scholarly journals The relationship between interpregnancy interval (IP) and mother's preceding pregnancies

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel C Vernier ◽  
Michael Schulzer ◽  
Pierre Vernier
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Interval Length ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Interpregnancy Interval ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Following the investigation of the mother's preceding pregnancies on fetal development and postnatal survival of the neonate, we turned our attention to an earlier period, that is the interval separating the onset of the current pregnancy from the end of the preceding one. The objectives of this study is to investigate the variations of interpregnancy interval length associated to the mother's preceding pregnancies. Methods. A population of 7773 neonates, alive at the time of hospital discharge, were divided into cohorts according to the current neonate's sex and number and sex of the mother's preceding pregnancies. Interpregnancy interval average of each cohort of same neonate's sex and mother's parity, but different configuration of preceding pregnancies, were measured and compared. Results. A positive association was found between mother's preceding pregnancies and length of interpregnancy interval when current pregnancy and preceding pregnancy were of the same sex, and a negative association when they were of opposite sex. Discussion. Interpregnancy interval length follows a pattern regarding the gravida's preceding pregnancy similar to the other early life indicators pattern, birth weight, placenta weight, gestation length and neonatal survival. Our results confirm and complete an immunological explanation of the indicators variations associated to the gravida's preceding pregnancy.

scholarly journals Influence of the mother's preceding pregnancy on the gestation length of the current pregnancy. An immunological explanation?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel C Vernier ◽  
Michael Schulzer ◽  
Pierre Vernier
Keyword(s):  
Health Indicators ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Length Of Gestation

Introduction. A number of epidemiological studies on various diseases have drawn attention to relationships between fetal life events, as measured by health indicators and pathological events later in life. This accounts for the renewed interest in fetal health indicators. The objective of this retrospective study is to investigate the relationship between the sex of conceptuses of the mother’s preceding pregnancies and the gestation length of the current pregnancy. Methods. A population of 7773 neonates were divided into cohorts, according to the sex of the current neonate and number and sex of the mother’s preceding pregnancies. Average gestation lengths for each cohort were measured and compared between different configurations of preceding pregnancies. Results. There a positive association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of same sex as its own. Gestation length increases with the number of conceptuses of same sex among the preceding pregnancies. Likewise, there is a negative association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of opposite sex to its own. Gestation length decreases with the number of conceptuses of opposite sex among the preceding pregnancies. Discussion. The results of our study are compatible with the immunological hypothesis, based on the sex-linked concepto-gravidic antigenic dissimilarity, proposed to explain the association between preceding pregnancy and fetal development. The influence of the preceding pregnancy is significant enough to be taken into account for effective management of current pregnancies as well as for efficient clinical trial analysis.

scholarly journals Influence of the mother's preceding pregnancy on the gestation length of the current pregnancy. An immunological explanation?

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel C Vernier ◽  
Michael Schulzer ◽  
Pierre Vernier
Keyword(s):  
Health Indicators ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Trial Analysis ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Length Of Gestation

Introduction. A number of epidemiological studies on various diseases have drawn attention to relationships between fetal life events, as measured by health indicators and pathological events later in life. This accounts for the renewed interest in fetal health indicators. The objective of this retrospective study is to investigate the relationship between the sex of conceptuses of the mother’s preceding pregnancies and the gestation length of the current pregnancy. Methods. A population of 7773 neonates were divided into cohorts, according to the sex of the current neonate and number and sex of the mother’s preceding pregnancies. Average gestation lengths for each cohort were measured and compared between different configurations of preceding pregnancies. Results. There a positive association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of same sex as its own. Gestation length increases with the number of conceptuses of same sex among the preceding pregnancies. Likewise, there is a negative association between the length of gestation of the neonate and its mother’s preceding pregnancies of opposite sex to its own. Gestation length decreases with the number of conceptuses of opposite sex among the preceding pregnancies. Discussion. The results of our study are compatible with the immunological hypothesis, based on the sex-linked concepto-gravidic antigenic dissimilarity, proposed to explain the association between preceding pregnancy and fetal development. The influence of the preceding pregnancy is significant enough to be taken into account for effective management of current pregnancies as well as for efficient clinical trial analysis.

scholarly journals Exposure to Famine During Early Life and Abdominal Obesity in Adulthood: Findings from the Great Chinese Famine During 1959–1961

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Dong-mei Yu ◽  
Li-yun Zhao ◽  
Hong-yun Fang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Famine Exposure ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

Undernutrition during early life may lead to obesity in adulthood. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between famine exposure during early life and the risk of abdominal obesity in adulthood. A total of 18,984 and 16,594 adults were surveyed in 2002 and 2010–2012 in two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys, namely China Nutrition and Health Survey, respectively. The risk of abdominal obesity was evaluated for participants born during 1956–1961 and compared with that of participants born during 1962–1964. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity in adulthood showed a positive association with famine exposure during early life. The odds ratios of famine exposure were 1.31 (1.19–1.44) and 1.28 (1.17–1.40) in 2002 during fetal life and infancy and 1.09 (1.00–1.19) in 2012 during fetal life, respectively. The relationships between famine exposure and abdominal obesity across the famine exposure groups were distinct among females and those who lived in urban areas and were physical inactive (p < 0.05). Exposure to famine during early life was associated with increased risks of abdominal obesity in adulthood, which was partially alleviated by healthy lifestyle factors (e.g., physical activity).

Effects of Sex and Sex Roles on Avoidance of Same- and Opposite-Sex Touch

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Sex Roles ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Touch Avoidance ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship

Touch and touch avoidance are important facets of interpersonal relations. Touch avoidance has been related to sex, but the relationship between touch and sex roles has not been widely substantiated. 259 undergraduate students participated in a procedure designed to test the relationship between sex, sex roles, and same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Significant differences were reported between men and women on same-sex touch avoidance but not on opposite-sex touch avoidance. Participants high on androgyny reported less same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance than did subjects low on androgyny. No interactive effect between sex and androgyny was found for either same-sex or opposite-sex touch avoidance. Regression procedures indicated predictive models for sex and androgyny in relation to same-sex and opposite-sex touch avoidance. Specific conclusions regarding the relationships among sex, androgyny, and touch avoidance were stated.

scholarly journals Fighting over defence chemicals disrupts mating behaviour

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Catherine Paul ◽  
Caroline Müller
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Contest Behaviour ◽  
Fighting Behaviour

AbstractStudies on intraspecific contest behaviour predominantly focus on contests between individuals of the same sex, however contest behaviour is also expected to occur between individuals of the opposite sex including possible mates. Here we investigate potential trade-offs between mating and fighting behaviour in the turnip sawfly (Athalia rosae). Adults of this species collect chemical defence compounds (clerodanoids) directly from plants but also indirectly by nibbling on conspecifics that have already obtained clerodanoids themselves, a highly aggressive behavioural interaction. An A. rosae individual without clerodanoids may therefore be the potential mate or attacker of an individual of the opposite sex that has gained clerodanoids. We paired males and females with or without clerodanoid access and manipulated body mass differences between the sexes via the early life starvation of females. We show that asymmetrical clerodanoid acquisition between male-female pairs causes an increase in agonistic nibbling behaviour, irrespective of sex. Moreover, fighting over clerodanoids disrupted mating behaviour, and the frequency of aggressive nibbling behaviour in these pairs was determined by the comparative body mass of the attacking individual. Our study highlights the vital importance of investigating agonistic intersex interactions not only over mating but also over resources.

scholarly journals Common and Specific Associations of Anti-SSA/Ro60 and Anti-Ro52/TRIM21 Antibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Menéndez ◽  
Jesús Gómez ◽  
Luis Caminal-Montero ◽  
José Bernardino Díaz-López ◽  
Iván Cabezas-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
The Relationship

Little information exists about the association of anti-SSA/Ro60 and anti-Ro52/TRIM21 with systemic lupus erytematosus (SLE) features. In this work, we analysed the associations of both anti-Ro reactivities with clinical and immunological manifestations in 141 SLE patients. Photosensitivity and xerophtalmia/xerostomia were found to be positively associated with both anti-SSA/Ro60 (P=0.024andP=0.019, resp.) and anti-Ro52/TRIM21 (P=0.026andP=0.022, resp.). In contrast, a negative association was detected regarding anti-phospholipid antibodies, anti-SSA/Ro60 having a stronger effect (P=0.014) than anti-Ro52/TRIM21. Anti-SSA/Ro60 showed a specific positive association with hypocomplementemia (P=0.041), mainly with low C4 levels (P=0.008), whereas anti-Ro52/TRIM21 was found to be positively associated with Raynaud’s phenomenon (P=0.026) and cytopenia (P=0.048) and negatively associated with anti-dsDNA (P=0.013). Lymphocytes are involved in the relationship between anti-Ro52/TRIM21 and cytopenia since positive patients showed lower cell levels than negative patients (P=0.036). In conclusion, anti-SSA/Ro60 and anti-Ro52/TRIM21 showed both common and specific associations in SLE. These data thus increase evidence of the different associations of the two anti-Ro specificities even in a particular disease.

scholarly journals THE PHENOMENON OF ALIENATION IN CHILDREN-PARENT RELATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
E. Е. Ivanova ◽  
Yu. A. Storozheva
Keyword(s):  
Educational Strategy ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Parent Relationship ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parent Child Relationships

The main approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of “alienation” have been considered. The causes and dynamics of the emergence of alienation in the child-parent relationship have been investigated. Interconnection of violations in parent-child relationships with the incorrect educational strategy of parents has been revealed. Special attention has been paid to the specificity of manifestations and the nature of alienation in adolescence. It has been supposed about the connection between alienation and style of upbringing of a teenager. The practical part of the article describes the procedure and results of the study on the determination of this connection. The analysis has identified a statistically significant interrelation between alienation and the relationship between parents and children. Critical importance of hypo-care for the formation of teenage alienation has been ascertained. The characteristic of child-parent relations in same-sex and opposite-sex couples child-parent has been made.

Genealogy (and the relationship between opposite-sex/same-sex sibling pairs) is what kinship is all about

2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-402
Author(s):  
Carles Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sibling Pairs ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhat are the theoretical implications of a universal genealogy? After the demise of relativism in kinship studies, there is much to be gained by joining old formal-structural analysis of kinship to recent cognitive-evolutionary approaches. This commentary shows how the logic of kinship terminologies, specifically those of the Seneca-Iroquois, can be clarified by looking at the relationship between opposite-sex/same-sex sibling pairs.

scholarly journals Early-life mortality risks in opposite-sex and same-sex twins: a Danish cohort study of the twin testosterone transfer hypothesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-120.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Juel Ahrenfeldt ◽  
Lisbeth Aagaard Larsen ◽  
Rune Lindahl-Jacobsen ◽  
Axel Skytthe ◽  
Jacob v.B. Hjelmborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Mortality Risks ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Danish Cohort

scholarly journals Growth, Pollution, and Life Expectancy: China from 1991–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham Ebenstein ◽  
Maoyong Fan ◽  
Michael Greenstone ◽  
Guojun He ◽  
Peng Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between income, pollution, and mortality in China from 1991-2012. Using first-difference models, we document a robust positive association between city-level GDP and life expectancy. We also find a negative association between city-level particulate air pollution exposure and life expectancy that is driven by elevated cardiorespiratory mortality rates. The results suggest that while China's unprecedented economic growth over the last two decades is associated with health improvements, pollution has served as a countervailing force.

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