Smoking Among A Sample Of Australian Teenagers: Perceptions Of Social And Health Consequences

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Frances V. O'Callaghan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Important Implication ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Persuasive Communications ◽  
National Prevalence

AbstractAustralian national prevalence studies indicate that despite reductions in rates of smoking among younger secondary students, the proportion of smokers among older students remains unchanged in recent years and figures overall give cause for serious concern. This study examines the beliefs underlying adolescents' behaviour in relation to smoking and provides information about which beliefs should be targeted in persuasive communications designed to reduce adolescent smoking. One hundred and thirty adolescents in their second last year of high school were surveyed and results revealed that smokers were largely differentiated from others in relation to the perceived social consequences of smoking. They endorsed the beliefs that smoking would make them feel relaxed, gain personal enjoyment, look cool, and help with weight loss rather than beliefs regarding the health consequences. An important implication of the findings is that interventions may need to focus more on the perceived positive consequences of smoking, on changing social norms by correcting false beliefs about smoking prevalence and consequences, and by incorporating more skills-based components in prevention programs.

Loneliness in Malta: Findings from the first National Prevalence Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110201
Author(s):  
Marilyn Clark ◽  
Jamie Bonnici ◽  
Andrew Azzopardi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Mortgage Payment ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Mental And Physical Health ◽  
National Prevalence

Loneliness has been examined by an increasing number of scholars, being implicated in numerous detrimental outcomes for mental and physical health. However, most loneliness prevalence studies have focused on particular age groups, thus overlooking how loneliness differs across the lifespan. This study assessed loneliness prevalence in a nationally representative sample ( n = 1,009) of the Maltese population aged 11 years and above using the 11-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, while also identifying associations between loneliness and sociodemographic factors. Results demonstrate that 43.5% of the Maltese population experiences some form of loneliness. The association between loneliness and age demonstrates a nonlinear relationship, with elevated loneliness rates among adolescents, which decrease slightly in early adulthood, before slowly increasing from age 35 onward. Loneliness is also significantly associated with education level, employment status, household composition, mortgage payment status, perception of income, presence of a disability, active citizenship, as well as self-rated physical health, coping ability, and subjective wellbeing. These findings indicate that loneliness is experienced in significant rates across the lifespan, and intervention efforts should be targeted toward individuals of all ages.

scholarly journals The Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Psycho-Social Well-Being: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110018
Author(s):  
Sarah O’Neill ◽  
Christina Pallitto
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Female Genital

The health consequences of female genital mutilation (FGM) have been described previously; however, evidence of the social consequences is more intangible. To date, few systematic reviews have addressed the impact of the practice on psycho-social well-being, and there is limited understanding of what these consequences might consist. To complement knowledge on the known health consequences, this article systematically reviewed qualitative evidence of the psycho-social impact of FGM in countries where it is originally practiced (Africa, the Middle East, and Asia) and in countries of the diaspora. Twenty-three qualitative studies describing the psycho-social impact of FGM on women’s lives were selected after screening. This review provides a framework for understanding the less visible ways in which women and girls with FGM experience adverse effects that may affect their sense of identity, their self-esteem, and well-being as well as their participation in society.

scholarly journals Considerations for the Optimal Timing, Duration, Frequency, and Length of an Intermittent Fasting Regimen for Health Improvement

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2567
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Western Nations

Newer, better approaches to weight loss continue to spark the interest of vast numbers of people, especially in Western nations, as they search out solutions to increasingly elevated rates of obesity, the health consequences of that obesity, and the often unspoken but financially prescient cosmetic implications of obesity that drive the billion-dollar weight loss and diet control industry [...]

Gambling in the Mist of Economic Crisis: Results From Three National Prevalence Studies From Iceland

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Thor Olason ◽  
Tobias Hayer ◽  
Tim Brosowski ◽  
Gerhard Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
National Prevalence

Importance of the Surveillance Method: National Prevalence Studies on Nosocomial Infections and the Limits of Comparison

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Gastmeier ◽  
Günter Kampf ◽  
Nicoletta Wischnewski ◽  
Martin Schumacher ◽  
Franz Daschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Surveillance Method ◽  
National Prevalence

scholarly journals On the expediency to organize monitoring of the medical and sanitary consequences of road traffic accidents

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
S. F. Goncharov ◽  
A. V. Baranov ◽  
E. A. Mordovsky
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Trauma Centers ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Health Consequences

Relevance. Road traffic accidents are a source of significant medical, demographic, social and economic losses. To reduce the volume of medical and sanitary consequences of road accidents, to achieve the targets of the national project “Safe and High-Quality Roads”, it is necessary to further improve the technologies for providing medical care to victims of road accidents at all stages, including their adaptation to the regional characteristics of road traffic traumatism, and the mechanism of interaction between medical organizations performing the functions of trauma centers. This task can be solved provided that a system of information exchange between trauma centers is created, as well as the organization of monitoring of health consequences in road accidents on its basis. To accumulate and analyze information, a polynosological register, a type of distributed database, is to be used.Intention – to substantiate the expediency to organize monitoring of the health consequences of road traffic accidents.Methodology. Regulatory documents were reviewed as well as results of Russian and foreign scientific research of organizational approaches to the provision of specialized medical care to victims of road accidents at the hospital stage, and also algorithms of introducing information technologies into the activities of medical organizations. The search for sources was performed in specialized scientific search systems (eLibrary, National Library of Medicine – PubMed, Scopus etc.).Results and Discussion. The organization of monitoring of the medical and social consequences of road traffic accidents at the level of the territories of the Russian Federation has been substantiated (including its purpose, tasks, coordinators and implementers). The directions of using the monitoring results were determined.Conclusion. Monitoring of medical and social consequences of road traffic accidents will provide a reliable assessment of their scope in the regions of the country. Besides, health authorities will get reliable information to develop effective measures for reducing medical, demographic, social and economic losses associated with road traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm: national prevalence study of young adults

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory C. O'Connor ◽  
Karen Wetherall ◽  
Seonaid Cleare ◽  
Sarah Eschle ◽  
Julie Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
National Prevalence

BackgroundThere are few prevalence studies of suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-harm (NSSH).AimsWe aimed to estimate the prevalence of thoughts of NSSH, suicidal thoughts, NSSH and suicide attempts among 18- to 34-year-olds in Scotland.MethodWe interviewed a representative sample of young adults from across Scotland.ResultsWe interviewed 3508 young people; 11.3 and 16.2% reported a lifetime history of suicide attempts and NSSH, respectively. The first episode of NSSH tended to precede the first suicide attempt by about 2 years. Age at onset of NSSH and suicide attempt was younger in females. Earlier age at onset was associated with more frequent NSSH/suicide attempts. Women are significantly more likely to report NSSH and suicide attempts compared with men.ConclusionsOne in nine young people has attempted suicide and one in six has engaged in NSSH. Clinicians should be vigilant, as suicide attempts and NSSH are relatively common.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and a temporary ban on tobacco sales in South Africa: impact on smoking cessation

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056293
Author(s):  
Yussuf Saloojee ◽  
Angela Mathee
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Tobacco Sales ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of COVID-19 plus a temporary ban on the sale of tobacco and vaping products, on smoking cessation in South Africa, by reviewing research surveys conducted while the prohibition was in place.MethodAn internet search was conducted on 20 August 2020, using the key words: ‘South Africa’, ‘survey’, ‘poll’, ‘smoking’, ‘cigarettes’, ‘tobacco”, ‘vaping’, and ‘COVID-19’. There were no language restrictions. Additional studies were identified through press reports. Only studies conducted between March and August 2020 were included.ResultsFour surveys which reported on smokers quitting behaviour were included. None had been published in a peer reviewed journal. The heterogeneity of the data did not allow pooling. Support for the ban on tobacco sales amongst smokers varied from 6% to 36%. Similarly, there were inconsistent findings about quitting behaviour. Nationally, between 16% to 49% of smokers reported not smoking during the ban.ConclusionsCigarette smoking in SA dropped during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown, but the estimates were inconsistent, probably because of survey design. There was evidence that the lockdown achieved the fastest rate of decline in smoking prevalence in the country’s history. The true extent of the fall though is uncertain. Prevalence studies post lockdown, using probability sampling, may more accurately show how many people quit smoking.

Getting Ready to Read: Guided Probing for Poor Comprehenders

1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Idol-Maestas
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Advance Organizer ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Poor Comprehenders ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

An advance organizer, TELLS Fact or Fiction, was used to orient students to stories prior to reading them. The steps represented by the acronym were: (T) study story titles, (E) examine and skim pages for clues as to what stories were about, (L) look for important words, (L) look for hard words, (S) think about the story settings, and (Fact or Fiction) decide whether stories were factual or fictional. Teachers used the probing technique to guide 4 LD elementary students and 2 secondary students from general special education classes. Analysis of performance on comprehension questions showed that, in general, students' average performance on factual, sequential, and inferential questions improved when they used the technique. The two older students maintained acceptable performance on inferential questions when the technique was removed; the remainder of the subjects were unable to maintain their improved performance after teacher-guided assistance was removed.

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