scholarly journals Economic Issues in the Composting of Sewage Sludges

1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-262
Author(s):  
Victor Kasper ◽  
Donn Derr
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Fish Kills ◽  
Inexpensive Method ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
Algae Blooms ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Ocean Dumping

In the northeast, communities have been faced with a variety of waste management problems brought about by population concentrations and higher consumption levels. One waste that has been receiving increased attention is sewage sludge generated by municipal waste treatment plants. Although alternative sludge treatment technologies are available, a number of municipalities have been ocean dumping. For example, in New Jersey it has been estimated that of the 230,000 dry tons of sludge produced annually, nearly two-thirds is being ocean dumped (Bolan et al.). Although ocean dumping is a relatively inexpensive method from the viewpoint of the municipality, it has become costly in terms of ocean and coastal resources (Colacicco et al., U.S. Department of Commerce). As a result of contaminated beaches, algae blooms, and fish kills (1976 and 1977) legislation was passed in 1977 to stop the ocean dumping of sludge by December 31, 1981 (U.S. Congress, 1977).

Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies and Environment

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ja´n Horva´th ◽  
Dusan Krasny
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Radioactive Waste Management ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Radioactive Waste Treatment

The radioactive waste treatment and conditioning are the most important steps in radioactive waste management. At the Slovak Electric, plc, a range of technologies are used for the processing of radioactive waste into a form suitable for disposal in near surface repository. These technologies operated by JAVYS, PLc. Nuclear and Decommissioning Company, PLc. Jaslovske´ Bohunice are described. Main accent is given to the Bohunice Radwaste Treatment and Conditioning Centre, Bituminization plant, Vitrification plant, and Near surface repository of radioactive waste in Mochovce and their operation. Conclusions to safe and effective management of radioactive waste in the Slovak Republic are presented.

scholarly journals Prospects for environmentally safe mechanical biological treatment of municipal solid waste in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Yuliia Makovetska ◽  
Tetiana Omelianenko ◽  
Alla Omelchenko
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biological Waste Treatment

Improving waste management is currently one of the priorities for Ukraine in the environmental safety. EU experience in the use of mechanical biological waste treatment technologies should be applied now in connection with the development and implementation of Regional Waste Management Plans in Ukrainian regions. The aim of the paper is to analyse the benefits and the preconditions of using mechanical biological waste treatment technologies in Ukraine, as well as barriers that may hinder the construction of mechanical biological waste treatment plants. The analysis of the eight drafts of the Regional Waste Management Plans showed that the mechanical biological waste treatment technologies market is free in Ukraine and the best option for the regions where there are cement plants operating is production of solid recovered fuel. Such types of projects could be affordable for Ukrainians with the cost recovery period more than 8 years. On the other hand there are significant obstacles of economic, organizational and technological nature to their immediate implementation i.e. low rates on waste disposal tax, partly compliance on air emissions monitoring system, absence of necessary standards etc. The priority actions to speed up mechanical biological waste treatment technologies implementation have been defined.

Sustainable sludge treatment: dilemmas in future research and development

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Rulkens
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
High Treatment

Sewage sludge is a serious problem due to the high treatment costs and the risks to environment and human health. Looking to the future the question arises of which sludge research and development issues are most important. Based on a brief evaluation of current sludge treatment systems and research results it can be concluded that land application of sewage sludge remains one of the most attractive options. However, more research into the health risks is necessary to make this method worldwide more acceptable. Recovery of energy from sludge is becoming more and more attractive. High thermal processes are interesting if sludge does not satisfy the guidelines for land application. Integration of these high thermal processes with existing industrial activities or other thermal waste treatment processes can be very attractive. Research into dewatering and drying can make the energy recovery more efficient. Processes for recovery of valuable products from sludge such as aquatic worms and P-compounds are potentially very attractive but their feasibility strongly depends on the marketing and market value of these products. It is expected that supercritical sludge treatment and direct production of electricity require still a long research and development path.

scholarly journals Medical Waste Treatment Technologies for Energy, Fuels, and Materials Production: A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8065
Author(s):  
Georgios Giakoumakis ◽  
Dorothea Politi ◽  
Dimitrios Sidiras
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Enzymatic Oxidation ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Medical Waste Management

The importance of medical waste management has grown during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increase in medical waste quantity and the significant dangers of these highly infected wastes for human health and the environment. This innovative review focuses on the possibility of materials, gas/liquid/solid fuels, thermal energy, and electric power production from medical waste fractions. Appropriate and promising treatment/disposal technologies, such as (i) acid hydrolysis, (ii) acid/enzymatic hydrolysis, (iii) anaerobic digestion, (vi) autoclaving, (v) enzymatic oxidation, (vi) hydrothermal carbonization/treatment, (vii) incineration/steam heat recovery system, (viii) pyrolysis/Rankine cycle, (ix) rotary kiln treatment, (x) microwave/steam sterilization, (xi) plasma gasification/melting, (xii) sulfonation, (xiii) batch reactor thermal cracking, and (xiv) torrefaction, were investigated. The medical waste generation data were collected according to numerous researchers from various countries, and divided into gross medical waste and hazardous medical waste. Moreover, the medical wastes were separated into categories and types according to the international literature and the medical waste fractions’ percentages were estimated. The capability of the examined medical waste treatment technologies to produce energy, fuels, and materials, and eliminate the medical waste management problem, was very promising with regard to the near future.

Production of fuels on the basis of sewage sludge through conditioning using high calorific value fractions

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Georg Schmelz ◽  
Anja Reipa ◽  
Hartmut Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fine Coal ◽  
Used Cars ◽  
Plastic Components

Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband operate 59 wastewater treatment plants which produce approx. 100,000 Mg TS of sewage sludge each year. Using sludge pressure pipelines, about 60 % of this sludge are transported to the central sludge treatment plant in Bottrop. The digested sludges are conditioned using fine coal and polymers and are dewatered using membrane filters. By adding coal, the heating value of the sludge is raised which enables autothermal combustion of the dewatered sludges in fluidised bed furnaces at the central sludge treatment plant. In order to replace coal, a fossil fuel, as conditioning agent, experiments were conducted using alternative materials with high heating values. The addition of shredder fluff agglomerates proved to be particularly successful. Shredder fluff agglomerates are a residue from the recycling of used cars and are generated in a multistage process (e.g. Volkswagen-SiCon Process) by separating the light shredder fraction (plastic components etc.) from the total shredder fluff. The fibrous material is outstandingly suitable for improving the dewaterability and for sufficiently raising the heating value of the dewatered sludge in order to enable autothermal combustion. Since first experiments showed very positive results, a full-scale long-term test-run will take place in 2007.

Comparison of sewage sludge treatment systems for regions with hot climate

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petia Mijaylova Nacheva ◽  
G. Moeller-Chávez ◽  
E. Ramírez-Camperos ◽  
L. Cardoso-Vigueros
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Aerobic Stabilization ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment ◽  
High Pathogenic

The tropical regions have specific problems associated with high pathogenic density in the sewage sludge. The aim of this study was to select an adequate sludge stabilization and valorization system comparing the performance of four technologies: anaerobic stabilization without heating, aerobic stabilization, alkaline treatment with lime and aerobic composting. The study was performed in a pilot plant which was built and operated during six months. The main problem for the beneficial use of the sludge was its pathogenicity. All the systems allowed obtaining stabilized products which met the bacteriological criteria for some kind of use. The compost and the alkalinized sludge were bacteriologically safe for use without restrictions in accordance with the Mexican regulations. The accomplishment of the parasitological criteria for use was however impossible with the anaerobic and with the aerobic systems. The compost obtained at 55-60°C with 25d aeration time and the alkaline sludge fulfill the criteria established by for forest and agriculture use and for soil conditioning. The composting could reach the requirements for unrestricted use when operated at temperatures 65-70°C during 45 days which makes it the most adequate sludge treatment system for hot climate regions.

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