Effects of Sex and Sex Roles on Avoidance of Same- and Opposite-Sex Touch

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Touch Avoidance ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship

Touch and touch avoidance are important facets of interpersonal relations. Touch avoidance has been related to sex, but the relationship between touch and sex roles has not been widely substantiated. 259 undergraduate students participated in a procedure designed to test the relationship between sex, sex roles, and same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Significant differences were reported between men and women on same-sex touch avoidance but not on opposite-sex touch avoidance. Participants high on androgyny reported less same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance than did subjects low on androgyny. No interactive effect between sex and androgyny was found for either same-sex or opposite-sex touch avoidance. Regression procedures indicated predictive models for sex and androgyny in relation to same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Specific conclusions regarding the relationships among sex, androgyny, and touch avoidance were stated.

Effects of Sex and Sex Roles on Same-Sex Touch

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Behavior ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Touch is an important aspect of nonverbal behavior. Important aspects of the relationship of gender and sex roles with same-sex touch were highlighted. 259 subjects participated in the procedure, yielding a significant difference between men and women on same-sex touch. Further, androgyny was significantly correlated with ratings on the Same-sex Touching Scale. Specific conclusions regarding these findings were discussed.

scholarly journals Sexual unfaithfulness can be judged with some accuracy from men's but not women's faces

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 181552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Zhi Foo ◽  
Antonina Loncarevic ◽  
Leigh W. Simmons ◽  
Clare A. M. Sutherland ◽  
Gillian Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Significance ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Costs ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Facial Masculinity ◽  
Opposite Sex

We routinely make judgements of trustworthiness from the faces of others. However, the accuracy of such judgements remains contentious. An important context for trustworthiness judgements is sexual unfaithfulness. Accuracy in sexual unfaithfulness judgements may be adaptive for avoiding reproductive costs associated with having an unfaithful partner. Indeed, emerging studies suggest that women, and to a lesser degree, men, show above-chance accuracy in judging sexual unfaithfulness from opposite-sex faces. In the context of mate guarding, it is important not only to assess the likelihood of a partner defecting, but also to detect same-sex poachers. Therefore, here, we examine whether individuals can also judge sexual unfaithfulness (self-reported cheating and poaching behaviour) from same-sex faces. We found above-chance accuracy in judgements of unfaithfulness from same-sex faces in men but not women. Conversely, we found above-chance accuracy for opposite-sex faces in women but not men. Therefore, both men and women showed above-chance accuracy, but only for men's, and not women's, faces. Raters were making accurate (above-chance) judgements of unfaithfulness from men's faces using facial masculinity, a well-established signal of propensity to adopt short-term mating strategies. In summary, we found above-chance accuracy in impressions of unfaithfulness from men's faces. Although very modest, the level of accuracy could nevertheless have biological significance as an evolved adaptation for identifying potential cheaters/poachers.

scholarly journals The relationship between interpregnancy interval (IP) and mother's preceding pregnancies

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel C Vernier ◽  
Michael Schulzer ◽  
Pierre Vernier
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Interpregnancy Interval ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Following the investigation of the mother's preceding pregnancies on fetal development and postnatal survival of the neonate, we turned our attention to an earlier period, that is the interval separating the onset of the current pregnancy from the end of the preceding one. The objectives of this study is to investigate the variations of interpregnancy interval length associated to the mother's preceding pregnancies. Methods. A population of 7773 neonates, alive at the time of hospital discharge, were divided into cohorts according to the current neonate's sex and number and sex of the mother's preceding pregnancies. Interpregnancy interval average of each cohort of same neonate's sex and mother's parity, but different configuration of preceding pregnancies, were measured and compared. Results. A positive association was found between mother's preceding pregnancies and length of interpregnancy interval when current pregnancy and preceding pregnancy were of the same sex, and a negative association when they were of opposite sex. Discussion. Interpregnancy interval length follows a pattern regarding the gravida's preceding pregnancy similar to the other early life indicators pattern, birth weight, placenta weight, gestation length and neonatal survival. Our results confirm and complete an immunological explanation of the indicators variations associated to the gravida's preceding pregnancy.

The Evolution of Same-Sex Attraction in Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menelaos Apostolou
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sex Attraction ◽  
Opposite Sex

Abstract. A considerable proportion of the population experiences varying degrees of same-sex attraction. It has been proposed that men exhibit high tolerance to their partner’s same-sex infidelity, which allows such predispositions to exist in a relative high frequency in the population. On this basis, the hypothesis was tested that heterosexual men and women would differ in their tolerance level, with men exhibiting higher tolerance to same-sex infidelity than women. Evidence from an online sample of 590 heterosexual Greek-speaking participants provided strong support for this hypothesis. In particular, the vast majority of women exhibited low tolerance, while about one in two men exhibited high tolerance to same-sex infidelity. Furthermore, men and women exhibited higher tolerance to the same-sex infidelity of their long-term than of their short-term partners, with men exhibiting higher tolerance in the latter case. In addition, women exhibited low tolerance to opposite-sex and same-sex infidelity, but men exhibited low tolerance to opposite-sex infidelity, but much higher tolerance to same-sex infidelity.

Mediation and moderation in ratings of hostile jokes by men and women

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Millicent H. Abel ◽  
Jason Flick
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Mediation And Moderation

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to examine sex differences in enjoyment of hostile jokes targeting men and women with a focus on examining mediation effects of masculinity and femininity and moderation effects of the jokes' offensiveness. These studies continued to support men and women enjoying jokes targeting the opposite sex more so than jokes targeting the same sex. However, in Study 1, masculinity and femininity mediated these differences for men with higher masculinity related to greater enjoyment of the female hostile jokes and higher femininity related to greater enjoyment of the male hostile jokes. Masculinity alone mediated the differences for women with higher masculinity related to greater enjoyment of the female-targeted jokes and yet, no relationship existed with femininity. In Study 2, both men and women rated the female-targeted jokes as more offensive than the male-targeted jokes. A moderation effect for the jokes' offensiveness occurred for women who rated highly offensive male-targeted jokes funnier than highly offensive female-targeted jokes. No effect for offensiveness occurred for men; men rated both offensive female-targeted and male-targeted jokes equally funny even though they rated the female jokes as more offensive.

Neural activation during anticipation of opposite-sex and same-sex faces in heterosexual men and women

NeuroImage ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja N. Spreckelmeyer ◽  
Lena Rademacher ◽  
Frieder M. Paulus ◽  
Gerhard Gründer
Keyword(s):  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Opposite Sex

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF ALIENATION IN CHILDREN-PARENT RELATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
E. Е. Ivanova ◽  
Yu. A. Storozheva
Keyword(s):  
Educational Strategy ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Parent Relationship ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships

The main approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of “alienation” have been considered. The causes and dynamics of the emergence of alienation in the child-parent relationship have been investigated. Interconnection of violations in parent-child relationships with the incorrect educational strategy of parents has been revealed. Special attention has been paid to the specificity of manifestations and the nature of alienation in adolescence. It has been supposed about the connection between alienation and style of upbringing of a teenager. The practical part of the article describes the procedure and results of the study on the determination of this connection. The analysis has identified a statistically significant interrelation between alienation and the relationship between parents and children. Critical importance of hypo-care for the formation of teenage alienation has been ascertained. The characteristic of child-parent relations in same-sex and opposite-sex couples child-parent has been made.

scholarly journals INTRASEXUAL COMPETITION AMONG HUMANS: PROSOCIAL TOWARDS THE OPPOSITE SEX AND PROSELF TOWARDS THE SAME SEX?

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Pajestka
Keyword(s):  
Intrasexual Competition ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Orientation Measurement ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Opposite Sex

In a research conducted on a sample of participants from three countries (N = 256): Poland, Ukraine and Denmark, a hypothesis of the moderating impact of other person sex on the level of social value orientation of men and women was tested. The study applied the now rarely used method of measuring social value orientation: the Warsaw Method, which was expected to reveal more subtle differences between men and women than those observed in the studies using the most popular social value orientation measurement tools, such as decomposed games. The direction of the observed relationship proved to be compatible with the predictions resulting from the phenomenon of intrasexual competition for a partner, however only in the case of men. Men were more prosocial in interaction with women than with other men, and more pro-self- interacting with men rather than women. Similar relationships assumed in the case of women were only partially confirmed: women were more pro-self in interaction with same-sex partners compared to interactions with opposite sex partners (however, the relationship was statistically significant only within the individualistic value orientation), but at the same time they were prosocial (but only within the cooperative value orientation). Keywords: intrasexual competition, social value orientation, sex differences.

Genealogy (and the relationship between opposite-sex/same-sex sibling pairs) is what kinship is all about

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-402
Author(s):  
Carles Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhat are the theoretical implications of a universal genealogy? After the demise of relativism in kinship studies, there is much to be gained by joining old formal-structural analysis of kinship to recent cognitive-evolutionary approaches. This commentary shows how the logic of kinship terminologies, specifically those of the Seneca-Iroquois, can be clarified by looking at the relationship between opposite-sex/same-sex sibling pairs.

scholarly journals Emotional Attitude to Own Appearance and Appearance of the Spouse: Analysis of Relationships with the Relationship of Spouses to Themselves, Others, and the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Vorontsova ◽  
Vera A. Labunskaya
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
History Of ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The study analyzed the relationship of attitudes toward one’s appearance and appearance of the partner with attitude toward the own personality and that of the other persons’ in married men and women. The empirical object of the study included 52 married couples in a registered (26 couples) and unregistered (26 couples) marriage with a duration from 5 months to 26 years (M = 7.31; SD = 6.78). The age of the respondents was 20–45 years old (M = 30.26; SD = 7.31; all are residents of the Russian Federation; Russians). Methods included the following questionnaires: (1) “History of the couples’ relationships”; (2) “Estimated and informative interpretation of one’s appearance and its compliance with gender–age constructs”; (3) “Color test of relationships”; (4) “Method of diagnosing interpersonal relationships”; (5) “Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-Behavior questionnaire”. Empirical data were analyzed with Spearman correlation analysis, Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis H-test. The results were as follows: (1) in men and women the attitude to their appearance is related to the attitude to themselves; attitude to the spouse’s appearance is associated with the attitude to him or her; (2) in women, the assessment of their appearance is related to the attitude to their appearance; in men, the assessment of their appearance is related to the attitude to appearance of their spouses; (3) women’s attitude to their appearance is associated with the need for inclusion, while in the men’s case it is associated with the need for love; (4) men who emotionally reject their mothers are dissatisfied with the appearance of their wives.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document