Genealogy (and the relationship between opposite-sex/same-sex sibling pairs) is what kinship is all about

Ten years of banding and censusing data from Blue Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) were analyzed with respect to dispersal of juveniles and site fidelity of yearlings and adults. Juvenile females dispersed farther than juvenile males. In sibling pairs of the same sex, brothers settled closer to one another than sisters. In sibling pairs with birds of opposite sex, females dispersed farther than males. Adult males first established territories close to where they had been sighted as yearlings, or nonterritorial adults, and most females returned in spring to the same general area where they had previously nested. Two-year-old females showed less fidelity to breeding sites they had used as yearlings than older females to sites they had used in previous years.

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Effects of Sex and Sex Roles on Avoidance of Same- and Opposite-Sex Touch

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.107 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 107-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

C. B. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Predictive Models ◽

Sex Roles ◽

Interpersonal Relations ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Same Sex ◽

Men And Women ◽

Touch Avoidance ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

The Relationship

Touch and touch avoidance are important facets of interpersonal relations. Touch avoidance has been related to sex, but the relationship between touch and sex roles has not been widely substantiated. 259 undergraduate students participated in a procedure designed to test the relationship between sex, sex roles, and same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Significant differences were reported between men and women on same-sex touch avoidance but not on opposite-sex touch avoidance. Participants high on androgyny reported less same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance than did subjects low on androgyny. No interactive effect between sex and androgyny was found for either same-sex or opposite-sex touch avoidance. Regression procedures indicated predictive models for sex and androgyny in relation to same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Specific conclusions regarding the relationships among sex, androgyny, and touch avoidance were stated.

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The relationship between interpregnancy interval (IP) and mother's preceding pregnancies

10.1101/022111 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Michel C Vernier ◽

Michael Schulzer ◽

Pierre Vernier

Keyword(s):

Fetal Development ◽

Early Life ◽

Positive Association ◽

Negative Association ◽

Interval Length ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Interpregnancy Interval ◽

Same Sex ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

The Relationship

Introduction. Following the investigation of the mother's preceding pregnancies on fetal development and postnatal survival of the neonate, we turned our attention to an earlier period, that is the interval separating the onset of the current pregnancy from the end of the preceding one. The objectives of this study is to investigate the variations of interpregnancy interval length associated to the mother's preceding pregnancies. Methods. A population of 7773 neonates, alive at the time of hospital discharge, were divided into cohorts according to the current neonate's sex and number and sex of the mother's preceding pregnancies. Interpregnancy interval average of each cohort of same neonate's sex and mother's parity, but different configuration of preceding pregnancies, were measured and compared. Results. A positive association was found between mother's preceding pregnancies and length of interpregnancy interval when current pregnancy and preceding pregnancy were of the same sex, and a negative association when they were of opposite sex. Discussion. Interpregnancy interval length follows a pattern regarding the gravida's preceding pregnancy similar to the other early life indicators pattern, birth weight, placenta weight, gestation length and neonatal survival. Our results confirm and complete an immunological explanation of the indicators variations associated to the gravida's preceding pregnancy.

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THE PHENOMENON OF ALIENATION IN CHILDREN-PARENT RELATIONS

Vestnik Universiteta ◽

10.26425/1816-4277-2019-9-190-195 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 190-195

Author(s):

E. Е. Ivanova ◽

Yu. A. Storozheva

Keyword(s):

Educational Strategy ◽

Critical Importance ◽

Same Sex ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

Parent Relationship ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Parent Child Relationships

The main approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of “alienation” have been considered. The causes and dynamics of the emergence of alienation in the child-parent relationship have been investigated. Interconnection of violations in parent-child relationships with the incorrect educational strategy of parents has been revealed. Special attention has been paid to the specificity of manifestations and the nature of alienation in adolescence. It has been supposed about the connection between alienation and style of upbringing of a teenager. The practical part of the article describes the procedure and results of the study on the determination of this connection. The analysis has identified a statistically significant interrelation between alienation and the relationship between parents and children. Critical importance of hypo-care for the formation of teenage alienation has been ascertained. The characteristic of child-parent relations in same-sex and opposite-sex couples child-parent has been made.

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Employee Gender, Gender Similarity, and Supervisor-Subordinate Cross-Evaluations

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1111/j.1471-6402.1984.tb00627.x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 174-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nina Gupta ◽

G. Douglas Jenkins ◽

Terry A. Beehr

Keyword(s):

Analysis Of Variance ◽

The Other ◽

Same Sex ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Supervisor Ratings ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

And Gender ◽

The One ◽

Gender Similarity ◽

The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between employee gender and gender similarity on the one hand and supervisor-subordinate cross-evaluations and subordinate rewards on the other, using a sample of 651 employees from five midwestern organizations. Data were obtained through structured interviews, supervisor ratings of subordinates, and employee personnel records. Two-way analysis of variance results indicated that (a) evaluations of women are more positive than evaluations of men and (b) opposite-sex evaluations tend to be higher than same-sex evaluations, but (c) men subordinates receive more promotions, and same-sex subordinates more pay increases, than do women subordinates and opposite-sex subordinates respectively.

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The Relationship Between Sex and Aggression in Convict Cichlids (Cichlasoma Nigrofasciatum Günther)

Behaviour ◽

10.1163/156853980x00537 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 75 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Michael H. Figler ◽

Harry W. Cole ◽

Harman V.S. Peeke ◽

Frederick J. Parente

Keyword(s):

Sexual Behavior ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Attack Behavior ◽

Aggressive Behaviors ◽

Same Sex ◽

Principle Components Analysis ◽

Convict Cichlids ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

Discriminant Analyses ◽

The Relationship

AbstractC. nigrofasciatum have been widely used as a preparation in the investigation of aggressive (threat/attack) behavior because of their reputation as a highly aggressive species. They have also frequently been used in studies of learning processes, especially habituation. The reproductive and aggressive behaviors of the family Cichlidae have been described extensively, however, the sexual behavior of C. nigrofasciatum has been treated only cursorily. Several investigators have postulated a mutually inhibitory relationship between sex and aggression such that any decrease in the level of one of these motivational states results in an increase in the level of the other. In order to test this hypothesized relationship between sex and aggression, male and female C. nigrofasciatum were exposed to either male or female stimulus fish for 24 consecutive hours. In the present investigation, performance of sexual behavior was found to inhibit performance of aggressive behavior and vice versa. A principle components statistical analysis was performed in order to reduce the number of dependent variables to a smaller number of underlying clusters of variables referred to as factors. The principle components analysis indicated that the data were characterized by two orthogonal factors, the first of which reflected qualitative differences between the sex and aggression variables, suggesting that a mutually inhibitory relationship exists between sex and aggression. Discriminant analyses indicated that females initiate courtship and perform more aggressive behaviors than males, males elicit more aggression than females, opposite sex dyads perform more sexual behaviors than same sex dyads, and same sex dyads perform more aggressive behaviors than opposite sex dyads. Habituation of aggression was demonstrated in all dyads. Significant decrements in sexual behaviors were not observed.

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The Motive to Avoid Success: Exploring the Nature of the Fear

Psychology of Women Quarterly ◽

10.1111/j.1471-6402.1977.tb00554.x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 273-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Phoebe Kazdin Schnitzer

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Female College Students ◽

Same Sex ◽

Personality Variable ◽

Fear Of Success ◽

Male And Female ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The relationship of Horner's (1968) measure of fear of success to the perception of interpersonal relationships is investigated in five samples of male and female college students. In addition to Horner's cue, the different samples wrote stories to a variety of cues describing aspects of same-sex and opposite-sex friendships. Fear-of-success subjects of both sexes significantly more often described dangers, as opposed to pleasures, in opposite-sex relationships. Fear-of-success female subjects significantly more often described same-sex disagreements as destructive of friendships. Results are discussed in terms of sex similarities and differences; the usefulness of fear of success as a cross-sex personality variable is explored.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLACENTAL GROWTH RATES AND THE BIRTH WEIGHT IN DICHORIONIC DIAMNIOTIC TWINS

Medical Science of Ukraine (MSU) ◽

10.32345/2664-4738.3.2021.07 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 66-75

Author(s):

I.V. Tepla

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Same Sex ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

The Relationship

Relevance. Birth weight is one of the main indicators of intrauterine fetal development. The condition of the placenta reflects the influence of the maternal environment on the fetus. It is important to find out which placental growth parameters significantly affect the mass of dichorionic diamniotic (DHDA) twins. Objective: to investigate the relationship between indicators of placental growth and birth weight of dichorionic diamniotic twins. Materials and methods. One hundred thirty-five DCDA twin pairs were studied during 2016-2020: 68 pairs were opposite-sex, 32 – same-sex females and 35 – same-sex males. The gestational age ranged from 29 to 39.5 weeks, averaging 36,4 ± V1,74 weeks. The influence of such parameters as maximum and minimum placental diameters, as well as perimeter, area, circularity (Circ), roundness, thickness, mass (PM), volume (V), displacement of the umbilical cord insertion site from the placental disc centre along its maximum (XCD) and the minimum axis (YCD). Results. A strong positive correlation was found between PM and birth weight in the whole cohort of DCDA twins (r = 0.7059, p < 0.0001). It was strongest in the same-sex female group (r = 0.7886, p < 0.0001), then in the opposite-sex pairs (r = 0.7093, p < 0.0001), slightly weaker – in the same-sex male couples (r = 0.6065, p < 0.0001). The birth weight and PM correlated with almost all indicators that characterize the placental shape. The strongest correlation was with V (rV_BW = 0.66, p < 0.0001; rV_PM = 0.59, p < 0.0001) and the area*Circ (rS*Circ_BW = 0.64; p < 0.0001; rS*Circ_PM = 0.62; p < 0.0001). The multiple regression analysis of the effect of different morphometric parameters of the placentas on the birth weight has demonstrated the statistical significance of the following parameters: XCD, PM, V, YCD and Circ. The general regression model for the whole DCDA group: birth weight = 2242,3 + 0,8*МП + V – 10,0* XCD (R2 = 0,7002). Similar equations were calculated for different types of DCDA tweens. Thus, morphometric measures account for the 67-85% variances of the birth weight of the DCDA tweens. Conclusion. In the DCDA pairs, placental mass strongly positively correlated with birth weight. Both indicators are in strong relationship with V and their area*Circ. The closer the placental shape is to the circle, the higher its functional ability. Deterioration of the latter may be due to the far fixation of the umbilical cord from the center of the placental disc. The displacement along the maximum axis has a stronger impact comparing to the displacement relative to the minimum axis. The multiple regression analysis has revealed that statistical significance had XCD and PM or V in the whole types of twins. Proposed models demonstrate that 67-85% of the variability of birth weight may be accounted for by the three or four simple placental measures

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Influence of the mother's preceding pregnancy on the gestation length of the current pregnancy. An immunological explanation?

10.7287/peerj.preprints.841 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Michel C Vernier ◽

Michael Schulzer ◽

Pierre Vernier

Keyword(s):

Health Indicators ◽

Positive Association ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Fetal Life ◽

Same Sex ◽

Trial Analysis ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

The Relationship ◽

Length Of Gestation

Introduction. A number of epidemiological studies on various diseases have drawn attention to relationships between fetal life events, as measured by health indicators and pathological events later in life. This accounts for the renewed interest in fetal health indicators. The objective of this retrospective study is to investigate the relationship between the sex of conceptuses of the mother’s preceding pregnancies and the gestation length of the current pregnancy. Methods. A population of 7773 neonates were divided into cohorts, according to the sex of the current neonate and number and sex of the mother’s preceding pregnancies. Average gestation lengths for each cohort were measured and compared between different configurations of preceding pregnancies. Results. There a positive association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of same sex as its own. Gestation length increases with the number of conceptuses of same sex among the preceding pregnancies. Likewise, there is a negative association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of opposite sex to its own. Gestation length decreases with the number of conceptuses of opposite sex among the preceding pregnancies. Discussion. The results of our study are compatible with the immunological hypothesis, based on the sex-linked concepto-gravidic antigenic dissimilarity, proposed to explain the association between preceding pregnancy and fetal development. The influence of the preceding pregnancy is significant enough to be taken into account for effective management of current pregnancies as well as for efficient clinical trial analysis.

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Influence of the mother's preceding pregnancy on the gestation length of the current pregnancy. An immunological explanation?

10.7287/peerj.preprints.841v1 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Michel C Vernier ◽

Michael Schulzer ◽

Pierre Vernier

Keyword(s):

Health Indicators ◽

Positive Association ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Gestation Length ◽

Fetal Life ◽

Same Sex ◽

Trial Analysis ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

The Relationship ◽

Length Of Gestation

Introduction. A number of epidemiological studies on various diseases have drawn attention to relationships between fetal life events, as measured by health indicators and pathological events later in life. This accounts for the renewed interest in fetal health indicators. The objective of this retrospective study is to investigate the relationship between the sex of conceptuses of the mother’s preceding pregnancies and the gestation length of the current pregnancy. Methods. A population of 7773 neonates were divided into cohorts, according to the sex of the current neonate and number and sex of the mother’s preceding pregnancies. Average gestation lengths for each cohort were measured and compared between different configurations of preceding pregnancies. Results. There a positive association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of same sex as its own. Gestation length increases with the number of conceptuses of same sex among the preceding pregnancies. Likewise, there is a negative association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of opposite sex to its own. Gestation length decreases with the number of conceptuses of opposite sex among the preceding pregnancies. Discussion. The results of our study are compatible with the immunological hypothesis, based on the sex-linked concepto-gravidic antigenic dissimilarity, proposed to explain the association between preceding pregnancy and fetal development. The influence of the preceding pregnancy is significant enough to be taken into account for effective management of current pregnancies as well as for efficient clinical trial analysis.

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