poland and Iceland</em>.</p><p>Schlesselman, L., Borrego, M., Bloom, T. J., Mehta, B., Drobitch, R. K., &amp; Smith, T. (2015). An Assessment Of Service-Learning In 34 US Schools Of Pharmacy Follow Up On The 2001 Professional Affairs Committee Report. <em>American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education</em>, <em>79</em>(8). https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe798116</p><p><em><br /></em></p>

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