scholarly journals 2.3.4 Extraterrestrial Particles in the Stratosphere

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
D.E. Brownlee ◽  
D.A. Tomandl ◽  
P.W. Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sampling Volume ◽  
Balloon Experiments

Over the past several years we have collected 2µm to 30µm particles from the stratosphere using high volume air sampling techniques. In 1970 and 1971 we flew balloon experiments to 34 km, sampling particles from 1.1 × 104 m3 of ambient air. Beginning in March 1974 we have flown 100 hours of sampling time on a NASA U-2 aircraft yielding a sampling volume of 9.3 × 104 m3. In both programs particles are collected by inertial deposition from a 200 ms−1 airstream on to clean surfaces coated with thick films of 500,000 centistokes silicone oil.

Comparison of high volume sampling techniques for dioxins and furans in ambient air

Chemosphere ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tashiro ◽  
R.E. Clement ◽  
A. Szakolcai ◽  
W.H. Chan
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Dioxins And Furans

Assessments of ambient air sampling techniques for collecting airborne polyhalogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF) and biphenyls (PCB)

Chemosphere ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Wagel ◽  
T.O. Tiernan ◽  
M.L. Taylor ◽  
J.H. Garrett ◽  
G.F. VanNess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Sampling ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Sampling Techniques

Sampling, Preservation and Counting of Samples II: Zooplankton

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Wiebe ◽  
Ann Bucklin ◽  
Mark Benfield
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Sample Preservation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plankton Collection

This chapter reviews traditional and new zooplankton sampling techniques, sample preservation, and sample analysis, and provides the sources where in-depth discussion of these topics is addressed. The net systems that have been developed over the past 100+ years, many of which are still in use today, can be categorized into eight groups: non-opening/closing nets, simple opening/closing nets, high-speed samplers, neuston samplers, planktobenthos plankton nets, closing cod-end samplers, multiple net systems, and moored plankton collection systems. Methods of sample preservation include preservation for sample enumeration and taxonomic morphological analysis, and preservation of samples for genetic analysis. Methods of analysis of zooplankton samples include determination of biomass, taxonomic composition, and size by traditional methods; and genetic analysis of zooplankton samples.

scholarly journals The Resolution of International Commercial Disputes – What Role (if any) for Continental Europe?

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Giesela Rühl
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
National Level ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Commercial Courts

The past sixteen years have witnessed the proliferation of international commercial courts around the world. However, up until recently, this was largely an Asian and a Middle Eastern phenomenon. Only during the past decade have Continental European countries, notably Germany, France and the Netherlands, joined the bandwagon and started to create new judicial bodies for international commercial cases. Driven by the desire to attract high-volume commercial litigation, these bodies try to offer international businesses a better dispute settlement framework. But what are their chances of success? Will more international litigants decide to settle their disputes in these countries? In this essay, I argue that, despite its recently displayed activism, Continental Europe lags behind on international commercial courts. In fact, although the various European initiatives are laudable, most cannot compete with the traditional market leaders, especially the London Commercial Court, or with new rivals in Asia and the Middle East. If Continental Europe wants a role in the international litigation market, it must embrace more radical change. And this change will most likely have to happen on the European––not the national––level.

scholarly journals The emergence of coercive federal Australian labour law, 1901–2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 002218562110039
Author(s):  
Eugene Schofield-Georgeson
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Relations ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Union Power ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Industrial Environment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
Employment Legislation

Over the past two decades, industrial relations scholarship has observed a trend towards an increasingly punitive industrial environment along with the ‘re-regulation’ of labour law. Absent from much of this literature, however, has been an empirical and historical measurement or comparison of the scale and quality of this systemic change. By surveying coercive and penal federal industrial legislation over the period 1901–2020, this study shows empirically that over the last 40 years, there has been a steep increase in the amount of coercive federal labour legislation in Australia. It further measures and compares the volume of coercive labour legislation enacted specifically against ‘labour’ and ‘capital’ or both throughout the same period (1901–2020). Analysis reveals a correlation between a high volume of coercive labour legislation with low levels of trade union power and organisation. Argued here is that coercive labour legislation has been crucial to transitioning from a liberal conciliation and arbitration model of Australian industrial relations towards a neoliberal framework of employment legislation. In the former, regulation was more collective, informal and egalitarian (embodied by the sociological concept of ‘associative democracy’). Under a neoliberal framework, regulation is now more individualised, technical, punitive and rarely enforced, resulting in less equal material outcomes.

The use of Whatman-41 filters for high volume air sampling

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E. Neustadter ◽  
S.M. Sidik ◽  
R.B. King ◽  
J.S. Fordyce ◽  
J.C. Burr
Keyword(s):  
Air Sampling ◽  
High Volume

scholarly journals Regional Scale Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Air Quality: Gaseous Pollutants in the Po Valley, Northern Italy

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Lonati ◽  
Federico Riva
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Traffic Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Concentration Levels

The impact of the reduced atmospheric emissions due to the COVID-19 lockdown on ambient air quality in the Po Valley of Northern Italy was assessed for gaseous pollutants (NO2, benzene, ammonia) based on data collected at the monitoring stations distributed all over the area. Concentration data for each month of the first semester of 2020 were compared with those of the previous six years, on monthly, daily, and hourly bases, so that pre, during, and post-lockdown conditions of air quality could be separately analyzed. The results show that, as in many other areas worldwide, the Po Valley experienced better air quality during 2020 spring months for NO2 and benzene. In agreement with the reductions of nitrogen oxides and benzene emissions from road traffic, estimated to be −35% compared to the regional average, the monthly mean concentration levels for 2020 showed reductions in the −40% to −35% range compared with the previous years, but with higher reductions, close to −50%, at high-volume-traffic sites in urban areas. Conversely, NH3 ambient concentration levels, almost entirely due the emissions of the agricultural sector, did not show any relevant change, even at high-volume-traffic sites in urban areas. These results point out the important role of traffic emissions in NO2 and benzene ambient levels in the Po Valley, and confirm that this region is a rather homogeneous air basin with urban area hot-spots, the contributions of which add up to a relatively high regional background concentration level. Additionally, the relatively slow response of the air quality levels to the sudden decrease of the emissions due to the lockdown shows that this region is characterized by a weak exchange of the air masses that favors both the build-up of atmospheric pollutants and the development of secondary formation processes. Thus, air quality control strategies should aim for structural interventions intended to reduce traffic emissions at the regional scale and not only in the largest urban areas.

scholarly journals Outdoor PM2.5, Ambient Air Temperature, and Asthma Symptoms in the Past 14 Days among Adults with Active Asthma

10.1289/ehp92 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (12) ◽  
pp. 1882-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Mirabelli ◽  
Ambarish Vaidyanathan ◽  
W. Dana Flanders ◽  
Xiaoting Qin ◽  
Paul Garbe
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The Past ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature

Pollution Level and Distribution of PCDD/PCDF Congeners between Gas Phase and Particulate Phase in early Spring Air of Dalian, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2679-2682
Author(s):  
Xiu Hua Zhu ◽  
Song Tao Qin ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Yu Wen Ni ◽  
Ji Ping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
International Standard

Ambient air of Dalian was sampled with active high-volume air samplers in early spring time. The concentrations and the congeners between gas phase and particulate phase of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs) in the air were measured. Samples analysis results showed that the concentration of PCDD/Fs in particulate phase was higher than that in gas phase. The ratio of PCDD to PCDF in gaseous phase and particulate phase was lower than 0.4. The main sources of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in Dalian early spring season were coal-related source. The total I-TEQ in gaseous phase and particulate phase was 30.3 and 143.6 fg m-3, respectively. The I-TEQ of Dalian early spring atmosphere was lower than international standard, the atmospheric quality in Dalian was better.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document