Linguistic Evidentials and the Law of Hearsay

This chapter explores the relationship between how natural language expresses degrees of certainty in the truth of an assertion on the one hand, and how the law handles this issue on the other. This discussion focuses, in particular, on the hearsay doctrine and on the linguistic elements identified as “evidentials:” expressions that include information about how speakers came to know the assertions they make. The hearsay rule bars certain kinds of speech acts from serving as legal evidence, in particular, assertions that report what another person earlier said, and which are offered to express the truth about the events at issue in a case. The author links the law governing hearsay in terms of speech act theory, a connection also drawn by the philosopher John Langshaw Austin, who observed that statements offered to prove the fact of the speech act rather than the truth of the matter asserted are admissible.

Repetições e rupturas entre a ruas e a cena: Um estudo de caso sobre a performatividade de gênero para o espetáculo Sofia -35

Este artigo busca perceber como os atos performativos se articulam na crítica de John Langshaw Austin sobre a linguagem. Analiso como esta teoria vem se modificando a partir do pensamento de Jacques Derrida, considerando como ambos, em suas convergências e divergências, foram imprescindíveis para a teorização de Judith Butler sobre a performatividade de gênero. Examino a partir da pesquisa-ação, como a arte, o teatro e a performance servem cada vez mais para as analogias, contrapontos e articulações da performatividade na ação da humanidade, na literatura e na representação cotidiana. Por fim, relaciono de que maneira a performatividade está presente na concepção dramatúrgica do espetáculo Sofia -35. Constato que a repetição é uma forma de sustentar alguns tipos de opressão, mas também de redirecionar o peso do passado; que a identidade é um instrumento de regime regulatório; que a heterossexualidade compulsória como original desarticula os direitos da comunidade LGBTIQ, ferindo-nos incansavelmente e que o espetáculo Sofia -35 é um projeto onde a estética autobiográfica ajuda a questionar repetições, padrões, experiências reconfiguradas para a cena e a possibilidade de uma escita performativa, plural, que cria novos significantes e possibilidades narrativas. Palavras-chave: performatividade, teatro, dramaturgia, autobiografia.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF J. L. AUSTIN’S SATURDAY MORNING MEETINGS FOR «CONTINUITY» OF OXFORD PHILOSOPHY

I will try to focus in my talk on the history and significance of the so-calledSaturday Morning Meetings—a scien-tific seminar that John Langshaw Austin (President of the Aristotelian society 1956-1957) organized in 1947 at the University of Oxford—forthe development of Oxford philosophy. The ideas that were discussed at these informal meetings were subsequently seriously developed within the philosophy literature, and many participants of the seminar became world-famous philosophers. The success of the Saturday Morning Meetings can be explained by the fact that it was not a formalized University institution, but a community of like-minded people who believed that only through joint discussion philosophical problems could be clarified.

O PROBLEMA ÉTICO NA EDUCAÇÃO E O USO DA LINGUAGEM

Neste trabalho o objetivo geral é o de desenvolver uma reflexão séria sobre o problema ético na educação com base em fundamentos da Filosofia Clássica sobre a ética e as possíveis relações da Filosofia Contemporânea a partir da Ética da linguagem desenvolvida por John Langshaw Austin. Primeiro, buscaremos elementos teóricos que nos permitam desenvolver o debate sobre problemáticas educacionais e abordar alguns problemas inerentes à ética na educação, e, por fim, apontar possíveis relações entre o uso ético da linguagem e educação. Desse cenário sobressai a discussão iniciada no século XXI abordando a ética educacional e a exigência por atitudes éticas que constituem os espaços da academia e da política. Segue a pergunta que se estabelece: como o discurso sobre o ser e o agir humanos, diante do problema ético na educação, pode contribuir para a formação humana?

A Ars Grammatica de Terenciano Mauro

Este artigo apresenta um breve comentário sobre a arte gramatical intitulada Terentianus de littera, de syllaba, de pedibus, do autor latino Terenciano Mauro. Observa-se que o gramático confere especial atenção formal à construção de seu texto, uma vez que o produziu forma metrificada, variando o uso dos metros. À luz dos estudos de John Langshaw Austin (1990) a respeito do conceito de performatividade, neste trabalho serão discutidas as principais características do tratado, demonstrando, por meio de exemplos, as particularidades da obra de Terenciano Mauro.

Statemen Sari Roti Pasca 212 dalam Perspektif Filsafat Bahasa Biasa John Langshaw Austin

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi statemen Sari Roti dalam perspektif filsafat bahasa biasa Austin. Penelitian ini menerapkan eklektik-hermeneutika. Ini dimulai dengan mengumpulkan dan memisahkan data. Semua data dievaluasi menggunakan cara deskriptif, interpretatif, reflektif, inklusif, dan sintesis. Austin membandingkan keragaman alat dan cara dalam bahasa, serta bagaimana bahasa digunakan, banyaknya jenis kata dan kalimat dengan apa yang dikatakan ahli logika tentang struktur bahasa tempat pembaca dapat menafsirkan teks kata sebagai jembatan untuk dapat dipahami. Statemen Sari Roti menggunakan salah satu jenis bahasa biasa, yakni bahasa sehari-hari. Berdasarkan sudut pandang filsafat bahasa Austin, pengaruh statemen Sari Roti ini berakibat unhappy. Statemen itu hanya muncul beberapa jam sebelum resmi dihapus oleh Sari Roti, tetapi menjadi sia-sia karena tidak memperhatikan situasi dan kondisi ketika informasi ditampilkan.</p><strong>Keywords</strong>: S<em>tatemen, </em><em>W</em><em>arganet, </em><em>Bahasa Biasa</em>

Cómo hacer cosas con títulos = How to do things with titles

Resumen:Las conferencias pronunciadas por John Langshaw Austin en el marco de las William James Lectures fueron publicadas en 1962 tras la muerte de su autor bajo el título How to do things with words. Es bien sabido que su contenido ha tenido una gran repercusión en campos del saber diversos y que su influencia se extiende hasta nuestros días. En este artículo se estudia la pervivencia de dicha obra de Austin desde una perspectiva particular: el criterio utilizado es el empleo de variantes de la traducción española de su título (Cómo hacer cosas con palabras) en trabajos de distinta tipología y temática. Se concluye que, aunque la pervivencia del título constituye una prueba más de la influencia y vitalidad de los postulados austinianos, su recurrente empleo se debe también a aspectos formales.Abstract: The lectures given by John Langshaw Austin as part of the William James Lectures were published in 1962 after the author´s death under the title How to do things with words. It is well-known that their content has had a significant impact on different fields of knowledge and that their influence survives into the present age. In this paper we aim to handle the survival of the aforementioned work by Austin from a particular perspective: the criterion employed is the use of variants of the Spanish translation of the title (Cómo hacer cosas con palabras) in works of different types and topics. A conclusion is reached that, even though the survival of the title constitutes yet more evidence of the influence and vitality of Austin´s proposals, its recurrent use is also due to formal aspects.

The Influence of Marketing Statements Found in Women’s Cosmetic Products to Their Mindset in Determining the Definition of Beauty

This journal discusses about the influence of the marketing statements found in women’s cosmetic products to their mindset in determining the definition of beauty. The writer takes the data from the marketing statements that happened in the commercial advertisements of four most used and commonly shown in audio visual media, such as television, which are Pond’s, Citra, Shinzui, and Garnier. The Technique of collecting the data of this thesis is the observation technique which then continued by writing down the conversatios that includes the marketing statements of the commercial advertisements into a form of a transcription. The writer uses the speech-act theory by John Langshaw Austin to analyze the influence of the marketing statements which presented through the conversations in the commercial advertisements, the theory of signs by Charles William Morris to analyze the signs that showed up in the commercial advertisements, and the theory of meaning by Charles Kay Ogden and Ivor Amstrong Richards to analyze the meaning of the symbols of signs that showed up in both the conversations and the narration. The result of this study shows that in every part of those products commercial advertisements, the marketing statements always try to influence the women to believe that indeed having white/bright/light skin means beautiful.

Surat Jerami di Meja Austin

Many hermeneutical approaches have been developed in response to interpretive difficulties arising from the reading of text, especially sacred writings. The linguistic ontology developed by John Langshaw Austin (1911-1960) might offer a novel perspective for “reading” such an utterance. For Austin, there are multiple kinds of speech effected in the instance of human uttering. A given action therefore results out of a person’s given speech. Austin terms “performative utterance” that action performed by way of speech. Further explicating his speech-act theory, Austin outlines that the action exemplified by a given speech are, in fact, three simultaneous acts—first the “locutionary act,” as the compilation of the particular words uttered; next the “illocutionary act,” as the force rendered by this given speech; then the “perlocutionary act,” as the effect consequentially achieved upon a speech’s audience. By proposing that Austin’s approach be deployed to interpret the Epistle of James, I consider a number of ways in which such an interpretation would be demonstrably enriched via speech-act theory. I contend that an interpreter of James’ letter must distinguish among the three kinds of acts being performed in the work of the epistolary author. The culminating aim, then, is to discern what outcomes might have been intended by the epistolary author, in relation to the letter’s original audience.