Hegel's Correspondence Theory of Truth

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
H S Harris
Keyword(s):  
Logical Truth ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Correspondence Theory ◽  
Correspondence Theory Of Truth ◽  
The World ◽  
Cognitive Experience ◽  
Special Subset ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Ideal

“The world”, said Wittgenstein, “is the totality of facts, not of things”. According to the “correspondence theory”, therefore, “the truth” will be the totality of assertions that state “the facts”. In Hegel's mature theory of “truth”, this is not “philosophical truth” at all, but the ideal limit of “correct statement”. “Philosophical truth” however – like Wittgenstein's Tractatus – is a rather special subset of “the truly assertible facts”. It is the set that contains all of the true assertions about the logical structure of human cognitive experience. Thus, it is a set of “logical facts”; and if we are to know scientifically, what “human knowledge” is, we must be able to state these “facts” correctly. Hence Hegel's theory of “truth” is not independent of his theory of “correctness”. He has a “correspondence theory” of “truth”; but “Truth” is a property of assertions about “knowledge”, not of assertions about “the world”. For this reason, the theory of “truth” becomes a complex and interesting topic in Hegel's view, and not the boringly simple matter already disposed of in the formal definition of “correctness”. What is called “the correspondence theory” does not deserve the honorific name of “theory” at all. It is a formal logical truth that can be stated in a single sentence. Only in Hegel's theory of “experience” does “correspondence” become, for the first time, interesting.

Philosophy and Education

1998 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Luciana Bellatalla
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
The World ◽  
Dialogic Approach ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Ideal

From its first appearance in western culture, philosophy has been considered able to build up reality, to educate people, and to disclose truth. Plato proposed philosophers as governors in life-long pursuit of philosophical learning. Socrates was the ideal paradigm of an educating philosopher: he tried to wake up human minds so that they could be aware of themselves and of the world, criticizing tradition and prejudices in a logically consistent perspective. A critical and dialogic approach—not by mere chance defined as "Socratic"—to problems has been considered until now the most profitable method of teaching. Socrates is a pioneer in discussing the question of a philosophical (paideia), as he defined his method "maieutic." He was not an authoritarian teacher, but a sparring partner in the process of self-education. Moreover, he considered himself as the most learned and, at the same time, the wisest in Greece, just because he was conscious of his ignorance. Therefore, he understood for the first time in our cultural tradition that knowledge is an endless process rather than a product, within marked bounds.

Optimized global map projections for specific applications: the triptychial projection and the Spilhaus projection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Grieger
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Elliptic Functions ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Full Detail ◽  
Map Projections ◽  
Minimal Distortion ◽  
The World ◽  
One Step ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

<p>There is no perfect global map projection. A projection may be area preserving or conformal (shape preserving on small scales) in some regions, but it will inevitably exhibit considerable distortions in others. An oblique version of a projection (where the globe is rotated before projecting) can be optimized to avoid major distortions in specific regions of interest.<br>We present two global map projections of the Earth which either display all continents (including Antarctica) or the complete world ocean with minimal distortion and without any intersection. These are the triptychial projection and the Spilhaus projection, respectively.<br>The triptychial projection is original work and has been published by Grieger (2019). While that paper comprises complete information on the definition of the projection, the details of its application need to be collected from literature referenced therein. The triptychial projection is an oblique and rearranged version of the Peirce quincuncial projection of the world (Peirce, 1879).<br>Instances of the Spilhaus projection went viral on the internet in fall 2018. The projection is mostly attributed to a publication from 1942, but in fact it seems to appear for the first time in Spilhaus (1979). The projection is shown in that paper (and in a few later ones), but no information on its definition is provided. Developers of ArcGIS did some reverse engineering and could identify the Spilhaus projection as an oblique version of the Adams projection of the world in a square II (Adams, 1929).<br>The triptychial and the Spilhaus projection both imply several steps in their application. While the two projections look very different, they have one step in common: the conformal mapping of a hemisphere onto a square, which requires tabulated Jacobi elliptic functions. We review both projections, describe them in full detail, and provide all formulas and data needed to apply them. The algorithms employed may also be interesting for planetary applications.</p>

Is it True What Haack Says About Tarski?

Philosophy ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (240) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Theory ◽  
Correspondence Theory Of Truth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Susan Haack

In her paper ‘Is it True What They Say About Tarski?’, Susan Haack argues that Popper is wrong to regard Tarski's theory of truth as a correspondence theory of truth. For, she says:… Tarksi does not present his theory as a correspondence theory. In fact Tarski explicitly comments that the correspondence theory cannot be considered a satisfactory definition of truth. And later he observes that he was ‘by no means surprised’ to learn that, in a survey carried out by Naess, only 15 per cent agreed that truth is correspondence with reality, while 90 per cent agreed that ‘It is snowing’ is true if and only if it is snowing (p. 324).

Equality, sexual values and permissive legislation: the English experience

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
Sexual Values ◽  
Evolutionary Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Democratic Equality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Ideal

I have the honour to address you today in this lecture founded to cherish the memory of L. T. Hobhouse, who was the first professor of sociology in this University and in these islands. He devoted his life to extending the study of social development within the framework of those evolutionary theories which had contained so much of Victorian social thought. He discerned a ‘self-conscious evolution of humanity’, found ‘therein a meaning and an element of purpose for the historical process which has led up to it’, and concluded that the ‘slowly wrought out dominance of mind in things is the central fact of evolution’. His fundamental thesis was that humanity had for the first time reached the stage of self-direction. Hobhouse's approach to sociology was itself a protest against sterile separatism either among the several social sciences or between them and the world of everyday affairs. He was a main contributor in his day to the principles of constructive liberalism and a leading exponent of the ideal of democratic equality. He sought for himself a unity of academic theory and social practice through his lifelong commitments as a journalist and commentator as well as an active participant in the work of Trade Boards and other institutions of the labour market. I do not therefore feel that I should apologize for taking as the theme of this memorial lecture present-day anxieties, enthusiasms and confusions about sexual conduct in their bearing upon Hobhouse's ideals of the liberation of the individual, of self-direction and of democratic equality.

WHY ARE BASIC COLOR NAMES "BASIC"?

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1150016
Author(s):  
ANIMESH MUKHERJEE ◽  
VITTORIO LORETO ◽  
FRANCESCA TRIA
Keyword(s):  
Color Word ◽  
The World ◽  
Color Name ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Basic Color ◽  
Fixed Order ◽  
Central Result ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Statistical Definition

It is widely known that color names across the world's languages tend to be organized into a neat hierarchy with a small set of "basic names" featuring in a comparatively fixed order across linguistic societies. However, to date, the basic names have only been defined through a set of linguistic principles. There is no statistical definition that quantitatively separates the basic names from the rest of the color words across languages. Here we present a rigorous statistical analysis of the World Color Survey database hosting color word information from 110 non-industrialized languages. The central result is that those names for which a population of individuals show a larger overall agreement across languages turn out to be the basic ones exactly reproducing the color name hierarchy and, thereby, providing, for the first time, an empirical definition of the basic color names.

scholarly journals Bahasa Dan Kebenaran Menurut John Langshaw Austin

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-216
Author(s):  
Antonius Widyarsono
Keyword(s):  
Ordinary Language ◽  
Correspondence Theory ◽  
Coherence Theory ◽  
Performative Utterance ◽  
Correspondence Theory Of Truth ◽  
The World ◽  
John Langshaw Austin ◽  
Deflationary Theory Of Truth ◽  
Deflationary Theory ◽  
Specific Contribution

Abstrak: John Langshaw Austin menjadi terkenal sebagai filosof Lingkaran Oxford yang menekankan pentingnya tuturan performatif. Namun dalam artikelnya “Truth” (1950) ia menggunakan teori korespondensi dalam memahami masalah kebenaran. Austin mengkritik Strawson yang menggunakan teori deflasioner tentang kebenaran berdasarkan analisis mengenai pentingnya tuturan performatif. Dalam tulisan ini akan dijelaskan mengapa Austin lebih memilih teori korespondensi dari pada teori deflasioner dalam memahami kebenaran. Juga akan ditunjukkan sumbangan khas Austin yang membarui teori korespondensi umum yang menggunakan metafora “cermin” dan “peta” realitas dengan menekankan sifat konvensional ide korespondensi. Menurut penulis, hal ini merupakan suatu usaha yang serius dan berguna dalam mengartikulasikan cara kita menggunakan simbol-simbol bahasa yang ditentukan secara sewenang-wenang untuk merepresentasikan realitas dunia.   Kata-kata Kunci: Kebenaran, teori korespondensi, teori koherensi, teori deflasioner, teori tindak-tutur, aspek ilokusioner bahasa, tuturan deskriptif, tuturan performatif, konvensi deskriptif, konvensi demonstratif.   Abstract: John Langshaw Austin is an “Ordinary Language Philosopher” of Oxford, who is famous for emphasizing the importance of performative statements. In his article, “Truth” (1950), however, he used correspondence theory for understanding the problem of truth. Austin criticized Strawson, who uses the deflationary theory of truth that is compatible with the analysis of performative utterances. This article will explain why Austin chooses the correspondence theory of truth rather than deflationary one. It will also elaborate Austin’s specific contribution in changing the version of the correspondence theory, which uses the metaphor of “mirroring” or “mapping”’ the world, to a conventional correspondence theory. It is, in my opinion, a serious and notable attempt to articulate our use of arbitrary symbols in the representation of brute reality. Keywords: Truth, correspondence theory, coherence theory, deflationary theory, speech-act theory, the illocutionary aspect of language, descriptive utterance, performative utterance, descriptive convention, demonstrative convention.

scholarly journals Aristotle and Tarski

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Jan Woleński
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Theory ◽  
Alfred Tarski ◽  
Correspondence Theory Of Truth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semantic Definition

Alfred Tarski frequently declared that his semantic definition of truth was inspired by Aristotle’s views. The present paper discusses this issue in the context of Marian Wesoły’s criticism of the thesis that there is an affinity between Tarski’s views and those of Aristotle. The article concludes with an inquiry into whether Aristotle’s definition of truthfulness can be identified with the correspondence theory of truth.

scholarly journals SPORTS NEOLOGISMS AS A MEANS OF OBJECTIFYING THE UNIVERSAL IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE WORLD PICTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.M SHEMCHUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
German Language ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
World Picture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
First Time

Objective of the article: to consider sports neologisms as a means of objectifying the universal in the German language world picture. The introduction provides a definition of sports neologisms. This paper analyzes them based on data from the portal of the German language Institute in Mannheim www.owid.de. The novelty of the research is that for the first time the universal in the German language picture of the world is represented by sports neologisms that have great research potential and practical significance for a wide range of people interested in sports problems. The methodological basis of this research is primarily the cognitive approach as the main one and the semasiological approach as the accompanying one. The relevance of the research is due to the wide spread of sports in all countries of the world, which means the appearance in recent years of works that consider sports lexemes on the material of various languages. Results: the analysis of German sports neologisms showed that the vast majority of lexemes are words of English origin, which indicates the lexical way of combining different cultures. Sports neologisms that have emerged based on existing word-formation models in German or by reinterpreting existing lexemes also do not reflect the national mentality in the nominative system of the native language. Prospects for further study of German sports neologisms in various aspects: typological, metalanguage, and normative are offered.

scholarly journals Aristotle and Tarski

2017 ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Jan Woleński
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Theory ◽  
Alfred Tarski ◽  
Correspondence Theory Of Truth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Semantic Definition

Alfred Tarski frequently declared that his semantic definition of truth was inspired by Aristotle’s views. The present paper discusses this issue in the context of Marian Wesoły’s criticism of the thesis that there is an affinity between Tarski’s views and those of Aristotle. The article concludes with an inquiry into whether Aristotle’s definition of truthfulness can be identified with the correspondence theory of truth. 

scholarly journals Aspects of nonlinearity in music of the second half of the XX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
T. G. Mdivani
Keyword(s):  
Structural Feature ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Modern Era

The purpose of the study is to give a preliminary idea of the non­linear music expressing the post­non­classical concept of the world. Novelty: for the first time: 1) the novelty of the composer’s thinking of the representatives of the Second Musical vanguard is explained from the standpoint of non­linearity and self­organization; 2) the author’s definition of nonlinear musical reality is given, where three forms of representation are distinguished: local, total, and biand polyfurcation; synergistic methodological tools, including terminology, are applied to musical subjectivity, which allowed us to define a new essence and new quality of musical and artistic compositions. The most important side of nonlinear music is the improvisational beginning, where the integrity of the whole is achieved through the inevitable emergence of a certain uniformity of material and the coherence of the elements on the basis of the self­organizing force of creative and performing will. By the example of J. Cage’s “Etudes Australes”, a structural feature is considered, which consists in its openness, atemporality and “dispersion” of sound tissue in timeless space, that is, the structure of etudes is dissipative) non­linear) in essence. Models of non­linear music systems encompass genre forms that define actionism – happening, performance, as well as collage and intertextuality techniques. Together, they demonstrate compositions with a “completely relaxed form” (I. Dobritsyna).Thus, non­linear music is a specific musical text, or “modern … opus perfectum et absolutum” (according to M. Katunyan), dominated by casual processuality and structural openness, focus and self­organization, the principle of uncertainty and discrete metaphysics, which corresponds to the post­non­classical concept of the world and mental the specifics of the modern era. Non­linearity characteristics include the multiplicity of semantic, lexical, and structural representations of the material (for example, form aleatorics) and loose text (for example, graphic music), the approximation of elements and means of expression (musical and extra­musical), “deterministic chaos” (according to J. Gleick) and emergence of changes in the process of formation of musical matter, self­structuring based on temporary and anthropogenic factors.

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