scholarly journals The LDEF Interplanetary Dust Experiment

1985 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
S.F. Singer ◽  
J.E. Stanley ◽  
P. Kassel
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Particle Energy ◽  
Meteor Streams ◽  
Space Shuttle Challenger ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
Types Of Information

The Long Duration Exposure Facility was launched for the first time on April 6, 1984 by the NASA space shuttle Challenger. An array of solid-state detectors record the arrival time and approximate direction of an impacting particle. Two levels of detector sensitivity provide an indication of particle energy and mass. The active area is nearly 1 m2. We therefore expect count rates of about 30 per day over an exposure time of about a year. The orbit of the particle cannot be obtained, except statistically. We know the orientation of the detector, the position of LDEF in earth orbit, and the position of the earth in relation to other celestial bodies. From this information we can extract essential orbit information.An earlier flight on the Explorer 46 satellite gave first evidence of the existence of submicron-sized particles, mostly associated with fresh meteor streams. We hope to obtain more precise data and estimate lifetimes in interplanetary space.To study the fate and origin of IP (interplanetary) dust, we measure various kinds of time variations. Among the most interesting is the secular variation, i.e., the flux in various meteor streams, as a function of the passage of a comet.One of the challenging problems will be to distinguish IP dust from man-made space debris. The separation will depend on knowing something of the orbits of debris. Probably more important will be the chemical analysis of the particles. The two types of information are in a sense complementary.

scholarly journals 31. The interplanetary dust cloud (survey paper)

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 323-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Present State ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Dust Cloud ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Cosmic Dust ◽  
Magnitude Distribution ◽  
Meteor Streams ◽  
Survey Paper ◽  
Observational Techniques

The first part of the paper reviews the present state of knowledge of the characteristics of cosmic dust in interplanetary space. Since this is derived from a variety of observational techniques, some attempt is made critically to assess the difficulties in interpretation, particularly those due to differences in observational selection. Attention is drawn to the doubts that recently have arisen concerning the existence of a terrestrial dust cloud. The second part describes some radio investigations of the structure of meteor streams and of the sporadic background. Systematic variations in magnitude distribution with solar longitude which are observed in both the Geminids and Perseids cannot be simply interpreted as due to selective perturbation of the smaller meteoroids. Experimental data are described which point to the existence of considerable radiant structure in the sporadic background.

Long duration exposure facility (LDEF) interplanetary dust experiment (IDE) impact detector results

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Oliver ◽  
Charles G. Simon ◽  
William J. Cooke ◽  
S. F. Singer ◽  
Jerry L. Weinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Impact Detector

scholarly journals Method for the Determination of Density and Phase Functions of Interplanetary Dust

1980 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
A. Mujica ◽  
G. Lôpez ◽  
F. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Unit Volume ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Scattered Light Intensity ◽  
Zodiacal Light ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Phase Functions

SummaryA method of determination of the scattered light intensity, , by a unit-volume of interplanetary space is presented. From ground base Zodiacal Light measurements and the experimental results of Pioneer X the density, ρ(r), and phase, σ(θ), functions are obtained without any previous assumptions about them.

scholarly journals In-Situ Exploration of Dust in the Solar System and Initial Results from the Galileo Dust Detector

1991 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
E. Grün ◽  
H. Fechtig ◽  
M. S. Hanner ◽  
J. Kissel ◽  
B.-A. Lindblad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Dust Flux ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Low Mass

AbstractIn-situ measurements of interplanetary dust have been performed in the heliocentric distance range from 0.3 AU out to 18 AU. Due to their small sensitive areas (typically 0.01 m2for the highly sensitive impact ionization sensors) or low mass sensitivities (≥10−9g of the large area penetration detectors) previous instruments recorded only a few 100 impacts during their lifetimes. Nevertheless, important information on the distribution of dust in interplanetary space has been obtained between 0.3 and 18 AU distance from the Sun. The Galileo dust detector combines the high mass sensitivity of impact ionization detectors (10−15g) together with a large sensitive area (0.1 m2). The Galileo spacecraft was launched on October 18, 1989 and is on its solar system cruise towards Jupiter. Initial measurements of the dust flux from 0.7 to 1.2 AU are presented.

The Columbia Disaster

2011 ◽  
pp. 251-271
Author(s):  
Ruth Guthrie ◽  
Conrad Shayo
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Space Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Space Shuttle Challenger ◽  
Space Programs ◽  
Engineering Information ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Space Shuttle Columbia ◽  
The Universe

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a government organization, founded to explore space to better understand our own planet and the universe around us. Over NASA’s history, there have been unprecedented successes: Apollo missions that put people into space and walking on the moon, the remarkable findings of the Hubble space telescope and the Space Shuttle Program, allowing astronauts to perform scientific experiments in orbit from are usable space vehicle. NASA continues to be a source of national wonder and pride for the United States and the world. However, NASA has failures too. In February of 2002, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated as it returned to Earth. This event occurred 16 years after the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded during take-off. As information was collected, investigators found that many of the problems uncovered during the Challenger investigation were also factors for Columbia. Underlying both disasters was the problem of relaying complex engineering information to management, in an environment driven by schedule and budget pressure. Once again, NASA is looking at ways to better manage space programs in an environment of limited resources.

Making media work in space: an interdisciplinary perspective on media and communication requirements for current and future space communities

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Babidge ◽  
J. Cokley ◽  
F. Gordon ◽  
E. Louw
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Future Space ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Work ◽  
Group Attributes

As humans expand into space communities will form. These have already begun to form in small ways, such as long-duration missions on the International Space Station and the space shuttle, and small-scale tourist excursions into space. Social, behavioural and communications data emerging from such existing communities in space suggest that the physically-bounded, work-oriented and traditionally male-dominated nature of these extremely remote groups present specific problems for the resident astronauts, groups of them viewed as ‘communities’, and their associated groups who remain on Earth, including mission controllers, management and astronauts’ families. Notionally feminine group attributes such as adaptive competence, social adaptation skills and social sensitivity will be crucial to the viability of space communities and in the absence of gender equity, ‘staying in touch’ by means of ‘news from home’ becomes more important than ever. A template of news and media forms and technologies is suggested to service those needs and enhance the social viability of future terraforming activities.

scholarly journals Dust Around Young Stars: How Related to Solar System Dust?

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 351-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha S. Hanner
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Circumstellar Disks ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Interplanetary Dust Particles ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Dust Disks

Study of the dust in circumstellar disks around young stars is currently an extremely active area in astronomy. There is little doubt that accretion disks are a natural part of protostellar evolution. Much recent observational and theoretical work is giving us a clearer picture of the physical conditions in dust disks and their evolutionary progression. IRAS observations revealed that many main-sequence stars, such as p Pictoris, have circumstellar disks. But whether these disks are related to planetary formation is not yet understood.A portion of the dust in disks around young stars ultimately may be incorporated into planetary systems. Thus, study of the dust in our own solar system complements the remote sensing of protostellar regions and aids in reconstructing the evolutionary history of the dust. Since comets formed in the cold outer regions of the solar nebula, they may contain intact interstellar grains. As the comets lose material during passage through the warm inner solar system, some of these grains will be released into interplanetary space. Technical advances now allow analysis of individual micrometer or smaller grains in interplanetary dust particles and primitive meteorite samples. Isotopic anomalies and patterns of crystal growth in these particles are yielding tantalizing clues about the interstellar material incorporated into these solar system samples.

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