Beyond the absence of war: the diversity of peace in post-settlement societies

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTINE HÖGLUND ◽  
MIMMI SÖDERBERG KOVACS
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
War Termination ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Sustainable Peace ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article introduces a novel way of conceptualising variations of peace in post-war societies. The most common way of defining peace in the academic literature on war termination is to differentiate between those cases where there is a continuation or resumption of large-scale violence and those cases where violence has been terminated and peace, defined by the absence of war, has been established. Yet, a closer look at a number of countries where a peace agreement has been signed and peace is considered to prevail reveals a much more diverse picture. Beyond the absence of war, there are striking differences in terms of the character of peace that has followed. This article revisits the classical debates on peace and the notion of the Conflict Triangle as a useful theoretical construction for the study of armed conflicts. We develop a classification captured in a Peace Triangle, where post-settlement societies are categorised on the basis of three key dimensions: issues, behaviour, and attitudes. On the basis of such a differentiation, we illustrate the great diversity of peace beyond the absence of war in a number of post-settlement societies. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the different elements of the Peace Triangle, and the challenges they pose for establishing a sustainable peace, as well as the implications of this study for policy makers concerned with peacebuilding efforts.

Desperate Housewives and Soccer Moms: Examining the relationship between media representations and the lived reality of women in the suburbs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica White
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Media Images ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Original Question ◽  
The Media ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Historical Examination

Has suburbia ever truly met the needs of the populations it claims to serve? Since its creation suburbia has been a centre of conflict between the image created by the media and lived realities. The post war images of femininity in the suburbs were ones of domesticity and a heteronormative family. In essence the “sitcom” family was created and reality was made to look like its television counterpart. Yet in real life, did any family look like that of Leave it to Beaver? Have our ideals of the perfect family living in the perfect house truly changed? If they have changed have they had an effect on policy makers and land developers? A brief historical examination of suburbia, its creation, and media images will be contrasted with the developments and policies we find in today’s suburbia. To partially answer my original question the demographic of women in suburbia, more specifically mothers will be discussed. Are today’s media images of suburbia a better depiction of lived realities or are urban political processes still at play to perpetuate an ideal image?

Conversations with Bosnian Youth: From the Youth Relay Race to the Successor Generation Initiative*

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordana Božić ◽  
Piotr Dutkiewicz ◽  
Ewa Hebda-Dutkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Youth Program ◽  
Historical View ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Relay Race

Youth and their experiences, opinions and attitudes in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina (hereafter BiH) have typically been left unexamined by both academics and policy makers. Nor is there much attention paid to historical analysis of youth who lived in the socialist period, which could shed some light on the mentality of young generations in present-day BiH. This article provides a historical view of socialist youth in Tito's era, with a special focus on BiH in the late 1980s. The second section provides a survey of how young people live in one of the Yugoslav successor states, BiH, examining the continuity and discontinuity of socio-political and ideological conditions in which youth lived in socialist Yugoslavia. The third section looks at the relationship between youth and the international community, the dynamics of which shed light on common features of both pre- and post-war BiH. Specifically, it will examine the internationally funded and organized “Successor Generation Initiative” (SGI) youth program, which aimed to educate youth in democratic values and develop their leadership skills.

scholarly journals The Moderating Effect of Special Peer Support on the Relationship Between Remuneration and Employee Commitmen

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1040
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Hazrat Bilal ◽  
Palwasha Bibi ◽  
Jawad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Peer Support ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Organizational Objectives

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of remuneration on the level of commitment of full-time restaurant staff working in Hotel industry of Malaysia. This study also looks into the moderating effect of Special Peer Support (SPS) on the relationship between remuneration and employee commitment (EC). Data were collected from 380 full time employees working in large scale restaurants of Malaysia. Smart PLS-2 software was used to analyse the data. The findings reveal that there exists a significant and positive impact of remuneration on EC. Moreover, the results also indicate that SPS moderates the remuneration and EC relationship. The findings of the current study suggest that the practitioners and policy makers should increase the level of employee commitment through enhanced remuneration for the purpose to achieve organizational objectives.

scholarly journals The role of international humanitarian law in the search for peace: Lessons from Colombia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
César Rojas-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract International humanitarian law (IHL) has traditionally been seen as a legal framework regulating armed hostilities, having little to do with peace. However, recent peacemaking and peacebuilding practice has consistently relied on IHL to frame peace efforts, mainly in non-international armed conflicts. This article explores the relationship between IHL and peace, looking at practice in Colombia, where IHL has been used in a creative way as a means to build trust, facilitate peace negotiations and enforce the resulting peace agreement. Looking at this case, the article offers general insights on how IHL can facilitate the end of conflict and reintegration, frame accountability and reparation, and shield peace deals under a framework in which both State and non-State actors can find a common bargaining zone in their search for peace.

scholarly journals Adults Only: Disability, Social Policy and the Life Course

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK PRIESTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

This article examines the relationship between disability, generation and social policy. The moral and legislative framework for the post-war welfare settlement was grounded in a long-standing cultural construction of ‘normal’ life course progression. Disability and age (along with gender) were the key components in this construction, defining broad categories of welfare dependency and labour force exemption. However, social changes and the emergence of new policy discourses have brought into question the way in which we think about dependency and welfare at the end of the twentieth century. The article suggests that, as policy-makers pursue their millennial settlement with mothers, children and older people, they also may be forced to reconstruct the relationship between disabled people and the welfare state.

Defining psychological maltreatment: The relationship between questions and answers

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Wald
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Maltreatment ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Over the past 30 years, hundreds of millions, perhaps billions, of dollars have been spent on research related to child maltreatment. Yet, with some notable exceptions, this research has produced disappointingly little information that is relevant to policy-makers. In part, this reflects the difficulty of doing policy-relevant research, a problem exacerbated by the unwillingness of most funding sources to support the types of large-scale research projects needed to answer many policy questions. However, part of the blame lies with the research community itself. Too often, researchers have failed to understand the policy issues at stake. As a result, they have not asked the right questions or utilized appropriate research designs. In fact, they often have failed to conceptualize adequately the questions they were trying to address.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards immigration at the regional level in Europe in times of crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-325
Author(s):  
Javier Álvarez Gálvez ◽  
José Alberto Salinas Pérez ◽  
Gloria Martínez Cousinou ◽  
Eider Muniategi Azkona ◽  
Inmaculada Antolínez Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
General Validity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nationalist Parties ◽  
Regional Comparisons

At the aftermath of the 2008 financial and socio–economic crisis, there had been a boom of nationalist parties in Europe that included anti–immigration measures in their programs. In this study, we analyse the relationship between socioeconomic status and anti–immigrant sentiment at the regional level by using geographically weighted regression. In doing so we use data from the fist years of the financial crisis, when most of European countries were beginning to experience its consequences at an economic, social and political level. Our findings confirm the suitability of spatial analysis to explain regional differences in attitudes towards immigration. Although inter–country or macro–regional comparisons might be useful to explain anti–immigrant sentiments, the general validity of these large–scale geographic areas could be questioned when descending to a regional level. The information provided at the regional level might be useful to identify regions where policy makers should aim integration policies to reduce citizens’ negative attitudes towards immigrants.

PROFESSIONS, ELITES, AND UNIVERSITIES IN ENGLAND, 1870–1970

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARD SCHWARZ
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Women's Colleges ◽  
Graduate Entry ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
Post War ◽  
Return To Teaching ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the ‘growth of professional society’ and the growth of new universities in England from the later nineteenth century is more often asserted than examined in detail. This article examines the policies towards graduates of three large professions, those of schoolteachers, solicitors, and accountants. The crucial first stage was the growth of an examining society during the second half of the nineteenth century; exams were necessary for almost everything and middle-class children, girls as well as boys, stayed at school longer to take them. This process provided the students both for women's colleges and for the new universities. However, graduate employment remained a problem: solicitors resisted large-scale graduate entry until well into the 1950s, accountants for a decade longer. Teaching was exceptional as a large profession that accepted graduates in large numbers. As a result, the secondary school system produced teachers, who produced university students, many of whom had little option but to return to teaching. This applied to Science as well as Arts students, male as well as female. Secondary school teaching rapidly became a graduate profession, while interwar elementary school teaching moved quite rapidly in that direction. The restricted occupations available for graduates created a vicious circle that significantly restrained the Redbrick universities' opportunities for expansion from their foundation until after 1945. Thereafter, with their traditional intake now going to university, solicitors and accountants were increasingly compelled to accept graduates in large numbers. The post-war growth in student numbers was bound up with a widening of social access to universities, particularly within the middle classes.

scholarly journals Facing the winds of change: The managerial power of Open Innovation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Mention ◽  
Marko Torkkeli ◽  
João José Pinto Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Business Economics ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Managerial Power ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Since Henry Chesbrough coined the term of Open Innovation in 2003, it has attracted increasing interest from academics, practitioners and policy-makers alike. More than a decade after, some noticeable and contrasted facts emerge. First, Open Innovation has deeply penetrated the research realms, across disciplines, yet mainly in business, economics and management. Interestingly, this research has primarily focused on the inbound side of Open Innovation, first depicting the phenomenon, then exploring the contingencies and processes, and finally, examining the relationship between Open Innovation adoption and performance. Qualitative, exploratory research has been progressively complemented by large-scale, empirical studies. Unfortunately, few studies exploit indicators going beyond the usual suspects, such as cooperation practices, information sourcing, strategic alliances, joint patenting, and the like to capture the complex and multifaceted nature of Open Innovation. The Outbound, and concomitantly, the coupled side of Open innovation is now gaining more popularity within the research community, with seminal contributions, usually depicting how firms can leverage on external channels to increase their profits and societal impact. An illustration of such research, authored by Chesbrough and Chen, is included in this thematic issue. (...)

Governing roles? Integrating philanthropic foundations with governance boards in German educational collaborative networks

2020 ◽  
pp. 174114322095358
Author(s):  
Franz Koranyi ◽  
Nina Kolleck
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Collaborative Networks ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Philanthropic Foundations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Educational Collaborative ◽  
The Relationship

Educational collaborative networks (ECNs), as instruments for achieving educational goals through the integration of non-governmental organisations (NGOs), have become frequent elements of public education worldwide. Despite their contribution of additional resources to the education enterprise, the roles of philanthropic foundations in ECNs are particularly controversial. Research suggests that leaders of ECNs such as policy makers, administrators, and school principals design and coordinate governance structures to guide participants’ behaviour. However, the importance of governance design and coordination in ECNs for governing philanthropic roles is yet to be systematically analysed. This article centres on the relationship between the design and coordination of governance boards and role-related participation of philanthropic foundations. A mixed methods design is implemented based on secondary analysis of a German large-scale standardised survey and an in-depth case study conducted in a south German municipality. Results confirm that leaders of ECNs impact philanthropic engagement via the design and coordination of governance boards. Participation in ECNs can take on diverse roles of representing particular interests, pursuing innovation, or providing services and are explained by underlying governance-related mechanisms. Identified associations within governance boards and role-related participation of philanthropic foundations in ECNs offer valuable insights for leadership in education.

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